This document discusses Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Frederick Herzberg's hygiene and motivational factors theories of motivation. [1] Maslow's hierarchy proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological and safety needs before pursuing higher needs for love, esteem, and self-actualization. [2] Herzberg differentiated between "hygiene factors" which prevent dissatisfaction if present, like salary and working conditions, and "motivators" which stimulate real motivation, like recognition and achievement. [3] Herzberg argued that motivators are more effective for improving motivation and performance than hygiene factors alone.

1. Leadership &
Human Behavior
RUTH B. ASCUNA
MAED – EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT

2. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
• Two major groups of human needs:
a)Basic needs
b)Meta needs (higher needs)

3. • Basic Needs are physiological,
such as food, water, and sleep;
and psychological, such as
affection, security, and self-
esteem. These basic needs are
also called “deficiency needs”
because if they are not met by
an individual, then that person
will strive to make up the
deficiency.

5. 2. Safety — feel free from
immediate danger.

6. 3. Belongingness and love —
belong to a group, close friends
to confide with.

7. 4. Esteem — feeling of moving
up in world, recognition, few
doubts about self.

8. 5. Cognitive — to be free of the good
opinion of others — learning for
learning alone, contribute knowledge.

9. 6. Aesthetic — to do things not simply
for the outcome but because it's the
reason you are here on earth — at
peace, more curious about the inner
workings of all things.

10. 7. Self-actualization — know exactly
who you are, where you are going, and
what you want to accomplish. A state
of well-being.

11. 8. Self-transcendence — a transegoic
level that emphasizes visionary
intuition, altruism, and unity
consciousness.

12. • Note: Transegoic means a higher,
psychic, or spiritual state of
development. The trans is related
to transcendence, while the ego is
based on Freud's work. We go
from preEGOic levels to EGOic
levels to transEGOic. The EGO in
all three terms are used in the
Jungian sense of consciousness as
opposed to the unconscious. Ego
equates with the personality.

13. There may be peak experiences for
temporary self-actualization and self-
transcendence.
• These are our spiritual or
creative moments .

14. Characteristics of self-
actualizing people:
• Have better perceptions of
reality and are comfortable with
it.

15. • Accept themselves and their own
natures.
• Lack of artificiality.
• They focus on problems outside
themselves and are concerned
with basic issues and eternal
questions.
• They like privacy and tend to be
detached.
• Rely on their own development

16. • Appreciate the basic pleasures of life
(e.g. do not take blessings for
granted).
• Have a deep feeling of kinship with
others.
• Are deeply democratic and are not
really aware of differences.
• Have strong ethical and moral
standards.
• Are original, inventive, less
constricted and fresher than others

17. self-actualization
• the ultimate goal of life in Maslow's
model, which is almost never fully
attained but rather is something to
always strive towards. Peak
experiences are temporary self-
actualizations.

18. Herzberg's Hygiene and Motivational
Factors
• Frederick Herzberg was considered
one of the most influential
management consultants and
professors of the modern postwar era.
Herzberg was probably best known for
his challenging thinking on work and
motivation. He was considered both
an icon and legend among visionaries
such as Abraham Maslow, Peter
Drucker, and Douglas MacGregor.

19. Frederick Herzberg

20. Herzberg's Hygiene and Motivational Factors

21. Hygiene or Dissatisfiers:
•8. Self-transcendence — a transegoic (see Note below) level that
emphasizes visionary intuition, altruism, and unity consciousness.
•7. Self-actualization — know exactly who you are, where you are
going, and what you want to accomplish. A state of well-being.
•6. Aesthetic — to do things not simply for the outcome but because it's
the reason you are here on earth — at peace, more curious about the
inner workings of all things.
•5. Cognitive — to be free of the good opinion of others — learning for
learning alone, contribute knowledge.
•4. Esteem — feeling of moving up in world, recognition, few doubts
about self.
•3. Belongingness and love — belong to a group, close friends to
confide with.
•2. Safety — feel free from immediate danger.
•1. Physiological — food, water, shelter, sex.

22. Motivators or Satisfiers:
• Recognition

25. • Growth

27. • Job challenge

29. • Hygiene or dissatisfiers factors must be
present in the job before motivators can
be used to stimulate a person. That is,
you cannot use motivators until all the
hygiene factors are met. Herzberg's
needs are specifically job related and
reflect some of the distinct things that
people want from their work as opposed
to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs which
reflect all the needs in a person's life.

30. • Building on this model, Herzberg coined
the term job enrichment — the process of
redesigning work in order to build in
motivators by increasing both the number
of tasks that an employee performs and
the control over those tasks. It is
associated with the design of jobs and is
an extension of job enlargement (an
increase in the number of tasks that an
employee performs).

31. “
Leadership is applicable to all fac
”
John G Agno

32. Ecclesiastes 5:18-19
Then I realized that it is good and proper
for a man to eat and drink, and to find
satisfaction in his toilsome labor under the sun
during the few days of life God has given him
—for this is his lot. Moreover, when God gives
any man wealth and possessions, and enables
him to enjoy them, to accept his lot and be
happy in his work—this is a gift of God.

33. Thank you & God bless us all!!!