Spring 3.1 to 3.2 in a Nutshell - Spring I/O 2012

Spring 3.1 to 3.2 in a Nutshell Sam Brannen Swiftmind

Speaker Profile• Spring & Java consultant @ Swiftmind• Developing Java for over 14 years• Spring Framework Core Developer• Spring Trainer• Lead author of “Spring in a Nutshell”

Show of hands…

Agenda• Major Themes in 3.x• Environment and Profiles• Java-based Configuration• Testing• Caching• MVC and REST• Servlet 3.0• 3.2 Roadmap

Major Themes in Spring 3.0

Java-based configuration

custom stereotypes

annotated factory methods

JSR-330 – DI for Java

Spring Expression Language

REST support in Spring MVC

Portlet API 2.0

JSR-303 – bean validation

Java EE 6 support: JPA 2.0, JSF 2.0

Major Themes in Spring 3.1– Environment abstraction– Java-based application configuration– @Configuration class test support– High-level cache API– Customizable @MVC processing– Flash maps and redirect attributes– Explicit support for Servlet 3.0

Environment and Profiles

Environment Abstraction– Injectable environment abstraction API • org.springframework.core.env.Environment– Two core concepts • Property Sources • Bean ProfilesProperty Source: Bean Profile:A variety of sources: property A logical group of beanfiles, system properties, definitions. Registered only ifservlet context, JNDI, etc. the profile is active.

Property Source Abstraction– Property source– Property resolution– Placeholders

PropertySource(s)– PropertySource • a single property source– PropertySources • a hierarchy of PropertySource objects • potentially varying across deployment environments

Property Resolution SPI– org.springframework.core.env.PropertyResolver– Environment extends PropertyResolver

Custom Placeholder Resolution– dependent on the actual environment– PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer supersedes PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer

Managing Property Sources– Stand-alone code– Web application • Implement ApplicationContextInitializer • Register via contextInitializerClasses context parameter in web.xml

Accessing Properties– By injecting the Environment

Bean Definition Profiles– Logical grouping of bean definitions • for activation in specific environments • e.g., dev, staging, prod • possibly different deployment platforms– Configuration • XML via <beans profile=“…”> • Java-based configuration via @Profile

Configuring Profiles in XML– All bean definitions– Subset of bean definitions

Configuring Profiles in Java Config– @Profile can also be used on components • @Component, @Service, @Repository, etc. 26

Profile Activation Options– programmatically– system property– in web.xml– in tests via @ActiveProfiles

Activating Profiles… programmatically

Activating Profiles… via system properties-Dspring.profiles.active=“dev”-Dspring.profiles.default=“common”

Activating Profiles… in web apps

Activating Profiles… in integration tests

Java-based Configuration

Java Config ~= XML– XML namespaces  @Enable*– FactoryBeans  builders– GenericXmlContextLoader  AnnotationConfigContextLoader– Not a one-to-one mapping • Make the most of what Java has to offer • Intuitive annotation-oriented container configuration

Typical Infrastructure Setup– Transactions– Scheduling– MVC customization– AOP

@Enable* Annotations– Applied at the class-level on @Configuration classes– Roughly equivalent to their XML namespace counterparts

@Enable* in 3.1– @EnableTransactionManagement– @EnableCaching– @EnableAsync– @EnableScheduling– @EnableAspectJAutoProxy– @EnableLoadTimeWeaving– @EnableSpringConfigured– @EnableWebMvc

Hibernate and JPA– Hibernate LocalSessionFactoryBuilder API • Hibernate 4 replacement for both LocalSessionFactoryBean and AnnotationSessionFactoryBean– XML-free JPA configuration • LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean has a new property • packagesToScan: analogous to AnnotationSessionFactoryBean

Java Configuration Example Actually: LocalSessionFactoryBuilder

New Testing Features in 3.1– @Configuration class support– Environment profile support– SmartContextLoader– AnnotationConfigContextLoader– DelegatingSmartContextLoader– Updated context cache key generation

SmartContextLoader SPI– Supersedes ContextLoader– Strategy for loading application contexts– From @Configuration classes or resource locations– Supports environment profiles

@ContextConfigurationaccepts a new `classes` attribute...

Ex: @Configuration Test #1

Ex: @Configuration Test #2

Caching

Caching Abstraction– Declarative caching for Spring applications • Minimal impact on code • Plug in various caching solutions

Caching Abstraction– Key annotations • @Cacheable • @CacheEvict

Cache Key– All method arguments used by default– Use SpEL to select more specifically (use class, method, or argument name)

Conditional Caching

Cache Providers (1/2)– Cache and CacheManager SPI • org.springframework.cache– Cache Implementations • EhCacheCache • ConcurrentMapCache and ConcurrentMapCacheFactoryBean

Cache Providers (2/2)– CacheManager Implementations • EhCacheCacheManager • ConcurrentMapCacheManager • SimpleCacheManager • NoOpCacheManager– Any other implementation can be plugged in • GemFire, Coherence, etc.

Cache Configuration– Cache namespace • <cache:annotation-driven /> • “cacheManager” bean

MVC and REST

@MVC 3.0 Config– Built-in defaults • Based on DispatcherServlet.properties– Spring MVC namespace • <mvc:annotation:driven>, <mvc:interceptors>, …

Java-based @MVC 3.1 Config– Most Spring MVC configuration is in Java already • @Controller, @RequestMapping, etc.– Servlet 3.0 enhancements will further reduce the need for web.xml– XML namespace is convenient but … • Not transparent • Not easy to offer the right degree of customization– … What should a Java equivalent to the MVC namespace look like?

@EnableWebMvc– Enables Spring MVC default configuration • Registers components expected by the DispatcherServlet– Allows for configuration similar to the Spring MVC namespace • … and the DispatcherServlet.properties combined

A More Complete Example …– Add component scanning for @Controllers and other beans

Q: Where is the “Enabled” Configuration ?!– A: a framework-provided @Configuration class (actually DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration)

How Do I Customize All This?– Simply implement the WebMvcConfigurer interface Allows selective overriding

HandlerMethod Abstraction– HandlerMethod • A proper abstraction for the selected “handler” in Spring MVC– Not just for @RequestMapping methods • Also @InitBinder, @ModelAttribute, @ExceptionHandler methods– “HandlerMethod” support classes • RequestMappingHandlerMapping • RequestMappingHandlerAdapter • ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver

Path Variables in the Model– @PathVariable arguments automatically added to the model These can be deleted

URI Templates in Redirect Strings– URL templates supported in “redirect:” strings Expanded from model attributes, which now include @PathVariables

URI Template Vars in Data Binding– URI template variables used in data binding

Matching MediaTypes < @MVC 3.1 – Using the headers condition

Matching MediaTypes in @MVC 3.1 – The consumes and produces conditions If not matched, results in: UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE (415) If not matched, results in: NOT_ACCEPTABLE (406)

Servlet 3.0

Servlet 3.0 Containers• Tomcat 7 and GlassFish 3 – Explicitly supported• While preserving compatibility with Servlet 2.4+

XML-free Web-app Config• Support for XML-free web application setup – no web.xml• Made possible via: – Servlet 3.0s ServletContainerInitializer – Spring 3.1s AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext – Spring 3.1’s environment abstraction

Native Servlet 3.0 in @MVC• Asynchronous request processing• Standard Servlet 3.0 file upload – behind Springs MultipartResolver abstraction

"c:" Namespace– Shortcut for <constructor-arg> • inline argument values • analogous to existing "p:" namespace– Use of constructor argument names • recommended for readability • debug symbols have to be available in the applications class files

Spring 3.1 in a Nutshell• Environment and Profiles• Java-based Configuration and @Enable*• Testing with @Configuration and Profiles• Cache Abstraction• MVC and REST Improvements• Servlet 3.0• c: Namespace

Spring 3.2 Roadmap

Build System & Source Control• Moved from Subversion to Git(hub) – Spring 3.1.1 – github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework• Moving from Spring Build (i.e., Ant + Ivy) to Gradle• SPR-8120

Servlet 3.0/3.1 Async Requests• Servlet 3.0/3.1 asynchronous request processing – Explicit support in Spring @MVC• SPR-8517

Java EE 7• JPA 2.1 (JSR-338) – Building on JPA 2.0 support in Spring 3.0 – SPR-8194• JSF 2.2 (JSR-344) – Specification compatibility – SPR-8104• JMS 2.0 (JSR-343) – Long overdue, major overhaul to JMS – Exploring a native JMS API style for use with Spring – SPR-8197

Caching• Support for JCache (JSR-107) compliant cache providers – JCacheCacheManager/Cache adapters for Springs SPI – JCacheManager/JCacheFactoryBean• Support for JCaches standardized caching annotations – ideally automatically through Spring’s <cache:annotation-driven>• SPR-8774

Validation• Bean Validation 1.1 (JSR-349) – Specification compatibility – Building on 1.0 support in Spring 3.0• SPR-8199

Spring Core• Migrate from CGLIB to Javassist – For class-based proxies (AOP) – SPR-8190• Bean definition visibility and overriding – Final bean definitions – Profile-scoped beans – @Bean methods override XML beans – SPR-8189

Spring MVC Testing Support• Unit tests with Mock MVC classes – Simulates the DispatcherServlet• Integration tests with XmlWebApplicationContext – Configured via @ContextConfiguration and other annotations – Loaded via a new ContextLoader

In Closing…

Further Resources• Spring Framework – http://springframework.org – Spring Reference Manual – JavaDoc• Spring Forums – http://forum.springframework.org• Spring JIRA – http://jira.springframework.org

Blogs• SpringSource Team Blog – category 3.1 – http://blog.springsource.com/category/spring/31/• Swiftmind Blog – http://www.swiftmind.com/blog/

Q&ASam Brannentwitter: @sam_brannenwww.slideshare.net/sbrannenwww.swiftmind.com“Spring in a Nutshell” http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596801946 available from O’Reilly in 2012

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Spring 3.1 to 3.2 in a Nutshell - Spring I/O 2012

by Sam Brannen

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