The Distributed & Decentralized Cloud

Distributed & Decentralized CloudPraerit Garg, Co-founder & PresidentMargaret Dawson, Vice President

How much digital data arewe creating every second? www.symform.com

It’s all about the data ➡58 Gigabytes of data created every second ➡35 Zettabytes of digitally stored data by 2020 ➡ That’s enough data to fill a stack of DVDs reaching from the Earth to the moon and back — about 240,000 miles each way.33

But… The ‘Cloud’ Will Save Us!44

Only one problem Cloud is powered by massive centralized infrastructure5

Cloud driving massive data center build out  Over 500,000 data centers worldwide covering 290m sqft or 6,000 football fields66

What percentage of NorthAmerican energy consumption do those data centers account for? www.symform.com

Issues with over centralization ➡ Have to build for peak usage; excess capacity lying idle ➡ Power consumption issues • 2% of North American energy consumption goes to servers and data centers • 2% of global carbon footprint is data centers used to power cloud computing • Google uses 260 million watts continuously across the globe -- equivalent to the power used by all the homes and businesses in a city of 200,000 people. ➡ Energy grid management ➡ Potential security and physical vulnerabilities (e.g. fire) ➡ Costs - data centers are expensive to build and maintain ➡ Bandwidth bottlenecks8 8

And we can’t keep pace with data growth . . .99

Good news . . . The Internet is already highly distributed Internet Users by Country  Billions of devices sitting on the edge  Data distributed across devices,10 networks, data centers, and geos

You are already using distributed systems Cloud Computing is driving distributed models: ➡ Multi-tenant architecture ➡ Distributed database ➡ Virtualization ➡ Multi-threading ➡ Multi-core CPUs ➡ Parallel processing ➡ Distributed file systems ➡ Distributed Load Balancing ➡ RAID algorithms11

And we’re realizing benefits ➡ System or process optimization ➡ Improved performance - faster ➡ Increased reliability & fault tolerance ➡ Lower costs ➡ Increased efficiencies ➡ Easier scalability or expansion ➡ Continuous or near continuous operations1212

What’s the largest distributed & decentralized system in the world? www.symform.com

Distributed alone is not enough . . . Distributed only will not keep up with our data growth Still heavily based on centralized models with distributed components14

Need to go beyond distributed to decentralized Why?  Unused instances  Over provisioning  Under use of reserved instances  Orphaned services  Millions of dollars invested and wasted Contributing source: Mat Ellis15

How to think about Decentralization ➡ No central hub or owner ➡ Power of large numbers ➡ Organic, demand driven growth in capacity ➡ Leverages existing infrastructure and devices on edge ➡ Shared information ➡ Concept of ―Contribution‖ to the community ➡ Assume everyone / every node is ―untrusted‖ ➡ Geographic spread of: • Ownership & participation • Costs • Management overhead • Risks16 16

Good news . . . There are good examples of decentralization today17 17

Do you have an example of a decentralized system? www.symform.com

Decentralized Development Open Source Movement Programmers who support the ➡ Linux – a Unix-Based operating system open source movement philosophy contribute to the open ➡ Apache — a leading server software and scripting language on the web source community by voluntarily writing and exchanging ➡ MySQL — a database management system programming code for software ➡ PHP — a widely used open source general- development. purpose scripting language ➡ Blender — a 3D graphics and animation software ➡ OpenOffice.org – an office suite software with word processor, spreadsheet, and presentation capabilities ➡ Mozilla — a web browser and e-mail client ➡ Perl — a programming/scripting language ➡ Wikipedia — Online encyclopedia open for anyone to update and revise content19 19

Decentralized Communications Skype is the largest telephone company in the world but has almost no centralized infrastructure20

Decentralized Processing Search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) World Community Grid21

Decentralized Cloud Storage What if we aggregated all the unused capacity across servers, desktops and storage devices on the edge of the Internet to build a global storage network?22

Decentralized IT budgets Alas . . . Also already here ➡ CMOs often have as much IT purchasing power as CIOs ➡ Employees are buying rogue platforms, applications and devices23 23

Whoa! . . . ―This is chaos for enterprise IT‖24 24

Doesn’t mean loss of centralized control or IT power What Stays Centralized? ➡ IT Policy and governance ➡ Security and compliance mandates ➡ Definition of ―trust‖ ➡ API management ➡ Shared services (SOA) ➡ Vendor evaluation guidelines ➡ Data analysis aggregation (search, e-discovery & reporting)25 25

We are still in early stages Issues with decentralization ➡ Desire for Control ➡ Geo-political differences ➡ Random expertise ➡ Data security and encryption ➡ Integration ➡ Need more open API’s ➡ Consistent Quality of Service26 26

How much digitally storeddata will there be by 2020? www.symform.com

We still need data centers Data centers are ideal for: ➡ High volume, low latency transactions ➡ Data warehousing ➡ Search28 28

But we can look for opportunities To Leverage Distributed & Decentralized Models ➡ Assumption of ―untrusted‖ should be your security principle today ➡ Worry less about where the data is and on how to control access ➡ Be the source of centralized policy and governance29

Today’s Cloud: Centralized Data Centers Apple Amazon Google30

Tomorrow’s Cloud: Decentralized Grids31 31

Q&A www.symform.com

Thank You margaret@symform.com praerit@symform.comCloudNOW Cloud ConnectAdvisory Council Advisory Council www.symform.com

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The Distributed & Decentralized Cloud

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