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Slide 1: Architecting Participation STRUCTURAL HOLES and SPACE between the TOOLS Jenny Ambrozek, SageNet LLC Enterprise 2.0 Summit, Hannover, March 4, 2008

Slide 2: The Organizational Challenge Direct control DECREASES Degree Enterprise systems Control Social Technology Social Networking Blogs Wikis Podcasting Tagging , Ethernet Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 Web 3.0 1973 1991 Search Links Authoring Tags Extensions Signals Time , as social technology INCREASES

Slide 3: S earch L inks A uthoring T ags E xtensions S ignals Enterprise 2.0 Technology components ~ Slates 3 Andrew McAfee,

Slide 4: E2.0 S L A T E S Impact “Change the patterns of participation, and you change the organization. At the core of the 21st century company is the question of participation. At the heart of participation is the mind and spirit of the knowledge worker....” John Seely Brown & Estee Solomon Gray, “The People are the Company” Fast Company Issue 01, October 1995 http://www.fastcompany.com/online/01/people.html Organizational boundaries inside & out less bounded Changes Participation & Working Networks

Slide 5: Simon sees DUCKS Photo: Simon Wardley But, CONSIDER the POND

Slide 6: More than the eye can see No food web. No ducks Image produced with FoodWeb3D, written by R.J. Williams and provided by the Pacific Ecoinformatics and Computational Ecology Lab (www.foodwebs.org, Yoon et al. 2004)

Slide 7: Ponds CONNECTED Watershed ECOSYSTEM Source: http://www.wildeducation.org/programs/nww06/watershed_illustration2.jpg

Slide 8: Viewing Organizations through a People Network Lens

Slide 9: Organizations as Complex Network Webs Value Networks Customer Co- Creation Partner Networks Knowledge Networks Supply Chains Industry Groups Innovation Communities of Practice High Performers Alumni Networks Business value created through interaction. Relationships build capital.

Slide 10: Organizations as Networks Thought Leaders Verna Allee Wayne Baker Barry Wellman Value Networks Social Capital University of Toronto Steve Borgatti 1997 “The Knowledge Uni Michigan Networked individualism University o Maryland Evolution” UCINet 1988 Valdis Krebs Ronald Burt Inflow 1990 Mark Granovetter Uni. of Chicago Stanford University 2000 Ranjay Gulati Larry Prusak & Silicon Valley Networks Northwestern 1974 Getting a Job: A Relationship assets Tom Davenport Study of Contacts and Babson (IKO) Careers Harvard Rob Cross David Krackhardt John Seely Brown UVA Network Roundtable XEROX PARC Carnegie Mellon 1995 “People are the Survey software 1993- “The Company 2003 “The Hidden Power of Behind the Chart” HBR Company: Fast Social Networks” co-author Company” Andrew Parker (Stanford) 2000 IKO Moreno- 1931- Sociogram Jenny Ambrozek, SageNet LLC 2005 10

Slide 11: My ONA Influence Network “Applies the techniques of social network analysis to provide an x-ray into the inner workings of Patti Anklam an organization --- Net Work Author a powerful means Rob Cross of making invisible UVANetwork patterns of Roundtable information flow and collaboration in strategically important groups visible -Network Valdis Krebs Roundtable Inflow Developer

Slide 12: ONA Reveals Formal V Informal Structure Petroleum Drilling Key middle managers Peripheral people Isolated group Cross R. & Parker, A. 2003

Slide 13: “By having workers fill out a 15- to 20-minute online survey, Cross can chart who people communicate with, how much time is spent Globalization- preparing for which meetings, and where the Geographically spread bottlenecks are. "Then I ask executives: 'What decisions are you making that others can make?"' Mobile workforces says Cross. "Are there aspects of your role that you could let go of?“ Competitive business Rob Cross , Business Week Sept 23, 2005 environment seeking business value Social “Globalization and the Internet create great Why ONA Now? Capital new opportunities, but they also ratchet up the intensity of competition and generate more work -- especially with the existing corporate Search for valuable structure still hanging on tightly.” over quantity Shoshana Zuboff, Business Week Sept 23, 2005 of connections Collaboration Tools Social Email, IM, Portals, Blogs, Wikis, Tagging, Network Social Networking Platforms Analysis Wireless and Mobile Idea Marketplaces, Prediction Markets

Slide 14: Computer Network Value Reed, 1999 “(n]etworks that support the 1973- Metcalfe’s Law construction of communicating groups, create value that scales exponentially with network size” 1965-Gordon E. Moore “through the complexity of silicon chips doubling every year,the cost of computing power will accordingly decrease”

Slide 15: Influence Network ONLINE COMMUNITY REPORT CQSQUARE LINKEDIN JIM CASHEL ANNE MCKAY NANCY WHITE Most Influential... " You do realize that ASSOCIATION FOR INTERNET RESEARCHERS * Joe Cothrel HOWARD RHEINGOLD Metcalfe's law does * Howard Rheingold * Nancy White *IBM IKO Maznevski Martha * Jenny Ambrozek not work for social * Yahoo Online Facilitation Group JONATHAN SPIRA * Amy Jo Kim ETIENNE WENGER * Jim Cashel * KM Cluster networks, right?“ * Lisa Kimball KM CLUSTER CLUSTER KM KNOWLEDGEBOARD ~ Valdis Krebs OPEN SOURCE COMMUNITY HUBERT SAINT-ONGE IBM JERRY ASH DEBORAH AMIDON MICROSOFT Ambrozek&Cothrel/ Valdis Krebs 2004

Slide 16: Network Analysis a Measurement Tool

Slide 17: Organizational Network Analysis Metrics Al Bob Sue Ted Courtesy Rob Cross & Andrew Parker Network Roundtable, University of Virginia Lee Ann Cohesion --- Ease with which a network can connect Distance is the shortest path between two people. Lee--->Ted = 2 NOT 3 Aggregate measure at network level reflects average distance Density --- Robustness of network (group measure)  Number of connections in the group out of 100% possible in that network  General level of linkage. More points connected means quicker and more accurate information flow Centrality --- Identifies influential people (individual measure)  Number of direct connections that individuals have with others in the group  Individuals who have more ties to others may be in more advantaged positions; they may have access to more of the information or knowledge in the network

Slide 18: Energy “When you interact with this person, how does it typically affect your energy?”

Slide 19: Activity statistics tell an incomplete story Learning through participation and connecting intelligence Ambrozek, Axelrod & Mulliner 2007

Slide 20: Beyond Enterprise 2.0 Technology and Organizational Models

Slide 21: Connections Inside Enron Courtesy Trampoline Systems

Slide 22: Direct CONTROL lessens

Slide 23: Prediction Market Adoption Timeline showing corporate users and Wisdom of Crowds publication Courtesy of Newsfutures and Robin Hanson.

Slide 24: Architecting Participation 4. Using multiple tools created value From Ronald Burt (2000) we were aware of opportunities to create value around ‘structural holes’ in organisational networks. Hence we paid attention when it was suggested that it is ‘…the space between the tools where things happen’ (N. White 2007, pers. comm., 2 July). ~ Ambrozek, Axelrod & Mulliner 2007, Knowledge Tree STRUCTURAL HOLES and SPACE between the TOOLS

Slide 25: Participation is Individual & Complex Facilitators Roles High Engagement Low Engagement Adapted from Ross Mayfield April 2006 Attention Connection Participation Contribution

Slide 26: Architecting Participation Enterprise systems Paying attention to your organization’s STRUCTURAL HOLES and the SPACE between TOOLS 1. Business Purpose 2. Network Thinking 3. Diverse Minds 4. Connected Intelligence 5. Success Recognized Blogs Wikis Podcasting Tagging Social Networks Search Links Authoring Tags Extensions Signals Social Technology , Web 4.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 Web 1.0

Slide 27: Continuing the Conversation 21st Century Organization Blog http://c21org.typepad.com/ 21st Century Organization Facebook Group http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2436782733 Networked Organizations Wiki http://networkedorganizations.wikispaces.com/ Email jenny@sageway.com Thank you