mod_rewrite

Uses

Uses
• Obscure original URLs

Uses
• Obscure original URLs
• Clean URLs

Uses
• Obscure original URLs
• Clean URLs
• SEO (Seriously.)

Uses
• Obscure original URLs
• Clean URLs
• SEO (Seriously.)
• Redirection

Uses
• Obscure original URLs
• Clean URLs
• SEO (Seriously.)
• Redirection
• Access control

Where can I place rewrite
rules?

Where can I place rewrite
rules?
• httpd.conf (or included config files)

Where can I place rewrite
rules?
• httpd.conf (or included config files)
• VirtualHost

Where can I place rewrite
rules?
• httpd.conf (or included config files)
• VirtualHost
• Directory*

Where can I place rewrite
rules?
• httpd.conf (or included config files)
• VirtualHost
• Directory*
• .htaccess

Where can I place rewrite
rules?
• httpd.conf (or included config files)
• VirtualHost
• Directory*
• .htaccess
*Certain restrictions apply.**

Where can I place rewrite
rules?
• httpd.conf (or included config files)
• VirtualHost
• Directory*
• .htaccess
*Certain restrictions apply.**
**Use .htaccess files

Directives

Directives
• RewriteEngine

Directives
• RewriteEngine
• RewriteOptions

Directives
• RewriteEngine
• RewriteOptions
• RewriteRule

Directives
• RewriteEngine
• RewriteOptions
• RewriteRule
• RewriteCond

Directives
• RewriteEngine
• RewriteOptions
• RewriteRule
• RewriteCond
• RewriteLog

Directives
• RewriteEngine
• RewriteOptions
• RewriteRule
• RewriteCond
• RewriteLog
• RewriteBase

Directives
• RewriteEngine
• RewriteOptions
• RewriteRule
• RewriteCond
• RewriteLog
• RewriteBase
• ...and more! (that we won’t cover)

Exhibit A
# Default WordPress rewrite rules
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

Exhibit A, Explained
# Default WordPress rewrite rules
# Turn rewrite engine on
RewriteEngine On
# Base all rewrites on ‘/’ URL
RewriteBase /
# If the requested file does not exist
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
# ...or if no directory exists...
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
# Rewrite the URL to /index.php
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

RewriteEngine on | off

RewriteEngine on | off
• Enables or disables the runtime rewriting engine

RewriteEngine on | off
• Enables or disables the runtime rewriting engine
• Required inside VirtualHost and .htaccess

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
• Can occur more than once
• Processed in order
• First rule processed on URL path
• Subsequent rules processed on previous output
• Think of chaining commands together in bash

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
• PCRE (Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions)

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
• PCRE (Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions)
• Matches the URL path

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
• PCRE (Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions)
• Matches the URL path
• RewriteCond required to match anything else

Regex
(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:

[t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:" .[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^
[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:". [] 000-031]+(?:
(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:
(?:rn)?[t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|
[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 0 00-
031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]| .|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:
(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|
(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(? :[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:r
n)?[ t])* (?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|
[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[t])*(?:[ ^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+
(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*
>(?:(?:rn)?[t])*)(?:,s*( ?:(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[
["()<>@,;: ".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:( ?:rn)?
[t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^
"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t ])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]
000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?
Regex
[t])*)(? :.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[
["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*))*|(?: [^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+
(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[ ]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:r
n)?[ t])*)*<(?:(?:rn) ?[t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?
=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn) ?[ t])*(?:
[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|
.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?
[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?
[ t] )*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^
[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[t])*)? (?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:
(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:". []]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?
[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?: rn)?[t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[
["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t]) *))*@(?:(?:rn)?
[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^
[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*)(?: .(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:
(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*))*>(?:( ?:
rn)?[ t])*))*)?;s*)

[t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:" .[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^
[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:". [] 000-031]+(?:
(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:
(?:rn)?[t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|
[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 0 00-
031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]| .|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:
(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|
(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(? :[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:r
n)?[ t])* (?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|
[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[t])*(?:[ ^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+
(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*
>(?:(?:rn)?[t])*)(?:,s*( ?:(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[
["()<>@,;: ".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:( ?:rn)?
[t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^
"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t ])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]
000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?
Regex
[t])*)(? :.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[
["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*))*|(?: [^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+
(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[ ]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:r
n)?[ t])*)*<(?:(?:rn) ?[t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?
=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn) ?[ t])*(?:
[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|
.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?
[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?
[ t] )*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^
[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[t])*)? (?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:
(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:". []]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?
[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?: rn)?[t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[
["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t]) *))*@(?:(?:rn)?
[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^
[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*)(?: .(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[]000-031]+(?:(?:
(RFC 822 Compliant Email Validation)
(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*))*>(?:( ?:
rn)?[ t])*))*)?;s*)

Regex ®
It’s Not That Hard™

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
Can be one of several things:

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
Can be one of several things:
• file-system path

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
Can be one of several things:
• file-system path
• URL path

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
Can be one of several things:
• file-system path
• URL path
• Absolute URL

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
Can be one of several things:
• file-system path
• URL path
• Absolute URL
• - [dash] (no substitution)

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
• Affect behavior of the Rule or Condition

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
• Affect behavior of the Rule or Condition
• Contained in square brackets

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
• Affect behavior of the Rule or Condition
• Contained in square brackets
• Comma-separated

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
• Affect behavior of the Rule or Condition
• Contained in square brackets [NC]
• Comma-separated

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
• Affect behavior of the Rule or Condition
• Contained in square brackets [NC]
• Comma-separated [NC, QSA, L]

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
C Chain this rule to the next rule
E Set environment variable
F 403 Forbidden Status
G 410 Gone Status
H Specify handler
L Don’t process rules after this one
NC Case-insensitive
QSA Append query string
R[=301] Redirect (R=HTTP Status Code)

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
C Chain this rule to the next rule
E Set environment variable
F 403 Forbidden Status
G 410 Gone Status
H Specify handler
L Don’t process rules after this one
NC Case-insensitive
QSA Append query string
R[=301] Redirect (R=HTTP Status Code)

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
C Chain this rule to the next rule
E Set environment variable
F 403 Forbidden Status
G 410 Gone Status
H Specify handler
L Don’t process rules after this one
NC Case-insensitive
QSA Append query string
R[=301] Redirect (R=HTTP Status Code)

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
C Chain this rule to the next rule
E Set environment variable
F 403 Forbidden Status
G 410 Gone Status
H Specify handler
L Don’t process rules after this one
NC Case-insensitive
QSA Append query string
R[=301] Redirect (R=HTTP Status Code)

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
C Chain this rule to the next rule
E Set environment variable
F 403 Forbidden Status
G 410 Gone Status
H Specify handler
L Don’t process rules after this one
NC Case-insensitive
QSA Append query string
R[=301] Redirect (R=HTTP Status Code)

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
C Chain this rule to the next rule
E Set environment variable
F 403 Forbidden Status
G 410 Gone Status
H Specify handler
L Don’t process rules after this one
NC Case-insensitive
QSA Append query string
R[=301] Redirect (R=HTTP Status Code)

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
C Chain this rule to the next rule
E Set environment variable
F 403 Forbidden Status
G 410 Gone Status
H Specify handler
L Don’t process rules after this one
NC Case-insensitive
QSA Append query string
R[=301] Redirect (R=HTTP Status Code)

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
C Chain this rule to the next rule
E Set environment variable
F 403 Forbidden Status
G 410 Gone Status
H Specify handler
L Don’t process rules after this one
NC Case-insensitive
QSA Append query string
R[=301] Redirect (R=HTTP Status Code)

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]
C Chain this rule to the next rule
E Set environment variable
F 403 Forbidden Status
G 410 Gone Status
H Specify handler
L Don’t process rules after this one
NC Case-insensitive
QSA Append query string
R[=301] Redirect (R=HTTP Status Code)

RewriteCond variable pattern [flags]
• HTTP Server Variables (HTTP_HOST, REQUEST_URI)
• Pattern that must match the given variable
• Optional flags that change the behavior, just like
RewriteRule

RewriteCond variable pattern [flags]

RewriteCond variable pattern [flags]
HTTP_REFERER
HTTP_HOST
REMOTE_ADDR
REQUEST_METHOD
SERVER_PORT
HTTP_USER_AGENT
REQUEST_URI
etc.

RewriteCond variable pattern [flags]
HTTP_REFERER
HTTP_HOST
REMOTE_ADDR
REQUEST_METHOD
SERVER_PORT
HTTP_USER_AGENT
REQUEST_URI
etc.

RewriteCond variable pattern [flags]
HTTP_REFERER
HTTP_HOST
REMOTE_ADDR
REQUEST_METHOD
SERVER_PORT
HTTP_USER_AGENT
REQUEST_URI
etc.

RewriteCond variable pattern [flags]
HTTP_REFERER
HTTP_HOST
REMOTE_ADDR
REQUEST_METHOD
SERVER_PORT
HTTP_USER_AGENT
REQUEST_URI
etc.

RewriteCond variable pattern [flags]
HTTP_REFERER
HTTP_HOST
REMOTE_ADDR
REQUEST_METHOD
SERVER_PORT
HTTP_USER_AGENT
REQUEST_URI
etc.

RewriteCond variable pattern [flags]
HTTP_REFERER
HTTP_HOST
REMOTE_ADDR
REQUEST_METHOD
SERVER_PORT
HTTP_USER_AGENT
REQUEST_URI
etc.

RewriteCond variable pattern [flags]
HTTP_REFERER
HTTP_HOST
REMOTE_ADDR
REQUEST_METHOD
SERVER_PORT
HTTP_USER_AGENT
REQUEST_URI
etc.

RewriteCond variable pattern [flags]
HTTP_REFERER
HTTP_HOST
REMOTE_ADDR
REQUEST_METHOD
SERVER_PORT
HTTP_USER_AGENT
REQUEST_URI
etc.

Exhibit A, Explained (Again)
# Default WordPress rewrite rules
# Turn rewrite engine on
RewriteEngine On
# Base all rewrites on ‘/’ URL
RewriteBase /
# If the requested file does not exist
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
# ...or if no directory exists...
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
# Rewrite the URL to /index.php
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

non-www to www
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
Pattern Flags
Substitution

non-www to www
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
Match this pattern
Pattern inside parentheses
is capture as variable ‘$1’

non-www to www
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
Substitute it with “http://www.example.com”

non-www to www
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
The pattern captured
inside the parentheses

non-www to www
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]

non-www to www
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
Redirect with a 301 Code

non-www to www
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
Make this the last RewriteRule

RewriteOptions inherit

RewriteOptions inherit
• Inherit the configuration of the parent

RewriteOptions inherit
• Inherit the configuration of the parent
• In per-virtual-server context, maps, conditions and rules
of the main server are inherited

RewriteOptions inherit
• Inherit the configuration of the parent
• In per-virtual-server context, maps, conditions and rules
of the main server are inherited
• In per-directory context, conditions and rules of the
parent directory's .htaccess configuration are inherited

Example

Example
in httpd.conf

Example
in httpd.conf
...
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php
...
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.120:80>
ServerName zomgbacon.com
DocumentRoot /home/bacon/public_html
# Turn on the rewrite engine and inherit any rules
RewriteEngine On
RewriteOptions Inherit
</VirtualHost>
...

RewriteBase URL-path

RewriteBase URL-path
• Sets the base URL for per-directory rewrites

RewriteBase URL-path
• Sets the base URL for per-directory rewrites
• URLs are NOT directly related to physical filename
paths

RewriteBase Example

RewriteBase Example
in .htaccess file

RewriteBase Example
in .htaccess file
#
# /abc/def/.htaccess -- per-dir config file for directory /abc/def
# Remember: /abc/def is the physical path of /xyz, i.e., the server
# has a 'Alias /xyz /abc/def' directive e.g.
#
RewriteEngine On
# let the server know that we were reached via /xyz and not
# via the physical path prefix /abc/def
RewriteBase /xyz
# now the rewriting rules
RewriteRule ^oldstuff.html$ newstuff.html

RewriteLog log-path

RewriteLog log-path
• Logs rewrites

RewriteLog log-path
• Logs rewrites
• Level of logging can be tuned

RewriteLog log-path
• Logs rewrites
• Level of logging can be tuned
• Relative paths are relative to DocumentRoot

RewriteLog log-path
• Logs rewrites
• Level of logging can be tuned
• Relative paths are relative to DocumentRoot
• Absolute paths are...well, absolute.

RewriteLogLevel level

RewriteLogLevel level
• Integer value 0-9

RewriteLogLevel level
• Integer value 0-9
• 0 == disabled

RewriteLogLevel level
• Integer value 0-9
• 0 == disabled
• 9 == log nearly everything

RewriteLogLevel level
• Integer value 0-9
• 0 == disabled
• 9 == log nearly everything
• More verbose, greater impact on performance

RewriteLogLevel level
• Integer value 0-9
• 0 == disabled
• 9 == log nearly everything
• More verbose, greater impact on performance
• Higher levels == 2 or higher for debugging only

Logging Examples

Logging Examples
in httpd.conf

Logging Examples
in httpd.conf
...
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.120:80>
ServerName zomgbacon.com
DocumentRoot /home/bacon/public_html
# /home/bacon/public_html/rewrite.log
RewriteLog rewrite.log
# Make it semi-verbose
RewriteLogLevel 5
# turn on rewrite engine and inherit rules
RewriteEngine on
RewriteOptions Inherit
</VirtualHost>
...

fin