12 04-11 - the new covenant (for web)

The New Covenant Heb 8:7-13

The quotation of Jer. 31:31-34, the longest OTquotation in the NT, plays a vital role in the book’sdiscourse on Christ’s superior high-priestly offering(8:3-10:18), laying the groundwork for the climaxof the book’s christological exposition. Beale & Carson, Commentary on the NT use of the OT, 970

“Covenant” – pact, pledge, alliance, agreement, promiseWording – to “cut a covenant” (cf. Gen 15)• Visual demonstration incurring sobriety for the significance of the agreement reached & sealed• Meant to ensure fulfillment of agreement, by consenting (generally mutually) to the death of the one who breaks covenant

Covenants

(Adamic) Noahic Abrahamic Mosaic Davidic New Gen 1-2 Gen 9 Gen 12 Exo 19-24 2 Sam 7 Jer 31:33-34 Gen 13 Hos 6:7 Gen 15 Deut 26-28 Ezek 36:23-36 Gen 17 Gen 22 Conditional: Unconditional: Unconditional: Conditional: Unconditional: Unconditional: (w/o God’s Exclusive Forgiveness immediate devotion and RegenerationObedience to presence) (Circumcision) absolute Holy Spiritone command obedience to Restoration Provision: YHWH Seasonal Provision & stability Great Name Provision & Great Name Provision & protection Great Nation protection Eternal Rest protectionenjoying God’s Protection: A Seed enjoying God’s Eternal House enjoying God’s presence in No more A Land presence in Eternal Throne unlimited Paradise universal flood A Blessing Canaan Eternal Kingdom presence

Creation Fall Redemption Consummation 4000 BC? 4000 BC – 2300 BC 2300 BC – 2000 BC 2000 BC – 1500 BC 1500 BC – 33 AD 33 AD – ?? 1000 yrs + Eternity! Rest of OT Genesis (& Gospels) Pentateuch (Revelation Signals Redemption) [Mosaic Cov.] Law Davidic Covenant Promise Abrahamic Covenant Human Gov’t Noahic Covenant ConscienceInnocence Individuals Family Clan Nation

Mosaic CovenantInitiated in Exo 24:3-8, & confirmed with blood• The people themselves are sprinkled with “the blood of the covenant”

Covenant Renewals• Exo 34:10 (Moses – 1st generation, after golden calf)• Deut 29:1(Moses – 2nd generation, after wild. wand.)• Josh 24 (Joshua – 2nd generation, after initial conq.)• 1 Sam 12 (Samuel – upon the institution of the king)• 2 Chron 29-31 (Hezekiah – roughly 725 BC)• 2 Kgs 22-23 (Josiah – roughly 625 BC)• Neh 8-9 (upon returning to the land after captivity)

Creation Fall Redemption Consummation 4000 BC? 4000 BC – 2300 BC 2300 BC – 2000 BC 2000 BC – 1500 BC 1500 BC – 33 AD 33 AD – ?? 1000 yrs + Eternity! Rest of OT Genesis (& Gospels) Pentateuch Grace New Covenant (Revelation Signals Redemption) [Mosaic Cov.] Law Davidic Covenant Promise Abrahamic Covenant Human Gov’t Noahic Covenant ConscienceInnocence Individuals Family Clan Nation World

Covenant Renewals• Exo 34:10 (Moses – 1st generation)• Deut 29:1(Moses – 2nd generation)• Josh 24 (Joshua – 2nd generation)• 1 Sam 12 (Samuel – institution of king)• 2 Chron 29-31 (Hezekiah – 725 BC)• 2 Kgs 22-23 (Josiah – 625 BC) – Jeremiah “New” Covenant – Also, Ezek 34, 36-37 & Isa 40-55 – Jeremiah’s New Covenant most familiar b/c directly quoted twice in Hebrews (8:9-13 / 10:15-18)

Creation Fall Redemption Consummation 4000 BC? 4000 BC – 2300 BC 2300 BC – 2000 BC 2000 BC – 1500 BC 1500 BC – 33 AD 33 AD – ?? 1000 yrs + Eternity! Rest of OT New Genesis Testament Kingdom (& Gospels) Pentateuch Grace New Covenant (Revelation Signals Redemption) [Mosaic Cov.] Law Davidic Covenant Promise Abrahamic Covenant Human Gov’t Noahic Covenant ConscienceInnocence Individuals Family Clan Nation World Cosmos

So, where does the “New” Covenant fit?

Creation Fall Redemption Consummation Text: Bible Height of Conflict: Reversal: Jesus, the Messiah Jesus, the Messiah Perfect cov’t leadership rejected Perfect cov’t leadership confirmed – Crucifixion – Resurrection Conflict Intensifies: Resolution Begins: God enters into covenant w/ His people ([Noah], Abraham, Moses, Levi [Phinehas], David) The Church (New Covenant initiated) God establishes leadership for His people – God’s heavenly people on earth (Prophets, Priests, Judges, Kings) Driving Conflict: Rejection of covenant by ldrship – Exile/Restoration (New Covenant promised) Conflict Unravels: God’s Glory in Salvation through The Millennium – Messiah reigns Conflict Builds: Judgment (New Covenant realized / Curse removed) Personal Degradation – Cain, Lamech – God on earth w/ His people (James Hamilton) Universal Judgment – Flood, Babel Convergence of Abr., David., & New Cov’tsSetting: Occasioning Event: Conflict Resolved: Outcome: Fall – Man rejects God’s – God’s Glory in Re-Creation of God’s Glory in Creation righteous rule and God’s Glory in Judgment New Heavens/New Earth of violates God’s Glory – Heavens & Earth destroyed – God’s right. rule established Heavens & Earth over New Cov’t Community Creation cursed in New Creation

Creation Fall Redemption Consummation

Different word than used in Eschatological significance –used 3 times in Jer 31 context Heb 8:8-12 LXX in Jer 31 – “to bring to completion/fulfillment”"Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will establish a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah, 9 not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt. For they did not continue in my covenant, and so I showed no concern for them, declares the Lord. 10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those 1 days, declares the Lord: I will put my laws into their minds, and write 2 them on their hearts, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 11 And they shall not teach, each one his neighbor and each one his brother, saying, Know the Lord, 3 they shall all know me, from the least of them for to the greatest. 4 12 For I will be merciful toward their iniquities, and I will remember their sins no more."

What was wrong with the Old Cov’t?• With it, God found “fault” – v. 8 – possessing defect – blameworthy – cf. 7:19 – “the Law made nothing perfect”• In establishing a “new” covenant, God made the first one “obsolete” – v. 13 – to make old/antiquated – outmoded, outdated – useless

Without the Temple, there was no altar, no Holyof Holies. There could therefore be no sacrificesand no ministering priesthood. And without apriesthood and its sacrifices, there could be noOld Covenant. It was finished. . . The destructionof the Temple completed the closing of the OldCovenant – by removing the place of sacrifice thatno longer served a purpose. The age of theMosaic law and the Levitical priests was over.The age of the Son was come forever. – MacArthur

But isn’t the New Cov’t for Israel?• Convergence of all the covenants – Adamic – Noahic – Abrahamic – Mosaic – Davidic

(Adamic) Noahic Abrahamic Mosaic Davidic New Gen 1-2 Gen 9 Gen 12 Exo 19-24 2 Sam 7 Jer 31:33-34 Gen 13 Hos 6:7 Gen 15 Deut 26-28 Ezek 36:23-36 Gen 17 Gen 22 Conditional: Unconditional: Unconditional: Conditional: Unconditional: Unconditional: Forgiveness Regeneration Holy Spirit A Seed Restoration Exclusive Provision & Earthly stability A Blessing devotion and protection & blessing absolute Provision &enjoying God’s obedience to Eternal Rest protection presence on To become a YHWH Eternal House enjoying God’s Earth blessing . . . Eternal Throne unlimited to all nations Eternal Kingdom presence

NT Uses of “New Covenant”• Luk 22:20 Last Supper• 1 Cor 11:25• 2 Cor 3:6 Us as participants!• Heb 8:8• Heb 9:15 Jesus as Mediator• Heb 12:24

The Connection of the Covenant & the Blood• Heb 9:12 – purchases an eternal redemption• Heb 9:14 – provides an internal regeneration• Heb 10:19-20 – opens a “new & living way”• Heb 10:29 – “the blood of the covenant” is what is “spurned” when the new covenant is rejected• Heb 12:24 – “speaks” to one who is accepted• Heb 13:12 – shed “outside the camp” for those within• Heb 13:20 – “the blood of the eternal covenant” (!)

The New Covenant . . . Replacing all that comes before . . .It anticipates all that is yet to come. And it’s ours . . . today! (And forever!)

12 04-11 - the new covenant (for web)

by ryweberg on Jan 25, 2012

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