>>> Genealogy of the raster display
A hundred and fifty years ago, two inventions revolutionised the image: lithography and photog-
raphy. Combined in contemporary photolitho presses , large-scale printing of photographs lead
us into a new set of mathematised techniques. Refined through fax, TV and digital transmission,
our imaging technologies are dominated by grids. This talk traces that history, and asks whether
the unacknowledged presence of tiny squares is just a random blip in a chaotic cosmos, or per-
haps a structural characteristic of the society we now inhabit: the database economy.
Sean Cubitt
Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, 11 November 2009

Richard Parkes Bonington (1802-1828)
Tour du gros horloge, Évreux Lithograph, 331mm x 245mm
(detail of clockface above)

William Henry Fox Talbot, Latticed Window at
Lacock Abbey, 1835

Stephen H. Horgan, Steinway Hall, New York Daily Graphic,
December 2, 1873: first mass-printed halftone photograph.

Bell Labs Wirephoto, first commercial transmission, New York 1935

The Quatermass Experiment, BBC TV, 1953, dir Rudolph Cartier, scr Nigel Kneale

Cathode Ray Tube
Trinitron Mask

LCD sub-pixel

David Q MacDowell (2009), ‘Standards for Graphic Arts - How We Got Where We Are’, Imaging Science
and Technology, 24 (4), July/August, Society for Imaging Science and Technology, http://www.imaging.org

ISSUES
1. UNIT ENUMERATION = commodity equivalence, exchangability
2 AVERAGING = biopolitical management of probabilty
3. PREDICTIVE SCANNING = protocological zone
=> DATABASE ECONOMY

Methodological Principles
Consideration - of the actually existing situation in its unique complexity
Wonder - at the specific unexpected details, readiness to question previous habits and assumptions
Hope - for a ‘difference that makes a difference at some later time’ (Bateson);
Ivan Sutherland demonstrating Sketchpad, 1963