Present Perfect 43

El Presente Perfecto de Indicativo y Subjuntivo Español 1131 Capítulo 14 –Sección 43 (pp. 448-452)

¿Qué es el presente perfecto de indicativo?
The present perfect is formed by combining a helping verb (“have” or “has”) with the past participle

Veamos, por ejemplo…
I have played the piano for years.
Martha has sung at weddings.
We have flown in a plane.

En inglés…
To form the present participle,we combine the helping verb “have/has” with a past participle (-ed/-en):
For example, “I have been a lifeguard.”
“ I” is the subject
“ have” is the helping verb
“ been” is the past participle

En español…
We form the present participle by combining the present tense of the verb haber (i.e., the helping verb or el verbo auxiliar ) with a past participle
For example:
Nosotros hemos bailado y….
We have danced and….
no hemos estudiado para el examen.
We haven’t studied for the test.

The present tense of haber he hemos has habéis ha han

Remember…
How to form the past participle :
For – ar verbs, take the stem of the verb and add – ado
Example: comprar -> comprado
For –er and –ir verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ido
Example: tener -> tenido
vivir -> vivido

Para formar…
Here are the present perfect forms of estudiar:
he estudiado hemos estudiado has estudiado habéis estudiado ha estudiado han estudiado

Para formar…
As you can see, I have combined the present forms of haber (the helping verbs)
he hemos has habéis ha han

… with the past participle of estudiar
he hemos has habéis ha han estudiado estudiado estudiado estudiado estudiado estudiado

Now you try… On a sheet of paper, see if you can figure out the present perfect forms for the verb hablar: he ________ hemos _______ has ________ habéis ________ ha ________ han ________

Is this what you came up with? he hablado hemos hablado has hablado habéis hablado ha hablado han hablado

Let’s try another…
Now see if you can form the present perfect forms of the verb tomar:
__ ________ ____ _______ ___ ________ _____ ________ __ ________ ___ ________

Is this what you got?
he tomado hemos tomado has tomado habéis tomado ha tomado han tomado

Now let’s try an –er verb
See if you can come up with the present perfect forms for comer :
__ ______ _____ ______ ___ ______ ______ ______ __ ______ ___ ______

Is this what you came up with?
he comido hemos comido has comido habéis comido ha comido han comido

Let’s try another one…see if you can come up with the present perfect tense of ir :
__ ___ _____ ___ ___ ___ ______ ___ __ ___ ___ ______

Is this what you came up with?
he ido hemos ido has ido habéis ido ha ido han ido

Many of you may have assumed that ir had an irregular past participle. After all, it does have an irregular present participle. But ir is actually regular in this tense. Here are some verbs that are irregular in the past participle.

Not exactly irregular but…
-er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending in –ído
caer -> caído creer -> creído
leer -> leído oír -> oído
reír -> reído traer -> traído

Irregulars
The following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –to:
abrir -> abierto cubrir -> cubierto
escribir -> escrito volver -> vuelto
morir -> muerto poner -> puesto
romper -> roto ver -> visto
descubrir -> descubierto

More irregulars
These verbs have irregular past participles ending in –cho:
decir -> dicho
hacer -> hecho

¡Vamos a practicar!
See if you can form the correct present perfect using the subject and verb given.
Modelo: yo / decidir -> He decidido
1. ella / abrir
Ha abierto
2. Marta y yo / tocar
Hemos tocado
3. Gonzalo / crecer
Ha crecido

4. Tú y tus amigos / reír
H abéis reído
5. Mis padres / hacer
Han hecho
6. Tus abuelos / cubrir
Han cubierto
7. Rogelio y Ramón / escribir
Han escrito

Object pronouns and no are always placed directly before the form of haber, e.g.:
The present perfect form of hay is always ha habido ( there has/have been) , e.g.:
Remember that acabar + de + infinitive ( n ot the present perfect tense) is used to state that something has just occurred, e.g.:
Ella ha cambiado una llanta desinflada varias veces. She’s changed a flat tire several times. Todavía no le han revisado el aceite al coche. They still haven’t checked the car’s oil . Ha habido un accidente. (There’s been an accident.) Acabo de mandar la carta. I’ve just mailed the letter.

The present perfect subjunctive (el perfecto subjuntivo) is formed with the present subjunctive of haber plus the past participle. It is used to express I have spoken (written , and so on) when the subjunctive is required.
¿Qué es el presente perfecto de subjuntivo? haya hablado hayamos hablado hayas hablado hayáis hablado haya hablado hayan hablado

Note in the model sentence at the right that the English equivalent of the present perfect subjunctive can be expressed as a simple or compound tense : did/have done; came/have come; built/have built.
Es posible que (él) lo haya hecho. It’s possible (that) he may have done he did it. Me alegro de que (tú) hayas venido. I’m glad (that) you have come (you came). Es bueno que lo hayan construido . It’s good (that) they built (have built) it.

The perfect subjunctive differs from the present subjunctive in that it conveys the meaning of an action which would, or might have taken place, i.e. a finished action
Compare a) with b):
a) Espero que lleguen a tiempo para coger el avión ( I hope they arrive on time to catch the plane)
b) Espero que hayan llegado a tiempo para coger el avión (I hope they arrived on time so that they could catch the place)

¡Vamos a practicar con el pretérito perfecto!

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Present Perfect 43

by Carmen Sales-Delgado on Apr 05, 2008

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