Key Factors Leading to Wind Energy Development in Spain Carlos Rymer MPA-Environmental Science and Policy School of International and Public Affairs Columbia University Results for Global Winds of Change: The Development of the Wind Energy Industry

Agenda Country Profile The Spanish Electricity Market Research Goals Methodology Findings Conclusions Results for Global Winds of Change: The Development of the Wind Energy Industry

Country Profile

The Spanish Electricity Market

Research Goals

Methodology

Findings

Conclusions

Country Profile Located in Southwestern Europe (40.5 million people) GDP was $1.4 trillion in 2007 (3.8% growth rate) Unemployment was 8.3% in 2007, but higher now due to global financial crisis Leading sectors are tourism, textiles, metals, food and beverages, chemicals, and automakers Results for Global Winds of Change: The Development of the Wind Energy Industry Source : CIA World Factbook

Located in Southwestern Europe (40.5 million people)

GDP was $1.4 trillion in 2007 (3.8% growth rate)

Unemployment was 8.3% in 2007, but higher now due to global financial crisis

Leading sectors are tourism, textiles, metals, food and beverages, chemicals, and automakers

The Changing Electricity Mix Results for Global Winds of Change: The Development of the Wind Energy Industry Source : EIA, 2005; 2008

Legislative History Due to EU Directive, Spain liberalized the electricity sector in 1997 with the Electric Power Law 1998 Royal Decree created Special Regime with feed-in tariff that included wind energy 1999-2010 National Renewable Energy Plan contemplates for wind energy to supply 12% of electricity demand Results for Global Winds of Change: The Development of the Wind Energy Industry

Due to EU Directive, Spain liberalized the electricity sector in 1997 with the Electric Power Law

1998 Royal Decree created Special Regime with feed-in tariff that included wind energy

1999-2010 National Renewable Energy Plan contemplates for wind energy to supply 12% of electricity demand

Institutional Framework Results for Global Winds of Change: The Development of the Wind Energy Industry Source : EIA, 2005

Wind Energy Installations Results for Global Winds of Change: The Development of the Wind Energy Industry

Goals of Research Project Analyze the business and political environment of the Spanish wind energy industry. Determine what factors played an important role in the growth of the Spanish wind energy industry. Results for Global Winds of Change: The Development of the Wind Energy Industry

Analyze the business and political environment of the Spanish wind energy industry.

Determine what factors played an important role in the growth of the Spanish wind energy industry.

Methodology Secondary Research Lexis-Nexis articles (1990-2008) Scholarly articles Reports by NGOs and bilateral organizations Results for Global Winds of Change: The Development of the Wind Energy Industry Interviews Greenpeace-Spain Navarra’s Department of Innovation, Enterprise, and Employment World Futures Council Strategy : Find key statistics from secondary research and determine factors important to policy outcomes and industry growth from interviews.

Secondary Research

Lexis-Nexis articles (1990-2008)

Scholarly articles

Reports by NGOs and bilateral organizations

Interviews

Greenpeace-Spain

Navarra’s Department of Innovation, Enterprise, and Employment

World Futures Council

Findings Results for Global Winds of Change: The Development of the Wind Energy Industry

Conclusions Spain’s wind energy industry was a result of the need for job creation, energy independence, greenhouse gas reductions, and economic development. Other key factors included an apolitical government willing to work with the private sector and the public to design appropriate policy, educational efforts by NGOs, and regional political influence. Country’s with heavy reliance on imported fuels, available labor force and wind resources, and enough financial resources can develop wind energy production and manufacturing capacity. Results for Global Winds of Change: The Development of the Wind Energy Industry

Spain’s wind energy industry was a result of the need for job creation, energy independence, greenhouse gas reductions, and economic development.

Other key factors included an apolitical government willing to work with the private sector and the public to design appropriate policy, educational efforts by NGOs, and regional political influence.

Country’s with heavy reliance on imported fuels, available labor force and wind resources, and enough financial resources can develop wind energy production and manufacturing capacity.

Questions? Please contact at [email_address] . Results for Global Winds of Change: The Development of the Wind Energy Industry

Please contact at [email_address] .