Continuous Integration and Unit Testing in Agile Environments

Agile Environments IPC Spring Continuous Integration Agile Day June 1st 2010 Unit Testing Sebastian Bergmann

Sebastian Bergmann  Co-Founder and Principal Consultant with thePHP.cc  Pioneer in the field of QA for PHP projects  Creator of PHPUnit  Contributor to PHP

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Agile Environments Scrum is an agile method for project management. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scrum_process.svg

Agile Environments Scrum is not an agile method for software engineering. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scrum_process.svg

Agile Environments Common elements of agile methods for software engineering  Coding  Coding Standards  Collective Code Ownership  Test-Driven Development  Continuous Integration  Testing  All code must have unit tests  All code must pass all unit tests before release  When a bug is found tests are created

TestDriven Development Disciplined software development practice that focuses on software design by first writing automated unit tests followed by production code in short, frequent iterations This slide contains material by David S. Janzen

TestDriven Development  Fewer defects  Fewer statements  Lower computational complexity  Lower coupling between classes  Higher test coverage and volume This slide contains material by David S. Janzen

Unit Tests are like a warm blanket you can wrap yourself into if you need to go out into the code forest to refactor. (Volker Dusch)

Unit Testing Testing a unit of code isolated from its dependencies.

Examples to introduce unit tests are boring. Please bear with me and do not fall asleep!

The BankAccount example BankAccountTest.php <?php require_once 'BankAccount.php'; class BankAccountTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testBalanceIsInitiallyZero() { $ba = new BankAccount; $this->assertEquals(0, $ba->getBalance()); } }

The BankAccount example Running the test(s) sb@ubuntu ~ % phpunit BankAccountTest PHPUnit 3.4.13 by Sebastian Bergmann. . Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 3.25Mb OK (1 test, 1 assertion)

The BankAccount example Tests can serve as an executable specification.

The BankAccount example Tests can serve as an executable specification. sb@ubuntu ~ % phpunit --testdox BankAccountTest PHPUnit 3.4.13 by Sebastian Bergmann. BankAccount [x] Balance is initially zero

The BankAccount example is finished. You can all wake up again :)

Functional tests can tell you something broke.

Functional tests can tell you something broke. Unit tests can tell you what broke. (Jason Huggins)

Static Code Analysis

Static Code Analysis How much code is there? sb@thinkpad object-freezer % phploc --count-tests . phploc 1.5.1 by Sebastian Bergmann. Directories: 10 Files: 30 Lines of Code (LOC): 4046 Cyclomatic Complexity / Lines of Code: 0.05 Executable Lines of Code (ELOC): 1326 Comment Lines of Code (CLOC): 2007 Non-Comment Lines of Code (NCLOC): 2039 Namespaces: 0 Interfaces: 2 Classes: 19 Abstract: 1 (5.26%) Concrete: 18 (94.74%) Average Class Length (NCLOC): 109 Methods: 51 Scope: Non-Static: 48 (94.12%) Static: 3 (5.88%) Visibility: Public: 35 (68.63%) Non-Public: 16 (31.37%) Average Method Length (NCLOC): 40 Cyclomatic Complexity / Number of Methods: 2.41 Anonymous Functions: 0 Functions: 0 Constants: 1 Global constants: 0 Class constants: 1 Tests: Classes: 9 Methods: 76

Static Code Analysis How is the code structured? sb@thinkpad object-freezer % phploc --count-tests . phploc 1.5.1 by Sebastian Bergmann. Directories: 10 Files: 30 Lines of Code (LOC): 4046 Cyclomatic Complexity / Lines of Code: 0.05 Executable Lines of Code (ELOC): 1326 Comment Lines of Code (CLOC): 2007 Non-Comment Lines of Code (NCLOC): 2039 Namespaces: 0 Interfaces: 2 Classes: 19 Abstract: 1 (5.26%) Concrete: 18 (94.74%) Average Class Length (NCLOC): 109 Methods: 51 Scope: Non-Static: 48 (94.12%) Static: 3 (5.88%) Visibility: Public: 35 (68.63%) Non-Public: 16 (31.37%) Average Method Length (NCLOC): 40 Cyclomatic Complexity / Number of Methods: 2.41 Anonymous Functions: 0 Functions: 0 Constants: 1 Global constants: 0 Class constants: 1 Tests: Classes: 9 Methods: 76

Static Code Analysis How many tests are there? sb@thinkpad object-freezer % phploc --count-tests . phploc 1.5.1 by Sebastian Bergmann. Directories: 10 Files: 30 Lines of Code (LOC): 4046 Cyclomatic Complexity / Lines of Code: 0.05 Executable Lines of Code (ELOC): 1326 Comment Lines of Code (CLOC): 2007 Non-Comment Lines of Code (NCLOC): 2039 Namespaces: 0 Interfaces: 2 Classes: 19 Abstract: 1 (5.26%) Concrete: 18 (94.74%) Average Class Length (NCLOC): 109 Methods: 51 Scope: Non-Static: 48 (94.12%) Static: 3 (5.88%) Visibility: Public: 35 (68.63%) Non-Public: 16 (31.37%) Average Method Length (NCLOC): 40 Cyclomatic Complexity / Number of Methods: 2.41 Anonymous Functions: 0 Functions: 0 Constants: 1 Global constants: 0 Class constants: 1 Tests: Classes: 9 Methods: 76

Static Code Analysis How is the code structured? sb@thinkpad object-freezer % pdepend --overview-pyramid=pyramid.svg Object ANDC Average Number of Derived Classes AHH Average Hierarchy Height NOP Number of Packages NOC Number of Classes NOM Number of Methods LOC Lines of Code (non-comment, non-whitespace) CYCLO Cyclomatic Complexity CALLS Number of Operation Calls FANOUT Number of Called Classes

Static Code Analysis Can we find ”interesting” code using a tool? sb@thinkpad object-freezer % phpcs --standard=Sebastian Object FILE: /usr/local/src/object-freezer/Object/Freezer/Storage/CouchDB.php -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FOUND 0 ERROR(S) AND 1 WARNING(S) AFFECTING 1 LINE(S) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 197 | WARNING | Silencing errors is discouraged -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Object/Freezer/Storage/CouchDB.php 197 $socket = @fsockopen($this->host, $this->port, $errno, $errstr); 198 199 if (!$socket) { 200 throw new RuntimeException($errno . ': ' . $errstr); 201 }

Static Code Analysis Do we have duplicated code? sb@thinkpad object-freezer % phpcpd Object phpcpd 1.3.2 by Sebastian Bergmann. 0.00% duplicated lines out of 1686 total lines of code. Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 3.00Mb

Build Automation Automate {errorprone|recurring|tedious} tasks

Continuous Integration is about improving software quality and reducing project risks.

Continuous Integration means feeling the pulse of your project.

Continuous Integration Server Available Solutions  CruiseControl  http://cruisecontrol.sf.net/  phpUnderControl  http://phpUnderControl.org/  Hudson  http://hudson-ci.org/  Atlassian Bamboo  http://www.atlassian.com/software/bamboo/  Arbit  http://arbitracker.org/

The End  Web: http://thePHP.cc/ http://sebastian-bergmann.de/  Mail: sebastian@thePHP.cc  Twitter: @s_bergmann  Slides: http://talks.thePHP.cc/  Vote: http://joind.in/1730  Buy the book: http://phpqabook.com/

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Continuous Integration and Unit Testing in Agile Environments

by Sebastian Bergmann on Jun 01, 2010

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Continuous Integration and Unit Testing in Agile Environments — Presentation Transcript