PARTS OF SPEECH Murni Salina B.Sc Ed (TESL) UTM Skudai Malaysia

OPEN CLASS CLOSED CLASS PARTS OF SPEECH NOUNS VERBS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS DETERMINERS AUXILIARIES

A NOUN a word which names a person, place or thing proper nouns and common nouns

a word which names a person, place or thing

proper nouns and common nouns

Most nouns are common nouns and do not begin with a capital letter. Proper nouns are nouns which begin with a capital letter because it is the name of a specific or particular person place or thing. M exico J ohn F . K ennedy A tlantic O cean F ebruary M onday N ew Y ork C ity S usan M aple S treet B urger K ing If you see a word beginning with a capital letter in in the middle of a sentence, it is probably a proper noun .

M exico

J ohn F . K ennedy

A tlantic O cean

F ebruary

M onday

N ew Y ork C ity

S usan

M aple S treet

B urger K ing

If you see a word beginning with a capital letter in in the middle of a sentence, it is probably a proper noun .

Many nouns have a special plural form if there is more than one. For example, we say one book but two books . Plurals are usually formed by adding an -s ( book s ) or -es ( box es ) some plurals are formed in different ways (child - children , person - people , mouse - mice , sheep - sheep )

For example,

we say one book but two books . Plurals are usually formed by adding an -s ( book s ) or -es ( box es )

some plurals are formed in different ways

(child - children , person - people , mouse - mice , sheep - sheep )

A VERB a word which shows action or state of being every sentence must have a verb

a word which shows action or state of being

every sentence must have a verb

The dog bit the man. bit is the verb and the word which shows the action of the sentence.

bit is the verb and the word which shows the action of the sentence.

The man is sitting on a chair. even though the action doesn't show much activity, sitting is the verb of the sentence.

even though the action doesn't show much activity, sitting is the verb of the sentence.

She is a smart girl. there is no action but a state of being expressed by the verb is . the word be is different from other verbs in many ways but can still be thought of as a verb.

there is no action but a state of being expressed by the verb is .

the word be is different from other verbs in many ways but can still be thought of as a verb.

Verb ‘To Be’ Subject Present Past Perfect (past participle) Progressive (present participle) I am was have been am being We are were have been are being You are were have been are being They are were have been are being He is was has been is being She is was has been is being It is was has been is being

verbs change their form Sometimes endings are added learn - learn ed sometimes the word itself becomes different teach-taught The different forms of verbs show different meanings related to such things as : tense (past, present, future) person (first person, second person, third person) number (singular, plural) voice (active, passive)

Sometimes endings are added

learn - learn ed

sometimes the word itself becomes different

teach-taught

The different forms of verbs show different meanings related to such things as :

tense (past, present, future)

person (first person, second person, third person)

number (singular, plural)

voice (active, passive)

An Adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies.

modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words.

An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies.

The truck-shaped balloon floated over the treetops. Mrs. Morrison papered her kitchen walls with hideous wall paper. The small boat foundered on the wine dark sea. The coal mines are dark and dank . Many stores have already begun to play irritating Christmas music. A battered music box sat on the mahogany sideboard. The back room was filled with large , yellow rain boots.

The truck-shaped balloon floated over the treetops.

Mrs. Morrison papered her kitchen walls with hideous wall paper.

The small boat foundered on the wine dark sea.

The coal mines are dark and dank .

Many stores have already begun to play irritating Christmas music.

A battered music box sat on the mahogany sideboard.

The back room was filled with large , yellow rain boots.

ADJECTIVES

An Adverb can modify a verb , an adjective , another adverb, a phrase , or a clause . An adverb indicates manner, time, place, cause, or degree and answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how much". Unlike an adjective, an adverb can be found in various places within the sentence.

can modify a verb , an adjective , another adverb, a phrase , or a clause .

An adverb indicates manner, time, place, cause, or degree and answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how much".

Unlike an adjective, an adverb can be found in various places within the sentence.

The seamstress quickly made the mourning clothes. In this sentence, the adverb "quickly" modifies the verb "made" and indicates in what manner (or how fast) the clothing was constructed.

In this sentence, the adverb "quickly" modifies the verb "made" and indicates in what manner (or how fast) the clothing was constructed.

The midwives waited patiently through a long labour. Similarly in this sentence, the adverb "patiently" modifies the verb "waited" and describes the manner in which the midwives waited.

Similarly in this sentence, the adverb "patiently" modifies the verb "waited" and describes the manner in which the midwives waited.

The boldly spoken words would return to haunt the rebel. In this sentence the adverb "boldly" modifies the adjective "spoken."

In this sentence the adverb "boldly" modifies the adjective "spoken."

Fill in the blanks On a _____________ day at the end of March, ____________ decided that he/she was tired of playing inside. ________________ needed some adventure. So he/she grabbed his/her ________________ and his/her _____________ and set off. There was fresh snow on the ground and the clouds were ___________________. The first thing _____________ saw was a ___________________ standing beside a tree. He/She __________ over to the _______________. "What's your name?" asked ____________. The ___________ replied, "__________________." Was this the beginning of the adventure ______________ was seeking?

On a _____________ day at the end of March, ____________ decided that he/she was tired of playing inside. ________________ needed some adventure. So he/she grabbed his/her ________________ and his/her _____________ and set off. There was fresh snow on the ground and the clouds were ___________________. The first thing _____________ saw was a ___________________ standing beside a tree. He/She __________ over to the _______________. "What's your name?" asked ____________. The ___________ replied, "__________________." Was this the beginning of the adventure ______________ was seeking?

On the ground Brother saw a coyote . It was the color of dark brown trees and had a texture like a soft rabbit . It reminded him of the bear .

On the ground Brother saw a coyote . It was the color of dark brown trees and had a texture like a soft rabbit . It reminded him of the bear .

modals Verbs are also often accompanied by verb-like words called modals (may, could, should, etc.) auxiliaries (do, have, will, etc.) to give them different meanings

Verbs are also often accompanied by verb-like words called

modals (may, could, should, etc.)

auxiliaries (do, have, will, etc.)

to give them different meanings