Cloud Computing Primer: Steps for using the Cloud in Your Museum Ari Davidow – jwa.org Charles Moad – imamuseum.org Robert Stein - imamuseum.org

wikipedia on cloud computing via wordle.net

CLOUD COMPUTING CLOUD APPLICATIONS UTILITY COMPUTING

Cloud Applications ... eliminate the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computer, thus alleviating the burden of software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support.

Cloud Applications

Utility Computing … a style of computing where scalable and elastic IT-related capabilities are provided as a service to external customers using Internet technologies.

Utility Computing

Buzz Worthy Search Trends for “cloud computing” Via Google Search Trends

Source “Cloud Computing Gains in Currency”, Pew Research, May 2008 http://pewresearch.org/pubs/948/cloud-computing-gains-in-currency 69% of Americans use cloud computing services

Gartner’s Hype Cycle for 2009 image courtesy of gartner.com

21% of companies are piloting SaaS applications up from 18% last year – Forrester, Feb 2009

In Forrester’s List of the Top 15 Technology Trends

State of Cloud Computing Forrester feels that cloud computing is one of the Top 15 Technology Trends and that it warrants investment now so you can gain the experience necessary to take advantage of it in its many forms to transform your organization into a more efficient and responsive service provider to the business - Forrester, October 13, 2009, “ http://blogs.forrester.com/it_infrastructure/2009/10/cloud-computing-belongs-on-your-3year-roadmap.html

Forrester feels that cloud computing is one of the Top 15 Technology Trends and that it warrants investment now so you can gain the experience necessary to take advantage of it in its many forms to transform your organization into a more efficient and responsive service provider to the business

- Forrester, October 13, 2009,

Gartner’s #1 Strategic Technology Area for 2010

State of Cloud Computing Cloud computing isn't going to be vapor much longer… It's complicated, poses security risks, and computing technology companies are latching onto the buzzword in droves, but the phenomenon should be taken seriously… -Gartner - October 20,2009 http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-10378782-264.html “

Concerns about SaaS

Pros of Cloud Computing Fast Deployment Lower cost / No Capital Expense Reduced IT maintenance Elastic and Unlimited Scalability Energy Efficiency Reliability (Service & Data) Better Resource Utilization

Fast Deployment

Lower cost / No Capital Expense

Reduced IT maintenance

Elastic and Unlimited Scalability

Energy Efficiency

Reliability (Service & Data)

Better Resource Utilization

Cons of Cloud Computing Information Security Physical Security Long Term Offline Storage Bandwidth Bottleneck Potential Vendor Lock-in Lack of control during downtime

Information Security

Physical Security

Long Term Offline Storage

Bandwidth Bottleneck

Potential Vendor Lock-in

Lack of control during downtime

Amazon Web Services (AWS) Overview Amazon Web Services (AWS) Infrastructure Services Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Simple Storage Service (S3) SimpleDB Simple Queue Service (SQS) Elastic Block Store (EBS) Elastic MapReduce CloudFront Content Delivery Network Relational Database Service (RDS) Virtual Private Cloud

How to make choices about Cloud Computing What sort of security requirements fit your data? How granular is the information you’re working with? (documents, images, video?) Where are your likely performance bottlenecks? (compute, bandwith, latency) What is your IT staff like? (small but flexible, large)

What sort of security requirements fit your data?

How granular is the information you’re working with? (documents, images, video?)

Where are your likely performance bottlenecks? (compute, bandwith, latency)

What is your IT staff like? (small but flexible, large)

Jungle Disk

Jungle Disk - $20 / www.jungledisk.com

Requires Amazon S3 account, and the requisite keys: JungleDisk software installed

Amazon S3 account, and the requisite keys:

JungleDisk software installed

Usage Backs up at scheduled times Can back up more than one machine, or to more than one backup set The first backup may take days – or longer. No problem. The software gracefully goes to sleep when you shut down or hibernate; resumes upon waking until done Can retrieve files using drag/drop interface using pull-down to set the date of the view from which you wish to retrieve (i.e., let me see the files as they were on July 7, 2008). Retrieves files gracefully and quickly

Backs up at scheduled times

Can back up more than one machine, or to more than one backup set

The first backup may take days – or longer. No problem. The software gracefully goes to sleep when you shut down or hibernate; resumes upon waking until done

Can retrieve files using drag/drop interface using pull-down to set the date of the view from which you wish to retrieve (i.e., let me see the files as they were on July 7, 2008).

Retrieves files gracefully and quickly

Converse Example

IMA’s SAN IMA Purchased 32TB of EMC SAN in 2006 16TB local and 16TB at an offsite co-location facility Due to growth in Collection Photography, Video, and Conservation Imagery that space is all but full!

IMA Purchased 32TB of EMC SAN in 2006

16TB local and 16TB at an offsite co-location facility

Due to growth in Collection Photography, Video, and Conservation Imagery that space is all but full!

IMA’s SAN Benchmark Growth Rate Total Current Size – Initial Size / 36 months Ballpark Rate of 142 GB/month Yielding 13.9TB estimated in the next 4 years

Benchmark Growth Rate

Total Current Size – Initial Size / 36 months

Ballpark Rate of 142 GB/month

Yielding 13.9TB estimated in the next 4 years

IMA’s SAN 16TB Onsite + 14TB AWS = $164,544 16TB Onsite + 16TB Colo = $94,200

16TB Onsite + 14TB AWS = $164,544

16TB Onsite + 16TB Colo = $94,200

Hidden Costs DS3+Colo = $96,000 (3 yr commitment) Maintenance and administration of servers (2 FTE’s) As replicated backup for super large file-systems time for restore would be huge!

DS3+Colo = $96,000 (3 yr commitment)

Maintenance and administration of servers (2 FTE’s)

As replicated backup for super large file-systems time for restore would be huge!

Tools S3Fox AWS Console Elastic Fox

S3Fox

AWS Console

Elastic Fox

Moving Drupal to the Cloud: Step by step

Introducing the EC2 Console

Creating a Key Pair

Creating a Security Group

Selecting a Starter AMI

Launching an AMI

Connecting to Your EC2 Instance

Creating an EBS Volume

Configuring Apache and MySQL

Setting up Drupal

Bundling an AMI

ami-764bab1f

Fedora for DAM

Fedora as a testbed on AWS Project Goals: External vendor to create least-possible Fedora instance to enable preservation work

Summary Create on AWS and hand over instance when done When dev site is completed, create “Amazon Machine Instance” and check into Subversion Document installation and everything else in wiki We create new instance from checked-out AMI This ensures that we have maintainable code that we can get up and running, before developer moves on

Create on AWS and hand over instance when done

When dev site is completed, create “Amazon Machine Instance” and check into Subversion

Document installation and everything else in wiki

We create new instance from checked-out AMI

This ensures that we have maintainable code that we can get up and running, before developer moves on

What we did Original server created using developer’s favorite Linux We use CentOS, so when we checked out the AMI, we recreated running under CentOS, bundled new AMI to S3 AMIs can be independent of the underlying OS

Original server created using developer’s favorite Linux

We use CentOS, so when we checked out the AMI, we recreated running under CentOS, bundled new AMI to S3

AMIs can be independent of the underlying OS

Bugs Our repository, which consists of lots of very large files, uses a unix filesystem called XFS XFS supports very large volumes better the usual filesystem, and supports real-time snapshotting of huge file-systems AWS updated CentOS and broke XFS We (actually, our webmaster) rebuilt kernel to work around AWS CentOS bug

Our repository, which consists of lots of very large files, uses a unix filesystem called XFS

XFS supports very large volumes better the usual filesystem, and supports real-time snapshotting of huge file-systems

AWS updated CentOS and broke XFS

We (actually, our webmaster) rebuilt kernel to work around AWS CentOS bug

Other Gotchas An EC2 instance doesn’t preserve state When you restart, it restarts from scratch All config changes, anything else that was done and saved to the previous instance is gone So, you use EBS, which acts something like a network drive (think NetApps) You purchase blocks of EBS space at a time, but it is cheaper than S3 per GB/Month This is different from S3 storage where you pay only for what you consume

An EC2 instance doesn’t preserve state

When you restart, it restarts from scratch

All config changes, anything else that was done and saved to the previous instance is gone

So, you use EBS, which acts something like a network drive (think NetApps)

You purchase blocks of EBS space at a time, but it is cheaper than S3 per GB/Month

This is different from S3 storage where you pay only for what you consume

AMIs Amazon Machine Instance Sort of like a “ghost”ed server image Amazon (and others) provide lots of AMIs to work with AMIs can be public or private You can use different AMIs on different servers in your AWS setup “ bundling” is the AWS term for saving that AMI with your modifications for future use. We store AMIs on S3; could also use EBS

Amazon Machine Instance

Sort of like a “ghost”ed server image

Amazon (and others) provide lots of AMIs to work with

AMIs can be public or private

You can use different AMIs on different servers in your AWS setup

“ bundling” is the AWS term for saving that AMI with your modifications for future use.

We store AMIs on S3; could also use EBS

Lessons Learned We liked AWS so much, and saved so much money, that we have now moved all of our web services to AWS. Our website used to cost us $1200/mo. It has added about $450/mo to what we already pay for the Fedora instance – about $900/mo total.

We liked AWS so much, and saved so much money, that we have now moved all of our web services to AWS.

Our website used to cost us $1200/mo. It has added about $450/mo to what we already pay for the Fedora instance – about $900/mo total.

Rightscale – basic services free www.rightscale.com

AWS Infrastructure Amazon Web Services (AWS) Infrastructure Services Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Simple Storage Service (S3) SimpleDB Simple Queue Service (SQS) Elastic Block Store (EBS) Elastic MapReduce CloudFront Content Delivery Network Relational Database Service (RDS) Virtual Private Cloud

Scalabble

Video Processing

Total Monthly AWS

Monthly Bill for ArtBabble.org Web Server

Monthly Bill for Wowza Video Server(s)

AWS Bill - CloudFront

AWS Bill – EC2

AWS Bill – S3

AWS Bill - Wowza

The Numbers (so far) 150,000 video views (168k visits / 576k pages) 81,000 note clicks 1:3 of the notes expanded 22,400 views of “Behind the Babble” 25,015 views of most popular YouTube video posted Feb. 1 st , 2008 5,000 registered users 44% signed up using OpenID (but didn’t realize it)

150,000 video views (168k visits / 576k pages)

81,000 note clicks

1:3 of the notes expanded

22,400 views of “Behind the Babble”

25,015 views of most popular YouTube video posted Feb. 1 st , 2008

5,000 registered users

44% signed up using OpenID (but didn’t realize it)

The Numbers (so far) for geeks 112 hours of video processed 525 videos 1700 instance hours At a cost of ~ $0.65 per video April 1 st – October 30 th 167,000 visitors From 166 countries April 1 st – September 31 st 1.1TB of web data transferred out At a transfer cost of $200 1.25TB of video streamed At a transfer cost of $250 11 Mbps average transfer on embedded videos IMA just upgraded to 5Mb pipe Fall ‘08

112 hours of video processed

525 videos

1700 instance hours

At a cost of ~ $0.65 per video

April 1 st – October 30 th

167,000 visitors

From 166 countries

April 1 st – September 31 st

1.1TB of web data transferred out

At a transfer cost of $200

1.25TB of video streamed

At a transfer cost of $250

11 Mbps average transfer on embedded videos

IMA just upgraded to 5Mb pipe Fall ‘08

QUESTIONS?