PHYSICAL EDUCATION & TECHNOLOGY Sara Crawford - COE 503 Introduction to Qualitative Research - Dr. T. McCarty

Sara Crawford - COE 503

Introduction to Qualitative Research - Dr. T. McCarty

Nation Wide More than 10,000 schools across the country are integrating technology into Physical Education classes (Carter, 2005) .

More than 10,000 schools across the country are integrating technology into Physical Education classes (Carter, 2005) .

Nation Wide A growing number of schools are embracing a new phenomenon known as "exergaming," encouraging students to exercise using video games such as Nintendo's new Wii Fit and Dance Dance Revolution (DDR), in which players mimic dance moves on the screen, requiring constant movement. (Carter, 2005)

A growing number of schools are embracing a new phenomenon known as "exergaming," encouraging students to exercise using video games such as Nintendo's new Wii Fit and Dance Dance Revolution (DDR), in which players mimic dance moves on the screen, requiring constant movement. (Carter, 2005)

Sample of Dance Dance Revolution

Purpose Several schools in the Coldwater School District (pseudonym) are utilizing technology in the Physical Education departments to help increase physically activity and assist in their health and wellness education.

Several schools in the Coldwater School District (pseudonym) are utilizing technology in the Physical Education departments to help increase physically activity and assist in their health and wellness education.

Purpose This mini-qualitative research study will examine teacher perceptions on if and how technology has enhanced their physical education curriculum.

This mini-qualitative research study will examine teacher perceptions on if and how technology has enhanced their physical education curriculum.

Facts & Rational Many health and fitness habits begin when children are between the ages of 5 and 6, and also during adolescence (Burwinkle, Schwimmer, & Varni, 2003).

Many health and fitness habits begin when children are between the ages of 5 and 6, and also during adolescence (Burwinkle, Schwimmer, & Varni, 2003).

Facts & Rational Studies have shown that a child who is obese between the ages of 10 and 13 has an 80 % chance of becoming an obese adult (Burwinkle, et al., 2003)

Studies have shown that a child who is obese between the ages of 10 and 13 has an 80 % chance of becoming an obese adult (Burwinkle, et al., 2003)

Facts & Rational Increased weight can impact a child’s cognitive, physical, psychological, behavioral, and social health (Murna, Price, Telljohann, Dake, & Boardly, 2006).

Increased weight can impact a child’s cognitive, physical, psychological, behavioral, and social health (Murna, Price, Telljohann, Dake, & Boardly, 2006).

Short-Term Effects of Obesity Short-term effects include depression, peer rejection, low self-esteem, and even discrimination (Murna et al., 2006).

Short-term effects include depression, peer rejection, low self-esteem, and even discrimination (Murna et al., 2006).

Long-term Effects of Obesity Long-term effects may include, development of type 2 diabetes, asthma, heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, and obesity in adulthood (Murna et al., 2006).

Long-term effects may include, development of type 2 diabetes, asthma, heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, and obesity in adulthood (Murna et al., 2006).

cross-sectional appeal PE Technology

gap A great deal of research has been conducted in the area of school nutrition, exercise habits of school-aged children, and the impact of several different intervention programs for overweight children (Flores, Gbarayor, Shaya, Wang, 2008).

A great deal of research has been conducted in the area of school nutrition, exercise habits of school-aged children, and the impact of several different intervention programs for overweight children (Flores, Gbarayor, Shaya, Wang, 2008).

Gap However, further research should be conducted in the area school-based technology’s effect on children’s wellness. With the increase of technology in the 21st century, and the rise of childhood obesity, it seems that the fusion of these two topics could benefit our students

However, further research should be conducted in the area school-based technology’s effect on children’s wellness.

With the increase of technology in the 21st century, and the rise of childhood obesity, it seems that the fusion of these two topics could benefit our students

Significance The implications of this research study could be the discovery of a method that students will respond to regarding health and wellness. If it seems to be true that students acquire improved health habits through the use of technology then, it could be considered a meaningful avenue for instruction.

The implications of this research study could be the discovery of a method that students will respond to regarding health and wellness.

If it seems to be true that students acquire improved health habits through the use of technology then, it could be considered a meaningful avenue for instruction.

potential bias Researcher realizes her bias towards subject may alter the interpretation of observations Bias

Researcher realizes her bias towards subject may alter the interpretation of observations

Methods Interviews & Observations Two Schools

Why interview & observe? We interview and observe to provide access to understanding actions and generate rich descriptive data (Seidman, 2006 & Rossman & Rallis, 2003)

We interview and observe to provide access to understanding actions and generate rich descriptive data

(Seidman, 2006 &

Rossman & Rallis, 2003)

An unclear picture A great deal of research is done on schooling in the United States, yet few studies focus on the perspectives of individuals whose collective experiences constitutes schooling (Seidman, 2005).

A great deal of research is done on schooling in the United States, yet few studies focus on the perspectives of individuals whose collective experiences constitutes schooling (Seidman, 2005).

Schools Located in an urban area of Arizona The demographics in this district: Hispanic: 90% White: 4.6% Native American: 1.1% Asian: 0.4% 87 % of students receive free or reduced lunch

Located in an urban area of Arizona

The demographics in this district:

Hispanic: 90%

White: 4.6%

Native American: 1.1%

Asian: 0.4%

87 % of students receive free or reduced lunch

interviews Purpose: Discover the physical educations teachers’ perceptions of the impact that technology has had on their students’ attitudes toward physical activity Questions: 21 questions Recorded with an iPod using an external microphone attachment 45 to 60 minutes in length

Purpose:

Discover the physical educations teachers’ perceptions of the impact that technology has had on their students’ attitudes toward physical activity

Questions:

21 questions

Recorded with an iPod using an external

microphone attachment

45 to 60 minutes in length

Interview Used a combined & condensed method to interview Seidman’s 3 -Interview Series Rossman & Rallis’ approach & procedures for conducting interviews Introduction Body Summary & Closure

Used a combined & condensed method to interview

Seidman’s 3 -Interview Series

Rossman & Rallis’ approach & procedures for conducting interviews

Introduction

Body

Summary & Closure

1st portion of Interview Focused Life History Questions centered around the context of participants experiences

Focused Life History

Questions centered around the context of participants experiences

2nd portion of interview Specific questions relating to technology and instruction Allowed for reflection on the meaning of the study Ex: What is your perception on the effect that technology has on Physical Education instruction?

Specific questions relating to technology and instruction

Allowed for reflection on the meaning of the study

Ex: What is your perception on the effect that technology has on Physical Education instruction?

Observations Observe the response to technology-based instruction from students. Observe the percentage of active engagement of students. Observe types of technology based instruction 45 minute observations

Observe the response to technology-based instruction from students.

Observe the percentage of active engagement of students.

Observe types of technology based instruction

45 minute observations

Progress on study Both interviews have been conducted One classroom observation has been conducted

Both interviews have been conducted

One classroom observation has been conducted

Data Gathered Technology used in PE at two schools include: Play Station Palm Pilot Eye Toy ACTIVboard Digital Video Recording Pedometers Heart Rate Monitors Basketball Program

Technology used in PE at two schools include:

Play Station Palm Pilot

Eye Toy ACTIVboard

Digital Video Recording Pedometers

Heart Rate Monitors Basketball Program

Data Gathered Both teachers interviewed have experienced an increase in student engagement with the use of technology

Both teachers interviewed have experienced an increase in student engagement with the use of technology

Data Gathered Using technology in physical education allows for delivery of instruction through different modalities: Kinesthetic Visual Hands -Ons

Using technology in physical education allows for delivery of instruction through different modalities:

Kinesthetic

Visual

Hands -Ons

Data Gathered Both teachers are aware of the statistics relating to the rates of childhood obesity

Both teachers are aware of the statistics relating to the rates of childhood obesity

Data Gathered Observation: Level of engagement = 100%

Observation:

Level of engagement = 100%

data gathered “ PE and life has changed so much over the years. We need to take advantage of whatever we can to create that lifetime excitement about being active” Teacher 2

“ PE and life has changed so much over the years. We need to take advantage of whatever we can to create that lifetime excitement about being active” Teacher 2

WII Sports Fitness Experiment In this research Mickey DeLorenzo wanted to investigate whether engaging in daily active gaming with a Nintendo Wii would have an impact on his health and fitness.

In this research Mickey DeLorenzo wanted to investigate whether engaging in daily active gaming with a Nintendo Wii would have an impact on his health and fitness.

A Physical Education teacher says... "I think fitness and health will have resurgence in importance as people realize that their kids need to learn how to live healthy lives. If kids are going to be spending a lot of time on the computer playing games, chatting online or surfing the Internet, they may as well use technology to help their exercise plan as well." (Myers, 2005)

"I think fitness and health will have resurgence in importance as people realize that their kids need to learn how to live healthy lives. If kids are going to be spending a lot of time on the computer playing games, chatting online or surfing the Internet, they may as well use technology to help their exercise plan as well." (Myers, 2005)