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1. Slide 1: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Science Interactive LTD Science base multimedia CD-ROM for PC is a collection of 38 units or tools totalling over 1150 PowerPoint slides. Each unit covers a wide range of different delivery and learning styles, offering an exciting way to involve your pupils during lessons or revision sessions. All styles of teaching and learning are supported through use of high quality images, graphics, challenging exercises and questions. Units can be used in the classroom via an interactive whiteboard, data projector or used during individual study via a PC or school network. Science Interactive LTD. PO BOX 50764 LONDON NW6 9AT email: sales@science-interactive.co.uk web: www:science-interactive.co.uk Unit 1: The Digestive System Unit 20: Crude Oil and its Products Unit 2: The Circulatory System Unit 21: Rock Cycle Unit 3: Healthy Body and Immunity Unit 22: Elements, Molecules and Compounds Unit 4: The Respiratory System Unit 23: Ionic and Covalent Compounds Unit 5: Nervous System and the Senses Unit 24: The Halogens, their Uses and Compounds Unit 6: Human Homeostasis Unit 25: The Noble Gases, their Properties and Uses Unit 7: Hormones and the Endocrine System Unit 26: Rates of Reaction Unit 8: Drugs and Bad Body Maintenance Unit 27: Energy Unit 9: Photosynthesis in Green Plants Unit 28: Generating Electricity and its Domestic Use Unit 10: Water Transport in Plants Unit 29: Electricity Unit 11: Flow of Energy and Elements through the Environment Unit 30: Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Unit 12: Mitosis and Meiosis Unit 31: Radioactivity Unit 13: Inheritance and Selection Unit 32: Newton's Forces and the Effects of Forces Unit 14: Evolution and Human Impact Unit 33: Earth and Space Unit 15: Genetic Engineering Unit 34: The Earth and Plate Tectonics Unit 16: The Periodic Table and its Elements Unit 35: The Alkaline Earth Metals Unit 17: The Alkali Metals Unit 36: Sound and Hearing Unit 18: Metals and their Properties Unit 37: Natural Forces Unit 19: The Transitional Metals Unit 38: Cells, Tissue, Organs and Organs systems
2. Slide 2: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 O Zn Ag HeU H Na Cr Ag 18 Cl Be Mg Ne10 Ar 2 8 30 92 1 11 24 47 4 12 47 17 Chlorine Helium Neon Argon C Ca Au HeHe2 Hg80 10 Ti22 Kr36 36 Cu Sr Pb Al S He2 Ne Ne10 Ar 10 Ne18 Ar18 Kr 2 6 20 79 16 13 29 38 82 Krypton Helium Neon Argon Helium Neon Krypton Helium Neon Argon W K N Br 36 Fe Li Pt Rb I F9 Si S Kr36 36 Kr Kr 74 19 7 26 37 78 35 3 53 14 16 Fluorine Krypton Krypton Krypton Unit 16  The Periodic Table 
3. Slide 3: Unit 16: The Periodic Table Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Understand: Keywords: Element, Periodic, Table, Groups, Periods, That an element is a pure substance containing 1. only one type of atom. Allotrope, Isotope, Metals, Non metals, That there are over 100 elements found in the 2. Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, periodic table. Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Aluminium, That these elements are located in eight distinct 3. Iron, Titanium, Iron, Gold, Silver, Gold, groups and five distinct periods in the modern Mercury, Platinum, Lead, Sulphur, Carbon, periodic table. Oxygen, Nitrogen & Lead. That elements can exists as different isotopes 4. and allotropes. That each element has its own unique relative 5. atomic mass. The physical and chemical properties of group I 6. elements, the alkaline metals. The physical and chemical properties of group II 7. metals, the alkaline earth metals. The physical and chemical properties of group 8. VII elements, the halogens. The physical and chemical properties of group 9. VIII elements, the Noble gases. 10. The physical properties of the transitional metals. Click mouse to begin Science Interactive LTD PO BOX 50764 LONDON NW6 9AT web: www.science-interactive.co.uk email: sales@science-interactive.co.uk
4. Slide 4: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 The periodic table one Elements in the periodic table are arranged by their atomic number which is determined by the number of protons each element contains. Using this rule gives rise to g_______ of elements with similar chemical and physical properties. There are eight distinct groups of elements, for example group one elements are the reactive alkaline metals. There are also 30 elements known as the transitional metals. There are five periods or rows. Each e__________ has its own unique symbol which is used all over the World to save time. Find the symbols for the following elements: Sodium, Gold, Iron, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Neon ? The periodic table: Word bank: group element The periodic table (Look at the metallic, non metallic and semi metallic elements) Describing elements Each element has its own The Alkaline Metals H He symbol, atomic number and The Alkaline Earth Metals 1 2 Metals atomic mass. The symbol for Semi Metallic Elements I II III IV V VI VII VIII each element is unique. This Non-Metals Li Be B C N O F Ne is not always the first letter The Halogens 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The Noble Gases of the element. Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 12 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 K Ca Kr Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br 19 20 36 12 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Atomic mass Rb Sr Xe Mo Y Zr Nb Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In S Sb Te I C Symbol 37 38 42 54 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Cs Ba Hg La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn Atomic number 6 55 56 80 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 81 82 83 84 85 86 Fr Ra 87 88 There are over 100 elements in the periodic table. There are eight groups, the transitional metals and five periods or rows in the periodic table. Each vertical group of elements have very similar chemical and physical properties because of their similar electronic configuration (electrons in shells)
5. Slide 5: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Understanding materials one All materials, c___________ or chemicals are made from matter or atoms of elements. There are just over 100 elements in the periodic table that combine together in different ways to give rise to all the different types of materials that we use and see every day. Some materials are extremely simple, containing only one or two different e__________, where as others like biological molecules contain many different types of elements. What is the definition of a pure substance ? Materials and what they contain: Word bank: compounds elements Sand Human Water Diamond Diagram Sand found on beaches Humans contain many Water, without which Diamond, the hardest Notes everywhere is made thousands of complex life would not exist is known substance is from two elements: molecules, made from made from two elements: made from one type of the following elements: element: Hydrogen, Iron Oxygen Silicon and Oxygen Hydrogen and Oxygen Carbon Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus
6. Slide 6: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Understanding materials two Atoms of different elements found in the p_________ table are the building blocks of all materials. There are over 30 million materials made from just over 100 elements. In iron, all the atoms are the same, because iron is an element. In a material like steel, all the atoms are not the same. Steel contains iron atoms, carbon atoms and other metals atoms like chromium and nickel. Iron, the pure element is like any other metal, but it rusts, combining readily with o________ and water. Steel which does not rust is also much stronger. That’s why we use the majority of iron for making steel. What is a metal alloy and give two examples ? Materials and what they contain: Word bank: periodic oxygen Iron Steel Glass Tungsten Diagram Iron extracted from Steel is stronger and Glass a transparent non Tungsten extracted from Notes iron ore is a pure more rust resistant than absorbent material used tungsten oxide is a pure element containing iron because it also in windows and glasses element containing only only one type of atom: contains the elements: contains the elements: one type of atom: Iron. Iron, Carbon, Nickel & Calcium oxygen & Tungsten Chromium. silicon.
7. Slide 7: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Understanding elements Each element has an internationally recognised symbol and unique atomic and mass number. Atoms of different elements like sodium (reactive group I metal) and chlorine (reactive group VII non metal gas) are all made from three identical sub atomic particles. Elements are made from e_________, protons and neutrons. The only difference between elements is the number of each sub atomic particle. Therefore, the number of electrons, protons and neutrons each element contains determines all their physical and chemical properties. What makes a reactive metal like s_______, simply 11 electrons and protons and 12 neutrons. What makes a reactive gas like chlorine, simply 17 electrons and protons and 20 neutrons and that’s it !! Elements: Word bank: electrons sodium Mercury Gold Oxygen Sulphur Diagram Particle diagram Notes Mercury atoms Gold atoms Oxygen molecules Sulphur atoms
8. Slide 8: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Understanding isotopes of atoms Some elements like carbon and hydrogen have naturally occurring isotopes. Atoms of isotopes like hydrogen are made up of atoms of different m_______. The number of protons in isotopes of the same element is always identical, but the number of n________ is different. Isotopes of the same element have identical chemical properties, because their e__________ are arranged in the same way. How could we separate different isotopes of the same element ? Isotopes of atoms: Word bank: masses neutrons electrons Isotope Hydrogen Deuterium Tritium Common radioactive isotopes Diagram Isotope Symbol Radiation type 240 Pu 94 Alpha Plutonium240 Technetium98 98 Gamma Te 52 Hydrogen Deuterium Tritium Neutrons 6 _____ ? 8 Uranium238 238 Alpha U 92 Protons 6 _____ ? 6 Radium228 Electrons 6 _____ ? 6 Beta 228 Ra 88 Electron 2,4 _____ ? 2,4 configuration
9. Slide 9: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Understanding allotropes of atoms Some non-metals like metals can also build giant structures by sharing electrons. In these structures, every atom is joined to the next atom by a very strong c_________ bond. These examples of giant covalent structures have different properties to simple covalent molecules. They are very hard and have high melting and boiling points. For example, there are three forms of c________: Diamond, Graphite and Buckminster fullerene. Each allotrope of carbon is unique. Explain why diamond is the hardest substance on Earth ? Allotropes of carbon: Word bank: covalent carbon Buckminster fullerene Diamond Graphite Hardest natural substance. Each Conducts electricity and allows Can trap molecules inside or be atom is held in place by 3 other electrons to flow between its layers. stretched into fibres to make modern carbon atoms. Highly expensive, Used a an un-reactive conductor of materials. These C60 balls are valued for its rarity and refraction of electricity. Used in pencils to write stretched to make carbon fibre. They light. Costs up to £4,000 per carat for with. The soft layers are left on the are used in tennis rackets, bike frames a flawless diamond. paper. and F1 racing cars
10. Slide 10: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Relative atomic mass one Each e_________ in the periodic table has a unique atomic number and relative atomic mass. We can use the atomic number and mass number to build a complete picture of an atom. The atomic number of an atom tells us the number of protons found in element’s nucleus. Subtracting the atomic number from the m______ number gives the number of neutrons. In an uncharged element the number of protons equals the number of electrons. Work through the four examples below, giving the number of neutrons, protons and electrons ? Atomic mass: Word bank: element mass Element Lithium Carbon Oxygen Calcium Diagram 40 12 16 7 C O Ca Li 6 8 3 20 3P+ 6P+ 8P+ 20P+ 4N 6N 8N 20N 3E- 6E- 8E- 20E- Lithium Carbon Oxygen Calcium Mass Seven Twelve ____________ ? ____________ ? Number Atomic Three Six _____________ ? Number ____________ ?
11. Slide 11: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Relative atomic mass two Single atoms have a very s_______, almost negligible mass. The mass is so small that it makes it impossible to use in calculations. Instead, an element’s mass is compared with other elements. Relative atomic masses has been calculated for all elements, so that we can compare the mass of one element relative to another. For example: hydrogen has a mass of one on this scale, h________ is four times heavier, at four. Carbon is twelve times heavier, at twelve. Link the relative atomic mass of an element with the number of protons and neutrons that each element contains. Why do electrons appear not to contribute to the mass of an element ? Comparing masses of elements: Word bank: small helium Element Hydrogen Helium Carbon Magnesium Diagram 24 4 12 1 C 2 He H Mg 6 1 12 1P+ 2P+ 12P+ 6P+ 1E- 12N 2N 6N 2E- 6E- 12E- Hydrogen Helium Carbon Magnesium Mass One Four Twelve Twenty four Number Hydrogen r fou Equivalents ty e elv n one r twe fou tw
12. Slide 12: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Elements and electron shells one The atomic number of an element also tells us the number of electrons that an element has. These electrons are arranged in s_______ or orbits around the positive nucleus. These shells are also sometimes called e_______ levels. Electrons start filling the inner shell first. The inner shell contains two electrons. The next two shells each contain eight electrons. The fourth shell can contain up to eighteen electrons. Look at the first six elements: Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron and Carbon. How do the number of electrons found in the element’s outer shell relate to their position in the period table ? Elements and electron shells one Word bank: shells energy Elements one to six Hydrogen Helium Lithium 4 7 1 He Li H 2 3 1 1P+ 3P+ 2P+ 2N 1E- 4N 2E- 3E- Beryllium Boron Carbon 11 12 9 B C Be 5 6 4 4P+ 5P+ 6P+ 5N 6N 6N 4E- 5E- 6E-
13. Slide 13: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Elements and electron shells two As the atomic number of an element increases, so do the number of electrons. When each electron shell is f_______ a new one begins to fill with electrons. It is the electron arrangement of an element that determines its c__________ properties. During chemical reactions, elements either gain, lose or share their electrons. Find out the difference in what happens to electrons during the formation of an ionic and covalent product ? Elements and electron shells two Word bank: filled chemical Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium 14 19 20 16 23 24 27 N O F Ne Na Mg Al 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium 28 40 39 35 40 31 32 Si P S Cl Ar K Ca 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
14. Slide 14: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Physical properties of the alkaline metals one Group I of the periodic table contains a family of very reactive metals known as the alkaline metals. This group of e________ contains lithium, sodium, potassium and rubidium. They are not found in their pure state like gold, but are found tied up in ionic compounds. These metal elements have relatively low melting or boiling points and densities, when compared to transitional m______ like copper, iron and titanium. Name two compounds that contain sodium and potassium ? The alkaline metals: Word bank: elements metals Position of the alkaline metals The alkaline metals Diagram Li Na K Rb 3 11 19 37 Found in group I of the periodic table, all The alkaline metals have similar chemical properties Notes the alkaline metals have one electron in because they all have one electron in their outer shell. their outermost shell. Losing this single Their reactivity and atom size (radius) increases as electron to other non-metal atoms you descend the group from lithium to rubidium. completely empties their outer shell Their melting and boiling points rise as you descend making the ion of the atom stable. the group.
15. Slide 15: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Physical properties of the alkaline metals two The group I elements, the alkaline metals are all reactive metals able to form ionic compounds with other non-metals like chlorine. They have similar p_______ and chemical properties. They all have a typical shiny metallic appearance when freshly cut, but all tarnish within minutes of contact with air. They all have to be stored under o____ so they don’t react with either oxygen or water vapour. Like all metals, they are good conductors of heat and electricity, but they have low melting and boiling points. Give a definition of an ionic and covalent compound ? Physical properties of group I alkaline metals: Word bank: physical oil Element Symbol Formula Atom Electron configuration Shared group I properties All are reactive metals, Lithium Li 2,1 tarnish in air and have to be Li 3 Li Be Li Be Li Be stored under oil. All form ions carrying a +1 plus charge Li+, Na+, K+ Sodium Na Na 2,8,1 All are less dense than water 11 Na Mg Rb Na Mg and react vigorously to form Rb hydroxides with alkaline pHs. Na Mg Rb Potassium K K All react with non-metals to 19 2,8,8,1 form ionic salts with similar K Ca formulas (e.g. Lithium Li Be K chloride LiCl) Ca Rubidium Sr Rb All are soft and can be cut Rb 37 2,8,8,18,1 with a knife. Na Mg Rb Sr K Ca
16. Slide 16: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Properties and uses of lithium Lithium is a shiny soft reactive metal. Lithium is the least reactive group I metal. Lithium compounds are found in a wide range of uses including long life batteries, similar to those used in pacemakers. Lithium is also used in psychiatric drugs to control the behaviour of patients suffering from aggressive psychosis. Lithium reacts readily with o_______, water and acid forming ionic salt compounds which are white, alkaline and highly soluble. Lithium gives a r____ flame when combusted in oxygen Find out about other uses of lithium or its compounds ? Properties and uses of lithium: Word bank: oxygen red Lithium Metallic structure Lithium batteries Anti psychotic drugs Li Na K Rb 3 11 19 37 Lithium is a shiny silver metal, which Lithium is the least reactive group I alkaline metal. Lithium is easy to cut with a low density. compounds have many uses including batteries found in mobile Atoms are held in a metallic structure. phones, calculators and heart pacemakers. Lithium is also used as Lithium is a good conductor of heat an antipsychotic drug. It has an effect in the human body to lower and electricity. The symbol of lithium the activity of the brain and is often called a chemical is Li. straightjacket.
17. Slide 17: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Properties and uses of sodium Sodium is a shiny soft reactive metal. Sodium is the second least reactive group I metal. Sodium compounds are found in a wide range of chemicals or uses including sodium found in table s_____ or sodium chloride. It is also used in ‘sodium vapour lights’ found in street lighting. Sodium reacts readily with oxygen, water and acid forming ionic salt compounds which are white, alkaline and highly soluble. Sodium gives an o_______ flame when combusted in oxygen. Find out about other uses of sodium or its compounds ? Properties and uses of sodium: Word bank: salt orange Sodium Metallic structure Sodium vapour lamps Sodium in sodium chloride Na K Rb 11 19 37 Sodium is a shiny silver metal, which Sodium is the second most reactive group I alkaline metal. is easy to cut with a low density. Sodium is used in sodium vapour lights. This characteristic Atoms are held in a metallic structure. orange light helps light our streets at night. Sodium is also found Sodium is a good conductor of heat in table salt or sodium chloride. Too much salt in our diets will and electricity. The symbol of sodium lead to high blood pressure and the increased risk of is Na. cardiovascular disease.
18. Slide 18: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Properties and uses of potassium Potassium is a shiny soft reactive metal. Potassium is the third most reactive group I metal. Potassium compounds are found in a wide range of chemicals or uses including soluble potassium ions essential for healthy p______ growth. Potassium reacts readily with oxygen, water and acid forming ionic salt compounds which are white, alkaline and highly soluble. Potassium gives a l_______ flame when combusted in oxygen. Find out about other uses of potassium or its compounds ? Properties and uses of potassium: Word bank: plant lilac Potassium Metallic structure Potassium in fertilisers Potassium in bananas K Rb 1 19 37 Potassium is a shiny silver metal, Potassium is the third most reactive group I alkaline metal. It is which is easy to cut with a low available in schools and needs to kept under oil in a locked metal density. Atoms are held in a metallic cabinet. Potassium is found in fertilisers, and is used by plants for structure. Potassium is a good healthy growth. Without potassium, plants would have yellow conductor of heat and electricity. The leaves and stunted growth. Bananas are also rich in potassium and symbol of potassium is K. are good for you.
19. Slide 19: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Properties and uses of rubidium Rubidium is a shiny silver soft reactive metal. Rubidium is the most reactive and dangerous group I metal. It is so reactive that schools cannot use it in their laboratories. Rubidium compounds are found in a wide range of chemicals or uses including rubidium used in psychiatric drugs to control the behaviour of patients suffering from aggressive psychosis. Find out about any other uses of rubidium ? Properties and uses of rubidium: Rubidium Metallic structure Mental illness in Humans Sedative Drugs and rubidium Rb 37 Rubidium is a shiny metal which is a Rubidium is the most reactive and dangerous of the group I liquid at room temperature. Atoms are alkaline metals. It is so reactive that schools cannot use it in their held in a metallic structure. Rubidium laboratories. It is kept in sealed vials to prevent it making contact is a good conductor of heat and with oxygen or water. Rubidium, like lithium is found in strong electricity. The symbol for rubidium sedative drugs like valium and librium. These drugs have a is Rb. sedative effect on the patient, reducing anxiety and stress.
20. Slide 20: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Physical properties of the Alkaline Earth metals one Group II of the periodic table contains a family of moderately r_________ metals known as the Alkaline Earth metals. This group contains Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium and Strontium. They are not found in their pure state like gold, but are found tied up in ionic compounds. They have relatively low melting and boiling points and densities, when compared to transitional metals like c________, iron and titanium. Name two compounds that contain calcium and magnesium ? The Alkaline Earth metals: Word bank: reactive copper Position of the Alkaline Earth metals The Alkaline Earth metals Diagram Be Mg Ca Sr 4 12 20 38 Found in group II of the periodic table, all The Alkaline Earth metals have similar chemical Notes the Alkaline Earth metals have two properties because they all have two electrons in their electrons in their outermost shell. Losing outer shell. Their reactivity with non metals increases both electrons to other non-metal atoms as you descend the group along with the size of their completely empties their outer shell atoms. Their melting and boiling points also rise as making the ion of the atom stable. you descend the group.
21. Slide 21: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Physical properties of the Alkaline Earth metals two The group II elements, the Alkaline Earth metals are all reactive metals (except beryllium), able to form ionic compounds with non-metals like chlorine. They have similar physical and chemical properties. They have a typically s_______ metallic appearance when freshly cut, but all tarnish with time. They all have to be stored under oil (except beryllium and magnesium) so they don’t react with either o_________ or water vapour. Like all metals, they are good conductors of heat and electricity, but they have relatively low melting and boiling points. Physical properties of group II Alkaline Earth metals: Word bank: shiny oxygen Element Symbol Formula Atom Electron configuration Shared group II properties. All except beryllium and Beryllium Be 2,2 magnesium are reactive, are Be 4 Li Be Li Be able to tarnish in air and have Li Be to be stored under oil. All form ions carrying +2 Magnesium Mg Mg charge. Mg2+, Ca2+. 2,8,2 12 Na Mg Rb Li Be Na Mg All react with non-metals to Rb Na Mg Rb form ionic salts with similar formulae (CaCl2 & MgCl2) Calcium Na Mg Rb Ca Ca Magnesium and beryllium 20 2,8,8,2 K are used because of their Ca K high strength to weight ratio. Ca The calcium ion (Ca2+) is K Strontium Ca Sr Sr Sr extremely important for teeth K 38 2,8,8,18,2 Ca Sr and bone formation. Sr
22. Slide 22: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Properties and uses of beryllium Beryllium is a shiny, silver and un-reactive metal with a very high strength to weight ratio. Beryllium is the least reactive group II metal. Beryllium is very expensive because, like gold it is rare. This metal is used to build s________ and aircraft parts because it is so light and strong. The cost of beryllium is over £10,000 per kilogram. Unlike other Alkaline Earth metals, beryllium does not readily react with oxygen, w_______ or laboratory acids. Beryllium gives a blue flame when combusted in oxygen Give a definition of an ionic and covalent compound ? Properties and uses of beryllium: Word bank: satellite water Beryllium Metallic structure Beryllium in emeralds Satellites Be 4 Beryllium is a shiny silver metal, with Beryllium is the least reactive group II Alkaline Earth metal. an extremely high strength to weight Beryllium does not easily form ionic compounds with other non ratio. Atoms are held in a metallic metals. Beryllium is an extremely light and strong metal and is structure. Beryllium is a good used in the satellite industry. This is to save weight. It is also very conductor of heat and electricity. The costly at over £10,000 per kilogram. This is because it is very symbol of beryllium is Be. rare.
23. Slide 23: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Properties and uses of magnesium Magnesium is a shiny, hard and moderately reactive metal. Magnesium is the second least reactive group II metal. Magnesium can be used as a metal for the manufacture of lightweight car components and b_______ frames. Magnesium is an extremely light and strong metal. Magnesium was also used in incendiary bombs which caused widespread damage to German cities in WWII. Magnesium carbonate is used as an i___________ remedy as it neutralises excessive stomach acid. Magnesium gives an white flame when combusted in oxygen. Properties and uses of magnesium: Word bank: bike indigestion Magnesium Metallic structure Incendiary bombs Magnesium frames Mg 12 Magnesium is a shiny silver metal, with Magnesium is the second most reactive group II Alkaline Earth an moderately high strength to weight metal. Magnesium is used to build lightweight components for the ratio. Atoms are held in a metallic car industry as well as bike frames. Powdered magnesium will structure. Magnesium is a good readily combust giving an intense white flame. Magnesium conductor of heat and electricity. The incendiary bombs were dropped on Germany during the second symbol of Magnesium is Mg. World war.
24. Slide 24: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Properties and uses of calcium Calcium is a shiny, soft and reactive metal. Calcium is the third most reactive group II metal. Calcium compounds are found in a wide range of chemicals or uses including calcium carbonate which is used by all mammals to build b_______ and teeth. Calcium carbonate is also the main mineral found in three types of rock, marble, chalk and limestone. Milk and dairy products are very rich in the calcium ion, Ca+2. Calcium gives a reddish o_________ flame when combusted in oxygen. Properties and uses of calcium: Word bank: bones orange Calcium Metallic structure Marble (CaCO3) Milk Ca 20 Calcium is a shiny grey metal with a low Calcium is the third most reactive group II Alkaline Earth metal. strength to weight ratio. Most calcium is It is available in schools and needs to kept under oil in a locked found in calcium carbonate. Atoms are metal cabinet. Calcium is used by humans in calcium carbonate held in a metallic structure. Calcium is a to build teeth and bones. Calcium found in calcium carbonate is good conductor of heat and electricity. also found in three rocks types named marble, limestone and The symbol of calcium is Ca. chalk.
25. Slide 25: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Properties and uses of strontium Strontium is a shiny, silver, soft and reactive metal. Strontium is the most r________ group II metal. Strontium compounds are found in a wide range of chemicals or uses including those that give a vibrant r____ colour to fireworks. It is so reactive that schools cannot have a sample in their laboratories. It is kept in sealed vials to prevent it making contact with oxygen or water. Strontium gives a strong red flame when combusted in oxygen. Properties and uses of strontium: Word bank: reactive red Strontium Metallic structure Strontium in fireworks Sr 38 Strontium is a shiny grey metal and is Strontium is the most reactive and dangerous of the group II the most reactive Alkaline Earth metal. Alkaline Earth metals. It is so reactive that schools cannot have Atoms are held in a metallic structure. samples in their laboratories. It is kept in sealed vials to prevent it Strontium is a good conductor of heat making contact with oxygen or water. Strontium compounds are and electricity. The symbol of used in fireworks like the ones used on bonfire night to give a strontium is Sr. bright red colour.
26. Slide 26: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Physical properties of the halogens one Group VII of the periodic table contains a family of very r________ non-metals known as the halogens. This group contains fluorine, a pale yellow gas, chlorine a pale green gas, bromine a dark brown liquid and iodine a dark purple solid. They are not found in their pure state like gold, but are found tied up in c________ or ionic compounds. They have low melting and boiling points and do not conduct electricity at all. Give a use for the chloride and fluoride ion ? The halogens: Word bank: reactive covalent Position of the halogens The halogens Diagram I Br F Cl 53 35 9 17 Fluorine Chlorine Found in group VII of the periodic table, The halogens have similar chemical properties because Notes all the halogens have seven electrons in they all have seven electrons in their outer shell. Their their outermost electron shell. They are colour darkens as you descend the group from fluorine therefore just one short of a full outer a pale yellow gas to iodine a dark purple solid. Their shell. This is what makes them reactive melting and boiling points also rise as you descend the with other elements. group.
27. Slide 27: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Physical properties of the halogens two The group VII elements, the halogens are all reactive non-metals, able to form both ionic and covalent compounds with other elements. They have similar physical and chemical properties. They are all diatomic m_________. As you descend the group their colour deepens from pale yellow to dark purple. Their melting and b__________ points also increase with fluorine and chlorine being a gas, bromine a liquid and iodine a solid at room temperature. Give a definition of an ionic and covalent compound ? Physical properties of group VII halogens: Word bank: molecules boiling Boiling point State at room temperature Element Symbol Formula Electron configuration Colour F Fluorine F F Gas 9 -188oC 2,7 F w llo Br I 2 Ye Fluorine Chlorine Cl Cl Gas 17 -34oC 2,8,7 en Cl 2 re F Br I G Chlorine Bromine Br Br Liquid 59oC 2,8,18,7 35 n Br I ow 2 Br F Iodine Cl I I Cl Solid 337oC 53 2,8,18,18, le Br I rp 2 7 Pu
28. Slide 28: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Properties and uses of fluorine Fluorine is a pale yellow diatomic gas. Two atoms of fluorine form a covalent molecule, where the atoms share a pair of electrons. Fluorine is the most reactive halogen. Fluorine is found in a wide range of chemicals including teflon a non stick inert coating for kitchen equipment like s_________. Small amounts of fluoride is found in toothpaste, to reduce bacteria in our mouths. Fluorine is also used in CFCs, a refrigerant now banned because of its effects on the o_______ layer. Find out about other uses of fluorine and its compounds ? Properties and uses of fluorine: Word bank: saucepans ozone Fluorine Diatomic gas Non-stick Fluoride Refrigerants F 9 F F Fluorine Fluorine is a pale yellow Fluorine is the most reactive and dangerous of the halogens. It diatomic gas. Two atoms of was used during the first world war to make mustard gas which bond, sharing Brwhen inhaled would destroy your lungs within minutes. Fluorine fluorine covalentlyBr I I two electrons. The formula of forms an extremely stable non-stick compound called teflon. Developed by NASA scientists, it now coats millions of frying fluorine is F2. Fluorine is the pans and artificial implants like hip replacement joints. most reactive halogen.
29. Slide 29: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Properties and uses of chlorine Chlorine is a pale green diatomic gas. Two atoms of chlorine form a covalent molecule, where the atoms share a pair of electrons. Chlorine is the second most reactive halogen. Chlorine is found in a wide range of chemicals including bleach, a disinfectant used to clean surfaces, f______Fand toilets. Small amounts of chloride is added to drinking water F to kill any remaining b_________. Chlorine is also found in sodium chloride or table salt (excessive salt in the diet leads to high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems) Find out about other uses of chlorine and its compounds ? Properties and uses Br chlorine:Br of I I Word bank: floors bacteria Chlorine Diatomic gas Chlorination Bleach Salt Cl 17 Cl Cl Chlorine Chlorine is a pale green diatomic Chlorine gas is very dangerous if inhaled but in small gas. Two atoms of chlorine amounts it is extremely useful. Since we have chlorinated covalently bond sharing two our drinking water, our life expectancy has risen electrons. The formula of dramatically over the decades. It is also added to chlorine is Cl2. Chlorine is the swimming pools in higher concentrations to kill bacteria. Chlorine is also found in salt or sodium chloride (NaCl) second most reactive halogen.
30. Slide 30: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Properties and uses of bromine Bromine is a dark brown diatomic liquid. Two atoms of bromine form a covalent molecule, where the atoms share a pair of e________. Bromine is the third most reactive halogen. Bromine is found in a wide range of chemicals including pesticides, which when sprayed on crops kills pests like locusts. Halon f______ extinguishers contain bromine which extinguishes small fires that cannot be put out using powder or water. Small amounts of bromine are added to plastics to prevent their decomposition by bacteria. This is useful for plastics that are used over long periods of time. Find out about other uses of bromine and its compounds ? Properties and uses of bromine: Word bank: electrons fire F F Bromine Diatomic liquid Pesticides Fire extinguishes Plastics Br 35 Br Br I I Bromine is a brownish diatomic Bromine is a very toxic brown liquid, but it does have several uses. Bromine toxicity is used to kill pests that destroy crops. liquid. Two atoms of bromine Cl Cl Bromine is also used in fire extinguishers. It works by covalently bond, sharing two reacting with the oxygen, therefore preventing further electrons. The formula of combustion. Bromine is also added to plastics so that bacteria bromine is Br2. Bromine is the and moulds do not rot or decompose them. third most reactive halogen
31. Slide 31: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Properties and uses of iodine Iodine is a dark purple diatomic solid. Two atoms of iodine covalently bond sharing two electrons. Iodine is the l_______ reactive halogen. Iodine is found in high concentrations in certain seaweeds and in salt water. Iodine is used by the thyroid gland to make the h_________ thyroxin. Humans require small amounts of iodine in their diets. If iodine is lacking in the diet then goitre, a disease of the thyroid gland can develop. Iodine is also used to sterilise skin prior to surgical operations. Why don’t surgeons use bleach to sterilise the skin ? Properties and uses of iodine: Word bank: least hormone Iodine Diatomic solid Goitre Thyroid Sterilisation F F I53 Br Br I I Iodine is used by the human thyroid gland in order to produce Iodine is a deep purple diatomic thyroxine, an essential hormone. If your diet is poor in iodine, you solid. Two atoms of iodine Cl Cl may develop goitre which is a medical condition where your covalently bond sharing two thyroid becomes enlarged. Iodine is also used to sterilise your skin electrons. The formula of iodine prior to major surgery. It kills the bacteria on your skin. Explain is I2. Iodine is the least reactive why halogens, like iodine have an antiseptic effect ? halogen.
32. Slide 32: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Physical properties of the Noble gases one Group VIII of the periodic table contains a family of very stable non-metals known as the Noble gases. This group contains h________, neon, argon and krypton. They are all monatomic colourless gases. All but helium are found in low quantities in our atmosphere. Helium is found trapped under the bedrock along with deposits of n_________ gas. Helium is so light that the Earth’s gravity is not strong enough to keep it in our atmosphere. Eventually we will run out of helium as it escapes the Earth’s gravitational pull. Give two uses helium and neon ? The Noble gases: Word bank: helium natural Position of the Noble gases The Noble gases Diagram He He2 22 He HeNe10 NeAr1818 Ne10 10 ArAr Kr36 Ne 2 1018 Helium HeliumNeon Neon Argon Argon Helium Helium Neon Neon Argon Krypton Found in group VIII of the periodic table, The Noble gases have similar chemical and physical Notes Kr Kr3636they Kr36 Kr properties because36 all have eight electrons in their all the Noble gases have eight electrons in their outermost electron shell. They all outer shell. They are all colourless monatomic gases therefore have a full outer shell. This is which do not form ionic or covalent compounds with what makes them very stable monatomic any other elements. They also have extremely low gases. melting and boiling points. Krypton Krypton Krypton Krypton
33. Slide 33: Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005 Physical properties of the Noble gases two The group VIII elements, the Noble gases are all colourless gases unable to form ionic and c_______ compounds with other elements. They have similar physical and chemical properties. They are all monatomic gases. They have extremely low melting and boiling points which increase slightly as you descend the group. Although they are very s______ they do have many important uses. Why is helium used in airships rather than hydrogen which provides more lift ? Physical properties of group VIII Noble gases: Word bank: covalent stable Symbol Melting point State at room temperature Element Formula Electron configuration Colour He Helium He2 He Ne10 Ar18 s les Gas -272oC 2 Ne r He ou l Co He Helium Neon Argon Neon Kr36 Ne s He2 Ne10 Ar18 les Gas -210oC 2,8 Ne ur Kr I Ne lo Co Krypton Helium Neon Argon He Argon Kr36 s Ar He2 Ne10 Ar18 les Gas 2,8,8 -189oC r Ar ou I Kr l Ne Co Krypton Kr I Helium Neon Argon Krypton Kr