Pragmatic DSL Design with Xtext, Xbase and Xtend 2

Pragmatic DSL Design withSven Efftinge (itemis) / Sebastian Zarnekow (itemis) / Jan Köhnlein (itemis)

The plan for today :

The plan for today :1. Xtext 2.0 What is Xtext and what’s new in 2.0? Hands-On : Develop a DSL.

The plan for today :1. Xtext 2.0 What is Xtext and what’s new in 2.0? Hands-On : Develop a DSL.2. Xbase What’s that and why should I care? Hands-On : Play with it and integrate it in a DSL.

The plan for today :1. Xtext 2.0 What is Xtext and what’s new in 2.0? Hands-On : Develop a DSL.2. Xbase What’s that and why should I care? Hands-On : Play with it and integrate it in a DSL.3. Xtend Yet another language? Are you serious? Hands-On :Write a codegenerator with Xtend.

What is ?

Eclipse Project

IDE Framework

Language Framework

(Domain-Speciﬁc)Language Framework

UsersUsers

Eclipse IDE Framework (JFace Text, etc.)

Java Development Tools (JDT)Eclipse IDE Framework (JFace Text, etc.)

Java Development Tools (JDT)Eclipse IDE Framework (JFace Text, etc.) Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF)

Java Development Tools (JDT) Antlr Parser GeneratorEclipse IDE Framework (JFace Text, etc.) Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF)

is Highly Adaptable

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Syntax Coloring

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Syntax Coloring Wizards

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by DefaultContent Assist Syntax Coloring Wizards

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by DefaultContent Assist Syntax Coloring Code Folding Wizards

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by DefaultContent Assist Find References Syntax Coloring Code Folding Wizards

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Global IndexingContent Assist Find References Syntax Coloring Code Folding Wizards

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Go To Declaration Global IndexingContent Assist Find References Syntax Coloring Code Folding Wizards

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Go To Declaration Global IndexingContent Assist Find References Syntax Coloring Code Folding Wizards Bracket Matching

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Go To Declaration Global IndexingContent Assist Find References Syntax Coloring Auto Editing Code Folding Wizards Bracket Matching

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Go To Declaration Global IndexingContent Assist Find References Syntax ColoringIncremental Builders Auto Editing Code Folding Wizards Bracket Matching

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Go To Declaration Global IndexingContent Assist Outline View Find References Syntax ColoringIncremental Builders Auto Editing Code Folding Wizards Bracket Matching

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Go To Declaration Global IndexingContent Assist Outline View Find ReferencesIncremental Builders Validation Syntax Coloring Auto Editing Code Folding Wizards Bracket Matching

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Go To Declaration Template Proposals Global IndexingContent Assist Outline View Find ReferencesIncremental Builders Validation Syntax Coloring Auto Editing Code Folding Wizards Bracket Matching

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Go To Declaration Template Proposals Global IndexingContent Assist Outline View Quick Fixes Find ReferencesIncremental Builders Validation Syntax Coloring Auto Editing Code Folding Wizards Bracket Matching

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Refactoring Go To Declaration Template Proposals Global IndexingContent Assist Outline View Quick Fixes Find ReferencesIncremental Builders Validation Syntax Coloring Auto Editing Code Folding Wizards Bracket Matching

Advanced Language-Speciﬁc Editing Features by Default Refactoring Go To Declaration Template Proposals Global IndexingContent Assist Outline View Quick Fixes Find ReferencesIncremental Builders Validation Syntax Coloring Rich Hovers Auto Editing Code Folding Wizards Bracket Matching

... but there is a problem with external DSLs

What aboutExpressions?

Expressions are complicated !

Protected Regions

Protected Regions• generated and manually written code mixed up

Protected Regions• generated and manually written code mixed up• manual deletion of artifacts

Protected Regions• generated and manually written code mixed up• manual deletion of artifacts• platform dependent information

Protected Regions• generated and manually written code mixed up• manual deletion of artifacts• platform dependent information• information is spreaded!

Generation Gap Pattern

Generation Gap Pattern technically required type hierarchies

Generation Gap Pattern technically required type hierarchies additional complexity

Generation Gap Pattern technically required type hierarchies additional complexity platform dependent information

Generation Gap Pattern technically required type hierarchies additional complexity platform dependent information information spreaded!

Black boxtarget language literals

Black boxtarget language literals• bound to target platform

Black boxtarget language literals• bound to target platform • no option for MDA friends

Black boxtarget language literals• bound to target platform • no option for MDA friends• no tooling!

Black boxtarget language literals• bound to target platform • no option for MDA friends• no tooling!• long turnarounds!

baseModern Expression Language

baseModern Expression LanguageJVM-Integration

baseModern Expression LanguageJVM-IntegrationStatically Typed

baseModern Expression LanguageJVM-IntegrationStatically TypedHighly Reusable

Your Language o.e.xtext.common.TerminalsEMF

Your Language common.Types o.e.xtext.common.TerminalsJDT JVM EMF

Your Language Xbase Ecore Xbase Grammar common.Types o.e.xtext.common.TerminalsJDT JVM EMF

@Overrideprotected IScope createLocalVarScope(~) { if (context instanceof Operation) { IScope actualScope = super.createLocalVarScope(~); Operation operation = (Operation) context; return createScope(operation.getParams(), actualScope); } return super.createLocalVarScope(~);}

Using Xbase

Using XbaseMixin the Grammar

Using XbaseMixin the GrammarJVM Model Inference

Using XbaseMixin the GrammarJVM Model InferenceScoping

Using XbaseMixin the GrammarJVM Model InferenceScopingType System

Using XbaseMixin the GrammarJVM Model InferenceScopingType SystemCompiler / Interpreter

A DSL for Generating Code

Model Code Code Generator

Model Code package base; public class Address { private String street; public String getStreet() { return street; } public void setStreet(String street) { this.street = street; } private String city; Code public String getCity() { return city; Generator } public void setCity(String city) { this.city = city; } private String state; public String getState() { return state; } public void setState(String state) { this.state = state; } private String postalCode; public String getPostalCode() { return postalCode; } public void setPostalCode(String postalCode) { this.postalCode = postalCode; } }

BUT I CANDO THAT IN

package example.codegen;import org.eclipse.xtext.common.types.JvmFormalParameter;import org.eclipse.xtext.common.types.JvmTypeReference;import org.eclipse.xtext.example.domainmodel.domainmodel.Entity;import org.eclipse.xtext.example.domainmodel.domainmodel.Feature;import org.eclipse.xtext.example.domainmodel.domainmodel.Operation;import org.eclipse.xtext.example.domainmodel.domainmodel.Property;public class JavaGenerator { public String compile(Entity e) { StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(); b.append("package " + packageName(e) + "n"); b.append("n"); b.append("/**n"); b.append(" * Automatically generated. Direct modification is futile.n"); b.append(" */n"); b.append("public class ").append(e.getName()); if(e.getSuperType() != null) { b.append(" extends ").append(compile(e.getSuperType())); } b.append(" {n"); for(Feature f: e.getFeatures()) { if(f instanceof Property) feature((Property)f); else if(f instanceof Operation) feature((Operation)f); } b.append("}n"); return b.toString();

package example.codegen;import org.eclipse.xtext.common.types.JvmFormalParameter;import org.eclipse.xtext.common.types.JvmTypeReference;import org.eclipse.xtext.example.domainmodel.domainmodel.Entity;import org.eclipse.xtext.example.domainmodel.domainmodel.Feature;import org.eclipse.xtext.example.domainmodel.domainmodel.Operation;import org.eclipse.xtext.example.domainmodel.domainmodel.Property;public class JavaGenerator { No Multiline public String compile(Entity e) { StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(); String Literals b.append("package " + packageName(e) + "n"); b.append("n"); b.append("/**n"); b.append(" * Automatically generated. Direct modification is futile.n"); b.append(" */n"); b.append("public class ").append(e.getName()); if(e.getSuperType() != null) { b.append(" extends ").append(compile(e.getSuperType())); } b.append(" {n"); for(Feature f: e.getFeatures()) { if(f instanceof Property) feature((Property)f); else if(f instanceof Operation) feature((Operation)f); } b.append("}n"); return b.toString();

public String compile(Entity e) { StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(); b.append("package " + packageName(e) + "n"); b.append("n"); b.append("/**n"); b.append(" * Automatically generated. Direct modification is futile.n"); b.append(" */n"); b.append("public class ").append(e.getName()); if(e.getSuperType() != null) { b.append(" extends ").append(compile(e.getSuperType())); } b.append(" {n"); for(Feature f: e.getFeatures()) { if(f instanceof Property) feature((Property)f); Instanceof else if(f instanceof Operation) feature((Operation)f); Cascades } b.append("}n"); return b.toString(); } public String feature(Property property) { StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(); String type = compile(property.getType()); String name = property.getName(); b.append("// property ").append(name).append("n"); b.append("private ").append(type).append(" ").append(name).append("n"); b.append("n"); b.append("public ").append(type).append("get").append(name).append("() {n"); b.append(" return ").append(name).append(";n");

} b.append("}n"); return b.toString(); } public String feature(Property property) { StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(); String type = compile(property.getType()); String name = property.getName(); b.append("// property ").append(name).append("n"); b.append("private ").append(type).append(" ").append(name).append("n"); b.append("n"); b.append("public ").append(type).append("get").append(name).append("() {n"); b.append(" return ").append(name).append(";n"); b.append("}n"); b.append("n"); b.append("public ").append("set").append(name) .append("(").append(type).append(" ").append(name).append("){n"); b.append(" this.").append(name).append(" = ").append(name).append(";n"); b.append("}n"); b.append("n"); return b.toString(); } Noisy String public String feature(Operation operation) { StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(); Concatenation String name = operation.getName(); b.append("// operation ").append(name).append("n"); b.append(compile(operation.getType())).append(" ").append(name).append("("); boolean isFirst = true; for(JvmFormalParameter p: operation.getParams()) {

Statically Typed

Statically Xbase Typed Expressions

« RICH STRINGS »

POLYMORPHIC dispatch

COMPILES TO

DEPENDENCY@InjectION

TOOLING

Indigo - June 22nd

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Pragmatic DSL Design with Xtext, Xbase and Xtend 2

by Jan Koehnlein

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