Endocrine System, Nervous System and Homeostatic Control

Endocrine system Information signaling system Glands produce hormones Circulate through blood vessels Regulate: mood , growth and development , tissue function , and metabolism

Information signaling system

Glands produce hormones

Circulate through blood vessels

Regulate:

mood , growth and development , tissue function , and metabolism

Hypothalamus The hypothalamus controls body temperature , hunger , thirst , fatigue, anger, and circadian cycles . Secretes hormones that tell other glands to create their hormones GHRH

The hypothalamus controls body temperature , hunger , thirst , fatigue, anger, and circadian cycles .

Secretes hormones that tell other glands to create their hormones

GHRH

Pineal Body Secretes Melatonin Melatonin may help regulate sleep patterns

Secretes Melatonin

Melatonin may help regulate sleep patterns

Pituitary Gland Growth Blood Pressure Sex Organ Functions Conversion of food into energy Water regulation

Growth

Blood Pressure

Sex Organ Functions

Conversion of food into energy

Water regulation

Thyroid Controls how quickly the body burns energy , makes proteins , and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones .

Controls how quickly the body burns energy , makes proteins , and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones .

Parathyroid The sole function of the parathyroid glands is to maintain the body's calcium level within a very narrow range.

The sole function of the parathyroid glands is to maintain the body's calcium level within a very narrow range.

Pancreas Regulates blood sugar by producing Insulin

Regulates blood sugar by producing Insulin

Adrenal gland Produces Adrenaline Fight or Flight Response Dilate pupils Increase heart rate Suppress non emergency process Boost oxygen and glucose supply

Produces Adrenaline

Fight or Flight Response

Dilate pupils

Increase heart rate

Suppress non emergency process

Boost oxygen and glucose supply

Testes and Ovaries Both produce hormones to support body function Testes Testosterone Ovaries Progesterone Estrogens

Both produce hormones to support body function

Testes

Testosterone

Ovaries

Progesterone

Estrogens

Nervous system Made up of two major parts Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Made up of two major parts

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Neurons

Central Nervous System Brain and Spinal Cord Nerves Ganglion

Brain and Spinal Cord

Nerves

Ganglion

Brain Consists of lobes, Each lobe having different functions.

Consists of lobes, Each lobe having different functions.

Function Process information Dictate reactions and behaviors

Process information

Dictate reactions and behaviors

Peripheral Nervous system Nerves from spinal cord to rest of body Create locomotion Etc…

Nerves from spinal cord to rest of body

Create locomotion

Etc…

Feedback Loops Your nervous system is involved in almost all homeostatic control loops. Reflex arc Sensory Vs Motor Affector Vs Effector

Your nervous system is involved in almost all homeostatic control loops.

Reflex arc

Sensory Vs Motor

Affector Vs Effector

Neuron Function Dendrites Myelin Schwann Cells Axon Node of Ranvier

Dendrites

Myelin

Schwann Cells

Axon

Node of Ranvier

Threshold Before a neuron can send out a signal the stimuli has to pass the threshold

Before a neuron can send out a signal the stimuli has to pass the threshold

Action Potential An action potential is a nerve impulse An electrical shock sent down the axon

An action potential is a nerve impulse

An electrical shock sent down the axon

Action Potential

Synapse A synapse occurs where ever the action potential meets the end of the axon It needs to propagate across that gap It does this through chemical messengers

A synapse occurs where ever the action potential meets the end of the axon

It needs to propagate across that gap

It does this through chemical messengers

Neurotransmitter= Acetylcholine Enzyme that destroys it = Acetylcholinesterase

Synapse When Acetylcholine jumps across the gap, it tells the next neuron to fire it’s action potential and the process continues

When Acetylcholine jumps across the gap, it tells the next neuron to fire it’s action potential and the process continues

Homeostasis Summary Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal state within an organism. Organisms must respond and maintain homeostasis in relation to many factors. Organisms detect changes in their environment and respond to these changes in a variety of ways. These changes may occur at the cellular or organism level.

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal state within an organism.

Organisms must respond and maintain homeostasis in relation to many factors.

Organisms detect changes in their environment and respond to these changes in a variety of ways.

These changes may occur at the cellular or organism level.