BioFuels & BioDiesels Biodiesels is the main story and cultivation of oilseeds is the main challenge

Biofuels: Two Types Ethanol and Biodiesel. Both are used as blends with petroleum diesel Ethanol is alcohol fuel derived from sugarcane, wheat, corn and biomass, Biodiesel is made from natural oils such as animal fats or vegetable oils. Why use bio fuels? 1. The use of bio fuels leads to lower GHG emissions. 2. Bio fuels are renewable What are the considerations in the choice between ethanol and bio-diesel? Compatibility? 100% Biodiesel can work in any diesel generated engines. Costs? Biodiesels are more expensive What is the energy needed to produce? Biodiesels relatively produce more energy than ethanol

Ethanol and Biodiesel.

Both are used as blends with petroleum diesel

Ethanol is alcohol fuel derived from sugarcane, wheat, corn and biomass,

Biodiesel is made from natural oils such as animal fats or vegetable oils.

What are the considerations in the choice between ethanol and bio-diesel?

Compatibility? 100% Biodiesel can work in any diesel generated engines.

Costs? Biodiesels are more expensive

What is the energy needed to produce? Biodiesels relatively produce more energy than ethanol

Ethanol: Two generations First generation : derived from starch or sugar Second generation: derived from non food crops, biomass, wood, wood chips, stems, stalks, grass … Also known as cellulosic ethanol Involves breaking down cellulose in woody fibers to derive ethanol Second generation is an improvement: It does not compete with food production The possibility of converting waste to energy lies at the heart of the second generation

First generation : derived from starch or sugar

Second generation: derived from non food crops, biomass, wood, wood chips, stems, stalks, grass …

Also known as cellulosic ethanol

Involves breaking down cellulose in woody fibers to derive ethanol

Second generation is an improvement:

It does not compete with food production

What is bio diesel? Biodiesel is derived from vegetable and animal oil/fats: Alcohol is added and glycerine is removed (the process is called transesterification) Sources of bio-diesel: Palm seed, soybean, peanut oil, jethropha seed, castor, rapeseed oil Different sources are used in different countries Advantages of biodiesel Lower pollutant emission Net Carbon dioixide emission reductions

Biodiesel is derived from vegetable and animal oil/fats:

Alcohol is added and glycerine is removed (the process is called transesterification)

Sources of bio-diesel:

Palm seed, soybean, peanut oil, jethropha seed, castor, rapeseed oil

Different sources are used in different countries

Advantages of biodiesel

Lower pollutant emission

Net Carbon dioixide emission reductions

Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) SVO is obtained from crushing oil bearing seeds It is like pure vegetable oil, just like what you use to cook with. Biodiesel is derived from SVO SVO cannot run in diesel engines without modification Biodiesel can The distinction is important as in India SVO can help run diesel pumpsets and DG sets Mahindra has been working on a tractor engine which uses SVO This means that in India local communities can both generate and use SVO.

SVO is obtained from crushing oil bearing seeds

It is like pure vegetable oil, just like what you use to cook with.

Biodiesel is derived from SVO

SVO cannot run in diesel engines without modification

Biodiesel can

Oilseeds in India Neem Karanj (Pongamia) Jatropha Mahua (Madhuca) Castor

Biodiesel source: considerations Competiting use Food/non food? Yield: Agricultural yield? Conversion ratio? Land & Climate Can it grow on arid/semi arid land? What is the water requirement (irrigation/rainfall) year Time How long does it take to deliver oilseeds?

Competiting use

Food/non food?

Yield:

Agricultural yield?

Conversion ratio?

Land & Climate

Can it grow on arid/semi arid land?

What is the water requirement (irrigation/rainfall) year

Time

How long does it take to deliver oilseeds?

Standalone Bio Fuels Companies * A New Ventures Portfolio company In the process Yes – thru framer partnerships. Own cultivation planned Jatropha Jatropha seedlings/R&D in the Jathropha Hyderabad Nandan Biomatrix* No Yes: thru framer organizations Plantation initiatives Jatropha Palm Oil/Soya Oil/Jatropha Feedstock None USD 32 million – VC investments and debt Funding Jatropha seedlings/R&D in the Jathropha Bio diesel (30 million gallons per annum) and glycerine Products/Business Mysore Hyderabad/Kakinada Location Labland Biotechs Naturol

Standalone Bio Fuels Companies * A New Ventures Portfolio company Unknown Not yet Jatropha/Pongamia Oilsseeds/SVO Coimbatore Renulakshmi Agro Industries In the process None Jatropha/Pongamia Services to framers to help in biofuel cultivation Pune CleanStar* Yes – thru framer partnerships Plantation initiatives Castor/Pongamia Feedstock In the process Funding SVO Products/Business Karnataka Location Vayugrid*

Larger companies diversifying into Biofuel Other companies reportedly exploring this space: Ruchi Soya, Shiva Distillers, Dharani Sugars and Chemicals Limited , Brewery and alcoohol manufacturing Plants Original Business JV with D1 Oils and cultivation of jatropha in NE states, Orissa and Jharkhand Plants for manufacturing biofuels BioFuel Initiatitives Kolkata Pune Location Williamson Magor Praj Industries

Global Companies in Indian Biofuels Mission Biofuels Australian company Headquartered in Mumbai Main business: Jatrpha cultivation/wind mill operation Refinery coming up in Orissa D1 Oils London based company R&D in Coimbatore Expanding thru JVs Williamson Magor: Eastern India Mohan Breweries: Southern India

Mission Biofuels

Australian company

Headquartered in Mumbai

Main business: Jatrpha cultivation/wind mill operation

Refinery coming up in Orissa

D1 Oils

London based company

R&D in Coimbatore

Expanding thru JVs

Williamson Magor: Eastern India

Mohan Breweries: Southern India

Indian Oil Companies: Biodiesel forays CREDA-HPCL JV formed in 2008 with Chattisgarh Subsidiary in renewable energy formed. Announced in 2008. JV formed with Nandan and Shapoorji Announced in 2007 Status Orissa MP Jatropha IOC Chattisgarh UP Refinery in Chattisgarh UP Cultivation in Jatropha Jatropha Biodiesel from HPCL BPCL

NGOs in BioDiesel in India GOGVIP established by Mr. Gulabrao Kale, in August, 1998. Operates in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. Promoting the cultivation of jatropha among farmers SUTRA Brainchild of Dr.Udipi Shrinivasa (IISC Bangalore) Operates in villages of Karnataka Promoting pongamia among farmers

GOGVIP

established by Mr. Gulabrao Kale, in August, 1998.

Operates in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra.

Promoting the cultivation of jatropha among farmers

SUTRA

Brainchild of Dr.Udipi Shrinivasa (IISC Bangalore)

Operates in villages of Karnataka

Promoting pongamia among farmers