Swing Era Part 2
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Class notes for the Swing Era and Big Bands
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Swing Era Part 2
- 1. Swing Era Height of Popularity 1935-45 Began from Bands like James Reese Europe Fletcher Henderson, 1st Important Band Swing was Replaced by Bop in the 1940s After Era: Big Band Music Most Colleges have Jazz Ensembles 09/24/14 1
- 2. The Sections of the Swing Band Sax (3-5) Can include Clarinet, Flute Trumpet (2-5) Trombone (2-5) Rhythm Piano, Bass, Drums Bass = String Bass, Tuba Can include guitar/banjo, vibes 09/24/14 2
- 3. Duke Ellington’s Band 1930s 09/24/14 3
- 4. Stan Kenton Band 1950s 09/24/14 4
- 5. The Arranger Composes and/or arranges the individual parts for the instruments May be the Band Leader Can be a member of the band Can be self-employed 09/24/14 5
- 6. Arrangement Often called a Chart The arrangement: Compare & Contrast Sections Blend Sections Leaves space for solos 09/24/14 6
- 7. The Song May be a popular song Newly composed Riff tune Various riffs pieced together Sometimes not written, head chart 09/24/14 7
- 9. Fletcher Henderson 1st Important Big Band Established the Format for Arrangements 1st Recorded 1923 Armstrong Joined for a Year in 1924 (major influence) 09/24/14 9
- 10. Fletcher Henderson 09/24/14 10
- 11. The Stampede: The Arrangement The Stampede By Fletcher Henderson May 14, 1926 09/24/14 11
- 12. The Stampede: 1st Section Introduction 1-bar Piano riff 1-bar sax riff 1-bar trumpet riff 1 bar band answer 4-bar trumpet solo Compare & Contrast of Sections 09/24/14 12
- 13. 2nd Section Trombone Solo Accomp. Band Riff Band plays final bars with a piano break 09/24/14 13
- 14. 3rd Section Sax Solo Brass Accomp. • Long-note chords 09/24/14 14
- 15. 4th Section 4-Bar Interlude 2-Bar Sax Section 2-Bar Band 09/24/14 15
- 16. 5th Section Trumpet Solo Accomp. Sax long note chords Banjo backbeat (2&4) 09/24/14 16
- 17. 6th Section 2-Bar Piano Interlude 2-Bar Band Answer 09/24/14 17
- 18. 7th Section Clarinet Trio Accomp. Banjo on all 4 beats Clarinet Break 09/24/14 18
- 19. 8th Section Trumpet Solo Accomp. Sax long-note chords 4-Bars Band 09/24/14 19
- 20. 9th Section Trombone Solo Accomp. by Band Trumpet Tag 09/24/14 20
- 21. Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington (1899-1974) Most Prolific & Creative Arranger/Composer in Jazz History Pianist Composing: wrote Popular Songs, Instrumental Portraits of People & Places, Extended Compositions, Movie Scores, Sacred Concertos 09/24/14 21
- 22. Duke Ellington 09/24/14 22
- 23. Duke Ellington Arranging Style: wrote for “individuals” rather than instruments, voicing across sections of the band, 09/24/14 23
- 24. Duke Ellington Late 1920s House Band at the Cotton Club Wrote “Jungle Style” for their “Floor Shows” 09/24/14 24
- 25. Duke Ellington Duke Ellington 1930s Movie 09/24/14 25
- 26. Duke Ellington 09/24/14 26
- 27. Duke Ellington 09/24/14 27
- 28. Duke Ellington “The Mooche” 1928 Black and Tan Fantasy III 09/24/14 28
- 29. Duke Ellington Popular Songs/Jazz Standards Take The A Train (1941) 09/24/14 29
- 30. A Train: AABA Song Form Each section is 8 bars long Sax, Trumpet, Trombone Sections of the band are distinct Format: Intro, 32-bar melody, trumpet solo, interlude, call & response between sax section & trumpet, final melody, ending 09/24/14 30
- 31. AABA Song Form Introduction 4 bars piano stating the whole tone scale 09/24/14 31
- 32. A A-Section 8 bars Sax section has the melody Trombones & trumpets each with a different response “second A” is a direct repeat 09/24/14 32
- 33. B-Section 8 Bar B-Section Sax section has the melody Trombones respond 09/24/14 33
- 34. Final A-Section 8 Bars Sax Section has the melody Brass section (tpt. & trb.) responds with a different riff Ellington’s piano interjections are heard in the background 09/24/14 34
- 35. Trumpet Solo AABA Solo is “one chorus” 32 Bars Begins with a quote from “Old Man River” Sax section plays background, combination of riffs and long-note chords At end of B-Section room is left for piano and bass interjections 09/24/14 35
- 36. Interlude 4 Bar Interlude, not part of the original form Band plays a call-response figure that sounds like 3/4 instead of 4/4 Brass play on “one”, sax section answers Count 123-123-123-123-1234 09/24/14 36
- 37. A-A Sax & Trumpet 4 Bars: Sax section plays an ascending then descending melody 4 Bars: Trumpet Plays a Solo while saxes accompany with long note chords 09/24/14 37
- 38. B Trumpet solo cont. 8 Bars: Trumpet Solo continues but Trombone section is added to the Accompaniment 09/24/14 38
- 39. Return of Melody The Final A-Section, 3 times Sax Section has melody Brass Section has a new riff in background Brass use of mutes for “Ooo-wah” On 3d time through Ellington play the whole tone scale used in the intro Repeats are softer, “Ellington Ending” 09/24/14 39
- 40. Duke Ellington A Train Take the A Train from Reveille with Beverly 09/24/14 40
- 41. Duke Ellington Voicing Across Sections & Painting With Sound “Mood Indigo” 1931 09/24/14 41
- 42. Duke Ellington Writing for Individuals like Tricky Sam Nanton (a usual listening question) “What Am I Here For” 1942 (“ya-ya” trombone solo) “Magenta Haze” Johnny Hodges (big slippery vibrato) 09/24/14 42
- 43. Duke Ellington Extended Compositions Black Brown Beige (1944) • Three Movements: 1st Mvt. Opening Tricky Sam Come Sunday Johnny Hodges Big Band Theme 09/24/14 43
- 44. Duke Ellington 09/24/14 44
- 45. Kansas City Style Swing City administration allowed for a robust nightlife Simple Arrangements Riff Tunes, melody and/or background Head Charts 09/24/14 45
- 46. Count Basie 1904-1984 • Basie’s “New” Piano Style was the style of the future, “Comping” • Old Style was Stride • Basie Lightened, cut boom-chick • Played chords in syncopated places • Solos: sparse, upper register tinkling “Taxi War Dance” 09/24/14 46
- 47. Count Basie 09/24/14 47
- 48. Count Basie • Formed in Kansas City 1930s • Discover on Radio Broadcast by John Hammond • Toured to New York 1937 • Larger Bands, began to need written arrangements 09/24/14 48
- 49. Count Basie • Important even after the Swing Era • Evolved in the 1950s • Basie Ending • Dynamic Contrast • Even Slow Music Had a Groove • Basie: Corner Pocket • Goin' To Chicago (Blues Shouter) 09/24/14 49
- 50. Count Basie “One O’Clock Jump” One O'Clock Jump 09/24/14 50
- 51. Count Basie Riff Tune “Jumpin’ At The Woodside” 09/24/14 51
- 52. Swing Becomes Pop Music • Young Musicians from Chicago Jazz Land in New York and Become Part of the Music Industry. • First Play in Radio Orchestras • By 1935, Leading Radio Orchestras 09/24/14 52
- 53. Swing Becomes Pop Music • Jazz-Laced Band Music Called “Hot” • Benny Goodman, Clarinet, NBC Radio Show, Leads Hot Band • Goodman Says “Swing Era Started Aug. 25, 1935” • Bands Were A Complete Show 09/24/14 53
- 54. Benny Goodman • “King of Swing” • 1st Famous “Hot” Band (White) • Band Featured Dance Music & Clarinet Solos “Don’t Be That Way” Benny Goodman: Sing Sing 09/24/14 54
- 55. Goodman Quartet • Small “Chicago-Style” Jazz Group Within The Big Band • First Well-Known Integrated Combo • Lionel Hampton (vibes), Teddy Wilson (piano), Gene Krupa (drums) Benny Goodman Quartet 09/24/14 55
- 56. Goodman Quartet “Ding Dong Daddy” 09/24/14 56
- 57. Glenn Miller • Band Leader, Trombone • Glenn Miller Sound is Slow, Sweet Sax Sound. • Most Popular Band in 1941 • Theme Song “Moonlight Serenade” 09/24/14 57
- 58. Glenn Miller • Most Famous Swing Era Recording is • “In The Mood” • In The Mood: movie • Some Very Popular Songs • Chattanooga Choo-Choo 09/24/14 58
- 59. Glenn Miller 09/24/14 59
- 60. Glenn Miller • Joined Army Air Corps WWII • Lost At Sea 09/24/14 60
- 61. Mickey Bands • Not All Swings Bands Played Jazz • Some Played “Sweet” Dance Music Like Wayne King 09/24/14 61
- 62. Swing Era Ends • Swing Era Ends with the End of WWII • War Rationing & Cabaret Taxes help Kill It • Band Singers Become More Popular than Bands • Some Bands Continue as Pure Jazz Bands 09/24/14 62
- 63. Post Swing Big Bands • Big Bands are Still Around: Professional & Colleges • Various Names Have Been Used: Jazz Ensemble, Lab Band, Stage Band, Dance Band 09/24/14 63
- 64. Stan Kenton • Began Band in 1941, survived after the period • California Pianist and Prolific Arranger • Band Featured Brilliant Brass Section (loud, high notes) • Helped Jazz Education 09/24/14 64
- 65. Stan Kenton Band • “Artistry Jumps” (Brilliant Brass) • High Note Trumpet Player, Maynard Ferguson began with Kenton • Employed Many Important “West Coast” Jazz Musicians • “Lover” • Stan with Maynard on Sullivan 09/24/14 65
- 66. Woody Herman Band • Clarinetist, Began in the Late 1936 • Survived through the 1980s • Employed Younger Musicians • Caldonia • Late 1940s was “Four Brothers Band” • Four Brothers 1963 • In 1970s, Played Some Jazz-Rock • Fanfare for the Common Man 09/24/14 66
- 67. Thad Jones-Mel Lewis Band • “Kicks Band” Monday Nights in New York • Featured Basie-Like Groove • Groove Merchant • Complex Sax Section Writing 09/24/14 67
- 68. CSC Jazz Ensemble • Concert April 26, 2008 7:30 PM • Jazz Birds @ Wrecker’s 09/24/14 68
- 69. 09/24/14 69