Maps, mashups and metadata:geospatial standards for access and retrieval

Chris Fleet, National Library of Scotland
Maps, mashups and metadata :
geospatial standards for access and retrieval

Geo 2.0 - geospatial applications and data
Organisations
Standards Web Map Service Tile Map Service
Retrieving geo-referenced mapping - selected examples

1843 mapping mashups (January 2009) http://www.programmableweb.com/tag/mapping

Everything 2.0 - 273 Geo 2.0 initiatives http://bobstumpel.blogspot.com/search/label/GEO 2.0

2. Open source spatial organisations The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) - an international consortium of companies, government agencies and universities who collaborate to develop publicly available interface specifications. eg. Web Map Service. ( www.opengeospatial.org ) The Open Source Geospatial Foundation, or OSGeo , is a not-for-profit organisation whose mission is to support and promote the collaborative development of open geospatial technologies and data. eg. Tile Map Service. OpenLayers (openlayers.org) (www.osgeo.org )

3. Standards
OGC’s Web Map Service
(www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wms)
OSGeo’s Tile Map Service
(wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Tile_Map_Service_Specification)
KML (Keyhole Markup Language)
(code.google.com/apis/kml/documentation/)
Javascript / AJAX

3. Standards - OGC’s Web Map Service WMS defines standard protocols for requesting geo-referenced mapping as a URL string: http://geo.nls.uk/wmsconnector/com.esri.wms.Esrimap?SERVICE=WMS &VERSION=1.1.1 &REQUEST=GetMap &LAYERS=Scotland_Small,OS_Quarter,Bart_Half,OS_Popular &STYLES= &SRS=EPSG:4326 &BBOX= -9.25805308169, 54.4515932002, -0.605194997975, 60.8904036625 &WIDTH=900 &HEIGHT=900 &FORMAT=image/png &reaspect=false

3. Standards - OGC’s Web Map Service
The Google maps API can easily display an overlay through WMS requests:
// WMS Server address
var WMS_NLS = 'http://geo.nls.uk:80/wmsconnector/com.esri.wms.Esrimap?'; // Create WMSSpec var NLS = createWMSSpec(WMS_NLS, 'NLS', 'NLS', 'Scotland_Small,OS_Quarter,Bart_Half,OS_Popular,36,37,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,67,55,56,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,36,57,68,69,70', 'default','image/jpeg', "1.1.1"); // Create a transparent overlay on a Google MapSpec var G_MAP_NLS = createWMSOverlaySpec(G_NORMAL_MAP, NLS, "Historic", "Historic"); // var map = new GMap(document.getElementById("map"), mapSpecs); map.addMapType(G_MAP_NLS);

NLS WMS delivering 1930s historical mapping: (geo.nls.uk/os6inch/google.html)

Gazetteer for Scotland – mashup using NLS’ Web Map Service layers (www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/gaztitle.html)

3. Standards - OSGeo’s Tile Map Service Much faster results by pre-creating tiles using the Tile Map Service

(www.maptiler.org/google-maps-coordinates-tile-bounds-projection/)

Tiles of Bartholomew half-inch and OS Popular edition 1930s mosaics http://geo.nls.uk/maps/small/7/62/88.png

3. Standards - OSGeo’s Tile Map Service Much faster results by pre-creating tiles using the Tile Map Service Format: server-and-url/zoom/x/y.png eg. http://geo.nls.uk/maps/11/1092/1397.png Javascript in Google maps file: var tilelayer = new GTileLayer(GCopyrightCollection(''), mapMinZoom, mapMaxZoom); var mercator = new GMercatorProjection(mapMaxZoom+1); tilelayer.getTileUrl = function(tile,zoom) { if ((zoom < mapMinZoom) || (zoom > mapMaxZoom)) { return "/img/none.png"; } var ymax = 1 << zoom; var y = ymax - tile.y -1; var tileBounds = new GLatLngBounds( mercator.fromPixelToLatLng( new GPoint( (tile.x)*256, (tile.y+1)*256 ) , zoom ), mercator.fromPixelToLatLng( new GPoint( (tile.x+1)*256, (tile.y)*256 ) , zoom ) ); if (mapBounds.intersects(tileBounds)) { return zoom+"/"+tile.x+"/"+y+".png"; } else { return "/img/none.png"; } }

MapTiler - open source overlay generator (www.maptiler.org/)

MapCruncher – map geo-referencing and tiling tool (research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/projects/mapcruncher/)

(geo.nls.uk/maps/glasgow1857/openlayers.html)

Landscape, Environment & History MSc course – Edinburgh University Google maps mashup with historical NLS maps of Edinburgh

(geo.nls.uk/maps/newpopular/google.html)

(geo.nls.uk/maps/lomond_gdal/googlemaps.html)

4. Retrieving geo-referenced mapping – selected examples
Geo-referenced MARC authority records
DIGMAP
Geo-referenced source mapping
WMS Get Capabilities and TMS tilemapresource.xml
MapSynthesizer
CygNUS

USERS INFORMATION indexed database records - locations Gazetteers - eg. addresses - burghs placenames - parishes counties counties postcodes geo-referenced historical maps Maps - zoomable geographic Catalogue subject headings interface etc. / auto-geo-referencing (current and historical maps) Geographical Co-ordinates Eg. Points or Regions Geo-referenced search and retrieval using co-ordinates

4. Retrieving geo-referenced mapping
4.1. Authority records for Minnesota
Authority record for Minnesota: n 79021675
035 -- ‡a (OCoLC)oca00255473
040 -- ‡a DLC ‡b eng ‡c DLC ‡d DLC ‡d WaU
043 -- ‡a n-us-mn
151 -- ‡a Minnesota
667 -- ‡a AACR 1 form: Minnesota.
781 -0 ‡z Minnesota
034 for the bounding box would be:
034 -- ‡d W097.5000 ‡e W089.0000 ‡f N049.5000 ‡g N043.0000 $2 [code for Minnesota
Geographic Data Clearinghouse]
Authority record for Todd County, Minn.: 81093353
035 -- ‡a (OCoLC)oca00638538
040 -- ‡a DLC ‡b eng ‡c DLC ‡d WaU
043 -- ‡a n-us-mn
151 -- ‡a Todd County (Minn.)
451 -- ‡w nnaa ‡a Todd Co., Minn.
781 -0 ‡z Minnesota ‡z Todd County
034 for the bounding box would be:
034 -- ‡d W095.1400 ‡e W094.6500 ‡f N046.3800 ‡g N045.7600 $2 [code for Minnesota
Geographic Data Clearinghouse]

DIGMAP Project - Discovering our Past World with Digitised Maps eContentplus Project: 2005-8 (portal.digmap.eu/)

4. Retrieving geo-referenced mapping – selected examples
DIGMAP
Geo-referenced source mapping
WMS Get Capabilities and TMS tilemapresource.xml
MapSynthesizer
CygNUS

4. Retrieving geo-referenced mapping - WMS GetCapabilities eg. http://geo.nls.uk/wmsconnector/com.esri.wms.Esrimap/NLS?Request=GetCapabilities <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE WMT_MS_Capabilities SYSTEM "http://schemas.opengis.net/wms/1.1.1/WMS_MS_Capabilities.dtd"> <WMT_MS_Capabilities version="1.1.1"> <Service> <Name>OGC:WMS</Name> <Title>Web Map Service NLS</Title> <Abstract>ArcIMS 9.2.0 NLS Web Map Service</Abstract> <KeywordList> <Keyword>ArcIMS</Keyword> </KeywordList> <OnlineResource xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://193.130.15.4:80/wmsconnector/com.esri.wms.Esrimap/NLS?" xlink:type="simple"/> cont…

4. Retrieving geo-referenced mapping - WMS GetCapabilities <ContactInformation> <ContactPersonPrimary> <ContactPerson/> <ContactOrganization/> </ContactPersonPrimary> <ContactPosition/> <ContactAddress> <AddressType>postal</AddressType> <Address/> <City/> <StateOrProvince/> <PostCode/> <Country/> </ContactAddress> <ContactVoiceTelephone/> <ContactFacsimileTelephone/> <ContactElectronicMailAddress/> </ContactInformation> <Fees>none</Fees> cont…

4. Retrieving geo-referenced mapping - WMS GetCapabilities <Name>0</Name> <Title>Mini</Title> <SRS>EPSG:4326</SRS> <LatLonBoundingBox minx="-9.4974214273" miny="49.7666002469" maxx="3.6338914748" maxy="61.5821267789"/> </Layer> <Name>1</Name> <Title>Scotland_Small</Title> <SRS>EPSG:4326</SRS> <LatLonBoundingBox minx="-8.8991773696" miny="54.3197736752" maxx="-0.0406149313" maxy="61.0333698894"/> </Layer> cont…

4. Retrieving geo-referenced mapping – TMS tilemapresource.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <TileMap version=" 1.0.0 " tilemapservice=" http://tms.osgeo.org/1.0.0 "> <Title> Ordnance Survey 1:1056 Town Plan of Edinburgh mosaic, 1876-7 </Title> <Abstract /> <SRS> EPSG:900913 </SRS> <BoundingBox minx=" 55.92116542336204 " miny=" -3.24989585974644 " maxx=" 55.99966056322133 " maxy=" -3.12835862947301 " /> <Origin x=" 55.92116542336204 " y=" -3.24989585974644 " /> <TileFormat width=" 256 " height=" 256 " mime-type=" image/png " extension=" png " /> <TileSets profile=" mercator "> <TileSet href=" 11 " units-per-pixel=" 292.45173230329510 " order=" 11 " /> <TileSet href=" 12 " units-per-pixel=" 584.90346460659021 " order=" 12 " /> <TileSet href=" 13 " units-per-pixel=" 1169.80692921318040 " order=" 13 " /> <TileSet href=" 14 " units-per-pixel=" 2339.61385842636080 " order=" 14 " /> <TileSet href=" 15 " units-per-pixel=" 4679.22771685272160 " order=" 15 " /> <TileSet href=" 16 " units-per-pixel=" 9358.45543370544330 " order=" 16 " /> <TileSet href=" 17 " units-per-pixel=" 18716.91086741088700 " order=" 17 " /> <TileSet href=" 18 " units-per-pixel=" 37433.82173482177300 " order=" 18 " /> <TileSet href=" 19 " units-per-pixel=" 74867.64346964354600 " order=" 19 " /> <TileSet href=" 20 " units-per-pixel=" 149735.28693928709000 " order=" 20 " /> </TileSets> </TileMap>

MapSynthesizer “a prototype user interface for browsing, searching, and discovering information in a world with millions of maps online” (research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/jelson/mapcruncher/mapsynthesizer/)

‘ Connecting Your Geographies’ (CYGnus) Project - “Getting beyond the silos”

‘ Connecting Your Geographies’ (CYGnus) Project - Technical Overview http://maps.google.com/maps?q=http://cygnus.geos.ed.ac.uk/cgi_bin/cygnus.pl?CRS=EN%26x=326760%26y=672785%26sg=400%26grm=1000%26hs=150%26rcahms=150%26nls=100%26par=100

4. Retrieving geo-referenced mapping – GeoTIFF metadata
Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: c:Lomond_S_export.tif
Size is 6643, 7930
Coordinate System is:
PROJCS[" Projection Name = Transverse Mercator Units = meters GeoTIFF Units = meters",
GEOGCS["OSGB 1936",
DATUM["OSGB_1936",
SPHEROID["Airy 1830",6377563.396,299.3249646000044,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7001"]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",49],
PARAMETER["central_meridian",-2],
PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.999601272],
PARAMETER["false_easting",400000],
PARAMETER["false_northing",-100000],
UNIT["metre",1,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]]]
Origin = (228721.187000000010000,701502.853000000000000)
Pixel Size = (3.000000000000000,-3.000000000000000)
Metadata:
AREA_OR_POINT=Area
TIFFTAG_SOFTWARE=IMAGINE TIFF Support
Copyright 1991 - 1999 by ERDAS, Inc. All Rights Reserved
@(#)$RCSfile: etif.c $ $Revision: 1.10.1.9.1.9.2.11 $ $Date: 2004/09/15 18:42:01EDT $
TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION=1
TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION=1
TIFFTAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT=1 (unitless)
Image Structure Metadata:
INTERLEAVE=PIXEL
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left ( 228721.187, 701502.853) ( 4d45'34.02"W, 56d10'31.42"N)
Lower Left ( 228721.187, 677712.853) ( 4d44'39.21"W, 55d57'42.74"N)
Upper Right ( 248650.187, 701502.853) ( 4d26'19.41"W, 56d10'55.71"N)
Lower Right ( 248650.187, 677712.853) ( 4d25'30.96"W, 55d58'6.83"N)
Center ( 238685.687, 689607.853) ( 4d35'30.87"W, 56d 4'19.55"N)
Band 1 Block=64x64 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red
Band 2 Block=64x64 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green
Band 3 Block=64x64 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue

Geo-referenced map information - GeoTIFF coordinates WMS TMS Mashup Future standards ? Prioritise long-term geo-referenced map information for multiple outputs
Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: c:Lomond_S_export.tif
Size is 6643, 7930
Coordinate System is:
PROJCS[" Projection Name = Transverse Mercator Units = meters GeoTIFF Units = meters",
GEOGCS["OSGB 1936",
DATUM["OSGB_1936",
SPHEROID["Airy 1830",6377563.396,299.3249646000044,
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
etc.!

NLS Historical Map Overlays (geo.nls.uk/maps)

Maps, mashups and metadata:geospatial standards for access and retrieval

by Scottish Library & Information Council (SLIC), CILIP in Scotland (CILIPS)

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