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INTRODUCTION TO LITERARTURE AND LITERARY STUDIES,[object Object],Dr. Deeptha Achar,[object Object],Dr. Sachin Ketkar,[object Object],Associate Professors,,[object Object],Department of English, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara,[object Object]
What is Literature?,[object Object]
In English we generally use the word `literature’ in two ways.,[object Object],We use it WITH A DEFINITE ARTICLE or we use it WITHOUT A DEFINITE ARTICLE.,[object Object],When we use it with a definite article, as in `I want to read all THE literature available on swine flu’, it implies I have read everything which has appeared in print.,[object Object],When we use it without the definite article, as in ` I have selected literature as one of my subjects in the college’, it implies I am studying TEXTS which have SIGNIFICANT ARTISTIC VALUE in a particular culture, e.g. If I am studying Gujarati literature I am studying things like poems of JhaverchandMeghani or novels of Pannalal Patel.,[object Object],Meanings of the term `literature’,[object Object]
We tend to use the term ` English Literature’ for all literature written on the British Isles in English, e.g. Plays of Shakespeare, poems of Keats or novels of Thomas Hardy,[object Object],Sometimes we also study literature AVAILABLE in ENGLISH LANGUAGE, e.g. short stories of  Indian writer in English like RK Narayan or poems of  an American poet Robert Frost,[object Object],We also study literature from other languages TRANSLATED into ENGLISH when we study `English Literature’, e.g . Plays of GirishKarnad or short stories of Rabindranath Tagore,[object Object],‘English Literature’ or `Literature in English’,[object Object]
We study literature because it is extremely important part of our culture and society. ,[object Object],Literary studies is an all inclusive term for systematic study of literary texts. Literary studies adds to our knowledge of literature.,[object Object],Literary studies includes literary criticism, literary history and comparative literary studies,[object Object],Literary Studies,[object Object]
Literary criticism is a reasoned and systematic discussion of literature.,[object Object],The word `criticism’ usually does not have the negative meaning we usually associate with the word `criticism’. ,[object Object],Criticism is usually of two types: Theoretical criticism and practical criticism.,[object Object],Literary Criticism,[object Object]
`Theory’ is usually contrasted with `practice’.,[object Object],By `theory’ we imply more generalized, abstract and conceptual discussion of literature like the definition of `literariness’, classification of various types of literature, relation of literature and society, literary values and so on. ,[object Object],Aristotle’s Poetics and Bharata’s Natyashastra would be examples of earliest theoretical criticism.,[object Object],Rene Wellek and Austin Warren’s Theory of Literature and Jonathan Culler’s Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction are recent examples of theoretical criticism.,[object Object],Literary Theory,[object Object]
Practical criticism involves ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION and EVALUATION of PARTICULAR  literary texts, rather than discussion of literature in general. ,[object Object],Theoretical issues may be explicitly stated or implicitly assumed in practical criticism.,[object Object],Practical Criticism,[object Object]
Literary History implies history of particular literature, e.gHistory of Gujarati Literature or History of English Literature,[object Object],Literary history is concerned with changes in literary norms, periodization , dominant trends, authors, texts of various periods  and traditions.,[object Object],Historical criticism is an attempt to understand authors and literary texts in their cultural, social and historical context.,[object Object],Historical criticism helps in writing literary history and literary history helps historical criticism.,[object Object],Literary history and historical criticism,[object Object]

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Introduction To Literarture And Literary Studies

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