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LLaawwss aanndd SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt 
DDeecceemmbbeerr 11,, 22001144
OObbjjeeccttiivveess 
11.. SSttaattee tthhee tthhrreeee llaaww ooff tthheerrmmooddyynnaammiiccss 
22.. DDeessccrriibbee hhooww SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt ccaappaacciittyy 
aaffffeeccttss oouurr eeaarrtthh’’ss cclliimmaattee
LLaawwss ooff TThheerrmmooddyynnaammiiccss 
11.. FFiirrsstt llaaww ssttaatteess:: 
aa.. WWhheenn hheeaatt fflloowwss iinn oorr oouutt ooff aa ssyysstteemm iitt iiss 
bbeeiinngg nneeiitthheerr ccrreeaatteedd oorr ddeessttrrooyyeedd 
bb.. IItt oonnllyy ttrraannssffeerrss ttoo aa ddiiffffeerreenntt ppllaaccee
LLaawwss ooff 
TThheerrmmooddyynnaammiiccss 
22.. SSeeccoonndd LLaaww ssttaatteess:: 
aa.. HHeeaatt fflloowwss ffrroomm aa hhoott ttoo aa ccoolldd ssuubbssttaannccee 
bb.. HHaass ttoo bbee ffoorrcceedd ttoo mmoovvee tthhee ooppppoossiittee 
ddiirreeccttiioonn
LLaawwss ooff 
TThheerrmmooddyynnaammiiccss 
33.. TThhiirrdd LLaaww ssttaatteess:: 
aa.. NNoo ssyysstteemm ccaann rreeaacchh aabbssoolluuttee 
zzeerroo 
WWhhaatt iiss aabbssoolluuttee zzeerroo?? 
HHooww ddoo wwee kknnooww wwhheerree iitt iiss aatt iiff wwee ccaann’’tt rreeaacchh 
iitt??
HHEEAATT 
11.. HHeeaatt iiss tthheerrmmaall eenneerrggyy iinn mmoottiioonn 
22.. HHeeaatt iiss mmeeaassuurreedd == JJoouulleess// CCaalloorriieess
SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt CCaappaacciittyy 
33.. DDiiffffeerreenntt ssuubbssttaannccee == ddiiffffeerreenntt ccaappaacciittiieess 
ffoorr ssttoorriinngg tthheerrmmaall eenneerrggyy 
aa.. RReeqquuiirree ddiiffffeerreenntt aammoouunnttss ooff tthheerrmmaall eenneerrggyy 
ttoo rraaiissee tteemmppeerraattuurree
SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt CCaappaacciittyy 
44.. SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt CCaappaacciittyy:: qquuaannttiittyy ooff hheeaatt 
rreeqquuiirreedd ttoo cchhaannggee tthhee tteemmppeerraattuurree ooff aa 
uunniitt mmaassss bbyy 11 ddeeggrreeee 
aa.. MMeeaassuurree ooff tthheerrmmaall iinneerrttiiaa 
bb.. MMaatttteerrss aabbiilliittyy ttoo rreessiisstt aa cchhaannggee 
iinn tteemmppeerraattuurree
Higher specific hheeaatt –– ssttrroonnggeerr aabbiilliittyy ttoo 
rreessiisstt cchhaannggee 
LLoowweerr ssppeecciiffiicc hheeaatt –– llooww aabbiilliittyy ttoo rreessiisstt 
cchhaannggee
SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt CCaappaacciittyy 
55.. WWhhiicchh hhaass aa hhiigghheerr ssppeecciiffiicc hheeaatt 
ccaappaacciittyy,, wwaatteerr oorr ssaanndd?? IInn ootthheerr wwoorrddss 
wwhhiicchh ttaakkeess lloonnggeerr ttoo wwaarrmm iinn ssuunnlliigghhtt ((oorr 
lloonnggeerr ttoo ccooooll aatt nniigghhtt??))
SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt CCaappaacciittyy 
66.. WWaatteerrss ssppeecciiffiicc hheeaatt ccaappaacciittyy:: 
aa.. HHiigghheerr ccaappaacciittyy ffoorr ssttoorriinngg eenneerrggyy 
bb.. AAbbssoorrbbss aa ggrreeaatt qquuaannttiittyy ooff hheeaatt ffoorr ssmmaallll 
rriisseess iinn tteemmppeerraattuurree 
cc.. TTaakkeess mmuucchh lloonnggeerr ttoo ccooooll,, rreessiissttaanntt ttoo 
lloooossiinngg tthheerrmmaall eenneerrggyy
SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt CCaappaacciittyy 
dd.. WWaatteerr’’ss ssppeecciiffiicc hheeaatt cchhaannggeess tthhee 
wwoorrlldd’’ss cclliimmaattee 
ii.. CCuurrrreennttss ccaarrrryy wwaarrmmeerr wwaatteerr ttoo EEuurrooppee’’ss 
wweesstt ccooaasstt kkeeeeppiinngg iitt wwaarrmmeerr tthhaann tthhee 
ccooooll ccooaasstt’’ss ooff CCaannaaddaa 
iiii.. IIssllaannddss aanndd ppeenniinnssuullaa’’ss ddoo nnoott 
hhaavvee eexxttrreemmee tteemmppeerraattuurreess
7. BBeerrmmuuddaa iiss cclloossee ttoo NNoorrtthh CCaarroolliinnaa,, bbuutt 
uunnlliikkee NNoorrtthh CCaarroolliinnaa,, iitt hhaass aa ttrrooppiiccaall 
cclliimmaattee yyeeaarr rroouunndd.. WWhhyy??
TThheerrmmaall EExxppaannssiioonn 
DDeecceemmbbeerr 22,, 22001144
Objectives 
• Understand TThheerrmmaall EExxppaannssiioonn iinn tteerrmmss 
ooff hhooww iiccee aanndd wwaatteerr rreeaacctt 
EEuurreekkaa 1199
Thermal Expansion 
1. Thermal expansion - when a substance 
expands when heated and contracts 
when cooled 
a. Different substances have different abilities 
to expand and contract
Bimetallic strips
Thermal expansion 
b. When you can’t loosen a metal lid 
on a glass jar, why is it that you 
stick it under hot water to help you 
out?
Thermal Expansion 
2. Water’s Thermal expansion 
a. Expands when heated 
b. Between 0 and 4 degrees water particles 
contracts becoming more dense before 
freezing
Themal Expansion 
a. If you heat water at zero degrees it actually 
contracts as the ice crystals start to collapse 
before it will expand at 4 degrees
Themal Expansion 
3. When solid ice forms volume increases 
because of the ice crystals
Thermal 
Expansion 
a. Since ice is less 
dense it floats on bodies of water 
b. Water at zero degrees is less dense 
as well and stays near the tops 
c. Water at four degrees is more 
dense and will settle at the bottom keeping 
organisms warm all winter
Laws, heat and expansion 2013

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Laws, heat and expansion 2013

  • 1. LLaawwss aanndd SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt DDeecceemmbbeerr 11,, 22001144
  • 2. OObbjjeeccttiivveess 11.. SSttaattee tthhee tthhrreeee llaaww ooff tthheerrmmooddyynnaammiiccss 22.. DDeessccrriibbee hhooww SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt ccaappaacciittyy aaffffeeccttss oouurr eeaarrtthh’’ss cclliimmaattee
  • 3. LLaawwss ooff TThheerrmmooddyynnaammiiccss 11.. FFiirrsstt llaaww ssttaatteess:: aa.. WWhheenn hheeaatt fflloowwss iinn oorr oouutt ooff aa ssyysstteemm iitt iiss bbeeiinngg nneeiitthheerr ccrreeaatteedd oorr ddeessttrrooyyeedd bb.. IItt oonnllyy ttrraannssffeerrss ttoo aa ddiiffffeerreenntt ppllaaccee
  • 4. LLaawwss ooff TThheerrmmooddyynnaammiiccss 22.. SSeeccoonndd LLaaww ssttaatteess:: aa.. HHeeaatt fflloowwss ffrroomm aa hhoott ttoo aa ccoolldd ssuubbssttaannccee bb.. HHaass ttoo bbee ffoorrcceedd ttoo mmoovvee tthhee ooppppoossiittee ddiirreeccttiioonn
  • 5. LLaawwss ooff TThheerrmmooddyynnaammiiccss 33.. TThhiirrdd LLaaww ssttaatteess:: aa.. NNoo ssyysstteemm ccaann rreeaacchh aabbssoolluuttee zzeerroo WWhhaatt iiss aabbssoolluuttee zzeerroo?? HHooww ddoo wwee kknnooww wwhheerree iitt iiss aatt iiff wwee ccaann’’tt rreeaacchh iitt??
  • 6. HHEEAATT 11.. HHeeaatt iiss tthheerrmmaall eenneerrggyy iinn mmoottiioonn 22.. HHeeaatt iiss mmeeaassuurreedd == JJoouulleess// CCaalloorriieess
  • 7. SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt CCaappaacciittyy 33.. DDiiffffeerreenntt ssuubbssttaannccee == ddiiffffeerreenntt ccaappaacciittiieess ffoorr ssttoorriinngg tthheerrmmaall eenneerrggyy aa.. RReeqquuiirree ddiiffffeerreenntt aammoouunnttss ooff tthheerrmmaall eenneerrggyy ttoo rraaiissee tteemmppeerraattuurree
  • 8. SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt CCaappaacciittyy 44.. SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt CCaappaacciittyy:: qquuaannttiittyy ooff hheeaatt rreeqquuiirreedd ttoo cchhaannggee tthhee tteemmppeerraattuurree ooff aa uunniitt mmaassss bbyy 11 ddeeggrreeee aa.. MMeeaassuurree ooff tthheerrmmaall iinneerrttiiaa bb.. MMaatttteerrss aabbiilliittyy ttoo rreessiisstt aa cchhaannggee iinn tteemmppeerraattuurree
  • 9. Higher specific hheeaatt –– ssttrroonnggeerr aabbiilliittyy ttoo rreessiisstt cchhaannggee LLoowweerr ssppeecciiffiicc hheeaatt –– llooww aabbiilliittyy ttoo rreessiisstt cchhaannggee
  • 10. SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt CCaappaacciittyy 55.. WWhhiicchh hhaass aa hhiigghheerr ssppeecciiffiicc hheeaatt ccaappaacciittyy,, wwaatteerr oorr ssaanndd?? IInn ootthheerr wwoorrddss wwhhiicchh ttaakkeess lloonnggeerr ttoo wwaarrmm iinn ssuunnlliigghhtt ((oorr lloonnggeerr ttoo ccooooll aatt nniigghhtt??))
  • 11. SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt CCaappaacciittyy 66.. WWaatteerrss ssppeecciiffiicc hheeaatt ccaappaacciittyy:: aa.. HHiigghheerr ccaappaacciittyy ffoorr ssttoorriinngg eenneerrggyy bb.. AAbbssoorrbbss aa ggrreeaatt qquuaannttiittyy ooff hheeaatt ffoorr ssmmaallll rriisseess iinn tteemmppeerraattuurree cc.. TTaakkeess mmuucchh lloonnggeerr ttoo ccooooll,, rreessiissttaanntt ttoo lloooossiinngg tthheerrmmaall eenneerrggyy
  • 12. SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt CCaappaacciittyy dd.. WWaatteerr’’ss ssppeecciiffiicc hheeaatt cchhaannggeess tthhee wwoorrlldd’’ss cclliimmaattee ii.. CCuurrrreennttss ccaarrrryy wwaarrmmeerr wwaatteerr ttoo EEuurrooppee’’ss wweesstt ccooaasstt kkeeeeppiinngg iitt wwaarrmmeerr tthhaann tthhee ccooooll ccooaasstt’’ss ooff CCaannaaddaa iiii.. IIssllaannddss aanndd ppeenniinnssuullaa’’ss ddoo nnoott hhaavvee eexxttrreemmee tteemmppeerraattuurreess
  • 13.
  • 14. 7. BBeerrmmuuddaa iiss cclloossee ttoo NNoorrtthh CCaarroolliinnaa,, bbuutt uunnlliikkee NNoorrtthh CCaarroolliinnaa,, iitt hhaass aa ttrrooppiiccaall cclliimmaattee yyeeaarr rroouunndd.. WWhhyy??
  • 16. Objectives • Understand TThheerrmmaall EExxppaannssiioonn iinn tteerrmmss ooff hhooww iiccee aanndd wwaatteerr rreeaacctt EEuurreekkaa 1199
  • 17. Thermal Expansion 1. Thermal expansion - when a substance expands when heated and contracts when cooled a. Different substances have different abilities to expand and contract
  • 19. Thermal expansion b. When you can’t loosen a metal lid on a glass jar, why is it that you stick it under hot water to help you out?
  • 20. Thermal Expansion 2. Water’s Thermal expansion a. Expands when heated b. Between 0 and 4 degrees water particles contracts becoming more dense before freezing
  • 21. Themal Expansion a. If you heat water at zero degrees it actually contracts as the ice crystals start to collapse before it will expand at 4 degrees
  • 22. Themal Expansion 3. When solid ice forms volume increases because of the ice crystals
  • 23. Thermal Expansion a. Since ice is less dense it floats on bodies of water b. Water at zero degrees is less dense as well and stays near the tops c. Water at four degrees is more dense and will settle at the bottom keeping organisms warm all winter