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    <pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 22:59:53 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Nachhaltige, innovative eGovernment-L&#246;sungen basierend auf dem Open Source Community-Prinzip</title>
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        <![CDATA[<img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/egovernmentsymposium2009opensourcecommunityprinzip-091117170016-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1258499224" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> „Einsparungen durch Mehrfachnutzung und offene Standards: Dank dem Prinzip Einmal entwickeln - mehrfach anwenden, offenen Standards und gegenseitigem Austausch werden die Investitionen optimal genutzt.“ Dieser Grundsatz, zitiert aus der E-Government-Strategie Schweiz, illustriert prägnant die Vorteile von Open Source Software und Open Standards für E-Government Vorhaben.

Aber nicht nur die freie Wiederverwendung der Technologien selbst, sondern auch deren Herstellungsprozesse bieten öffentlichen Institutionen Potential für Kostenersparnisse und Innovationen um eine nachhaltige Digitalisierung sicherzustellen. Neue, kollaborative Ansätze der Software-Entwicklung in öffentlichen Verwaltungen sind erfolgreich wie das von mehreren Kantonen gemeinschaftlich entwickelte Gemeinderegistersystem GERES für die Volkszählung 2010 oder Beschaffungspraktiken des Vereins Schweizerische Städte- und Gemeinde-Informatik SSGI zeigen. Wie diese Beispiele demonstrieren, erlauben innovative Organisationsstrukturen, anlehnend an das Community-Prinzip von Open Source Projekten, die hemmenden Seiten des Föderalismus zu überwinden und gewährleisten gleichzeitig die Handlungsfreiheit und Abdeckung der individuellen Bedürfnissen der einzelnen Verwaltungsstellen.

Das Referat erläutert Grundlagen des Open Source Entwicklungsmodells, portraitiert aktuelle E-Government Projekte basierend auf Open Source Software und Open Standards und zeigt auf, wie Behörden künftig noch besser die Vorteile des Community-Prinzips nutzen können. Insbesondere werden der Begriff der &quot;Digitalen Nachhaltigkeit&quot; eingeführt und aktuelle Tätigkeiten aus der gleichnamigen Parlamentarischen Gruppe zusammengefasst.]]>
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Aber nicht nur die freie Wiederverwendung der Technologien selbst, sondern auch deren Herstellungsprozesse bieten öffentlichen Institutionen Potential für Kostenersparnisse und Innovationen um eine nachhaltige Digitalisierung sicherzustellen. Neue, kollaborative Ansätze der Software-Entwicklung in öffentlichen Verwaltungen sind erfolgreich wie das von mehreren Kantonen gemeinschaftlich entwickelte Gemeinderegistersystem GERES für die Volkszählung 2010 oder Beschaffungspraktiken des Vereins Schweizerische Städte- und Gemeinde-Informatik SSGI zeigen. Wie diese Beispiele demonstrieren, erlauben innovative Organisationsstrukturen, anlehnend an das Community-Prinzip von Open Source Projekten, die hemmenden Seiten des Föderalismus zu überwinden und gewährleisten gleichzeitig die Handlungsfreiheit und Abdeckung der individuellen Bedürfnissen der einzelnen Verwaltungsstellen.

Das Referat erläutert Grundlagen des Open Source Entwicklungsmodells, portraitiert aktuelle E-Government Projekte basierend auf Open Source Software und Open Standards und zeigt auf, wie Behörden künftig noch besser die Vorteile des Community-Prinzips nutzen können. Insbesondere werden der Begriff der &quot;Digitalen Nachhaltigkeit&quot; eingeführt und aktuelle Tätigkeiten aus der gleichnamigen Parlamentarischen Gruppe zusammengefasst.]]>
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        <media:description type="plain">&#8222;Einsparungen durch Mehrfachnutzung und offene Standards: Dank dem Prinzip Einmal entwickeln - mehrfach anwenden, offenen Standards und gegenseitigem Austausch werden die Investitionen optimal genutzt.&#8220; Dieser Grundsatz, zitiert aus der E-Government-Strategie Schweiz, illustriert pr&#228;gnant die Vorteile von Open Source Software und Open Standards f&#252;r E-Government Vorhaben.

Aber nicht nur die freie Wiederverwendung der Technologien selbst, sondern auch deren Herstellungsprozesse bieten &#246;ffentlichen Institutionen Potential f&#252;r Kostenersparnisse und Innovationen um eine nachhaltige Digitalisierung sicherzustellen. Neue, kollaborative Ans&#228;tze der Software-Entwicklung in &#246;ffentlichen Verwaltungen sind erfolgreich wie das von mehreren Kantonen gemeinschaftlich entwickelte Gemeinderegistersystem GERES f&#252;r die Volksz&#228;hlung 2010 oder Beschaffungspraktiken des Vereins Schweizerische St&#228;dte- und Gemeinde-Informatik SSGI zeigen. Wie diese Beispiele demonstrieren, erlauben innovative Organisationsstrukturen, anlehnend an das Community-Prinzip von Open Source Projekten, die hemmenden Seiten des F&#246;deralismus zu &#252;berwinden und gew&#228;hrleisten gleichzeitig die Handlungsfreiheit und Abdeckung der individuellen Bed&#252;rfnissen der einzelnen Verwaltungsstellen.

Das Referat erl&#228;utert Grundlagen des Open Source Entwicklungsmodells, portraitiert aktuelle E-Government Projekte basierend auf Open Source Software und Open Standards und zeigt auf, wie Beh&#246;rden k&#252;nftig noch besser die Vorteile des Community-Prinzips nutzen k&#246;nnen. Insbesondere werden der Begriff der &amp;quot;Digitalen Nachhaltigkeit&amp;quot; eingef&#252;hrt und aktuelle T&#228;tigkeiten aus der gleichnamigen Parlamentarischen Gruppe zusammengefasst.</media:description>
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Aber nicht nur die freie Wiederverwendung der Technologien selbst, sondern auch deren Herstellungsprozesse bieten &#246;ffentlichen Institutionen Potential f&#252;r Kostenersparnisse und Innovationen um eine nachhaltige Digitalisierung sicherzustellen. Neue, kollaborative Ans&#228;tze der Software-Entwicklung in &#246;ffentlichen Verwaltungen sind erfolgreich wie das von mehreren Kantonen gemeinschaftlich entwickelte Gemeinderegistersystem GERES f&#252;r die Volksz&#228;hlung 2010 oder Beschaffungspraktiken des Vereins Schweizerische St&#228;dte- und Gemeinde-Informatik SSGI zeigen. Wie diese Beispiele demonstrieren, erlauben innovative Organisationsstrukturen, anlehnend an das Community-Prinzip von Open Source Projekten, die hemmenden Seiten des F&#246;deralismus zu &#252;berwinden und gew&#228;hrleisten gleichzeitig die Handlungsfreiheit und Abdeckung der individuellen Bed&#252;rfnissen der einzelnen Verwaltungsstellen.

Das Referat erl&#228;utert Grundlagen des Open Source Entwicklungsmodells, portraitiert aktuelle E-Government Projekte basierend auf Open Source Software und Open Standards und zeigt auf, wie Beh&#246;rden k&#252;nftig noch besser die Vorteile des Community-Prinzips nutzen k&#246;nnen. Insbesondere werden der Begriff der &amp;quot;Digitalen Nachhaltigkeit&amp;quot; eingef&#252;hrt und aktuelle T&#228;tigkeiten aus der gleichnamigen Parlamentarischen Gruppe zusammengefasst.</media:text>
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13. Oktober 2009, Fachtagung “InterOperabilität - vom Stand der Technik zu Zukunftsstrategien auf europäischer Ebene”]]>
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www.digitale-nachhaltigkeit.ch
13. Oktober 2009, Fachtagung “InterOperabilität - vom Stand der Technik zu Zukunftsstrategien auf europäischer Ebene”]]>
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www.digitale-nachhaltigkeit.ch
13. Oktober 2009, Fachtagung &#8220;InterOperabilit&#228;t - vom Stand der Technik zu Zukunftsstrategien auf europ&#228;ischer Ebene&#8221;</media:description>
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www.digitale-nachhaltigkeit.ch
13. Oktober 2009, Fachtagung &#8220;InterOperabilit&#228;t - vom Stand der Technik zu Zukunftsstrategien auf europ&#228;ischer Ebene&#8221;</media:text>
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        <media:description type="plain">Defense Doctoral Thesis by Matthias Stuermer
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      <title>Digitale Nachhaltigkeit in der Schweiz &#8211; ein Bericht zur Lage der Nation</title>
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        <![CDATA[<img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/matthiasstuermerdigitalenachhaltigkeit-090928171401-phpapp02-thumbnail-2?1254176064" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Die parlamentarische Gruppe Digitale Nachhaltigkeit fördert den nachhaltigen und innovativen Umgang mit Informations- und  Kommunikationstechnologien (ICT) und setzt sich ein für den öffentlichen Zugang zu Wissensgütern. Diese und andere Initiativen stellen sicher, dass in der Schweiz das Engagement für eine nachhaltige und offene IT gerade in der Rezession nicht blosses Lippenbekenntnis bleibt.

Matthias Stürmer ist Vorstandsmitglied der /ch/open und engagiert sich seit langem stark für freie und offene Systeme und Inhalte im Sinne digitaler Nachhaltigkeit. Er wurde landesweit bekannt durch seinen TV-Auftritt in der Sendung 10vor10 zum Open Source Fall am Bundesverwaltungsgericht und ist Initiant der Parlamentarischen Gruppe Digitale Nachhaltigkeit.]]>
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Matthias Stürmer ist Vorstandsmitglied der /ch/open und engagiert sich seit langem stark für freie und offene Systeme und Inhalte im Sinne digitaler Nachhaltigkeit. Er wurde landesweit bekannt durch seinen TV-Auftritt in der Sendung 10vor10 zum Open Source Fall am Bundesverwaltungsgericht und ist Initiant der Parlamentarischen Gruppe Digitale Nachhaltigkeit.]]>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2009 22:13:54 GMT</pubDate>
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        <media:title>Digitale Nachhaltigkeit in der Schweiz &#8211; ein Bericht zur Lage der Nation</media:title>
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        <media:description type="plain">Die parlamentarische Gruppe Digitale Nachhaltigkeit f&#246;rdert den nachhaltigen und innovativen Umgang mit Informations- und  Kommunikationstechnologien (ICT) und setzt sich ein f&#252;r den &#246;ffentlichen Zugang zu Wissensg&#252;tern. Diese und andere Initiativen stellen sicher, dass in der Schweiz das Engagement f&#252;r eine nachhaltige und offene IT gerade in der Rezession nicht blosses Lippenbekenntnis bleibt.

Matthias St&#252;rmer ist Vorstandsmitglied der /ch/open und engagiert sich seit langem stark f&#252;r freie und offene Systeme und Inhalte im Sinne digitaler Nachhaltigkeit. Er wurde landesweit bekannt durch seinen TV-Auftritt in der Sendung 10vor10 zum Open Source Fall am Bundesverwaltungsgericht und ist Initiant der Parlamentarischen Gruppe Digitale Nachhaltigkeit.</media:description>
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Matthias St&#252;rmer ist Vorstandsmitglied der /ch/open und engagiert sich seit langem stark f&#252;r freie und offene Systeme und Inhalte im Sinne digitaler Nachhaltigkeit. Er wurde landesweit bekannt durch seinen TV-Auftritt in der Sendung 10vor10 zum Open Source Fall am Bundesverwaltungsgericht und ist Initiant der Parlamentarischen Gruppe Digitale Nachhaltigkeit.</media:text>
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      <title>Netzzunft-Treffen: Politik 2.0 Teil 1 - Digitale Nachhaltigkeit</title>
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        <![CDATA[<img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/netzzunft2009-07-29-090730140040-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1248980465" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Am 9. Netzzunft-Treffen werden wir uns als Einstieg in das Thema der &quot;Digitalen Nachhaltigkeit&quot; widmen. Matthias Stürmer (http://www.stuermer.ch, http://liip.to/stuermer) ist EVP-Politiker, Initiant der &quot;Parlamentarischen Gruppe Digitale Nachhaltigkeit&quot;, ETH-Doktorand und einiges mehr.

Matthias gibt uns Einblicke in seine politische Aktivität für Open Source und Open Content, für digitale Transparenz beim Staat, gemeinsam diskutieren wir über die möglichen Bedeutungen eines zeitgemässen Begriffs des Hype-Worts &quot;Nachhaltigkeit&quot; - einem Begriff aus der Forstwirtschaft, popuplär geworden in grünen Wahlkämpfen der 90er, auf der Suche nach seiner Definition im Netzzeitalter.]]>
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        <![CDATA[<img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/netzzunft2009-07-29-090730140040-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1248980465" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Am 9. Netzzunft-Treffen werden wir uns als Einstieg in das Thema der &quot;Digitalen Nachhaltigkeit&quot; widmen. Matthias Stürmer (http://www.stuermer.ch, http://liip.to/stuermer) ist EVP-Politiker, Initiant der &quot;Parlamentarischen Gruppe Digitale Nachhaltigkeit&quot;, ETH-Doktorand und einiges mehr.

Matthias gibt uns Einblicke in seine politische Aktivität für Open Source und Open Content, für digitale Transparenz beim Staat, gemeinsam diskutieren wir über die möglichen Bedeutungen eines zeitgemässen Begriffs des Hype-Worts &quot;Nachhaltigkeit&quot; - einem Begriff aus der Forstwirtschaft, popuplär geworden in grünen Wahlkämpfen der 90er, auf der Suche nach seiner Definition im Netzzeitalter.]]>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2009 19:00:32 GMT</pubDate>
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        <media:description type="plain">Am 9. Netzzunft-Treffen werden wir uns als Einstieg in das Thema der &amp;quot;Digitalen Nachhaltigkeit&amp;quot; widmen. Matthias St&#252;rmer (http://www.stuermer.ch, http://liip.to/stuermer) ist EVP-Politiker, Initiant der &amp;quot;Parlamentarischen Gruppe Digitale Nachhaltigkeit&amp;quot;, ETH-Doktorand und einiges mehr.

Matthias gibt uns Einblicke in seine politische Aktivit&#228;t f&#252;r Open Source und Open Content, f&#252;r digitale Transparenz beim Staat, gemeinsam diskutieren wir &#252;ber die m&#246;glichen Bedeutungen eines zeitgem&#228;ssen Begriffs des Hype-Worts &amp;quot;Nachhaltigkeit&amp;quot; - einem Begriff aus der Forstwirtschaft, popupl&#228;r geworden in gr&#252;nen Wahlk&#228;mpfen der 90er, auf der Suche nach seiner Definition im Netzzeitalter.</media:description>
        <media:text type="html">&lt;img src=&quot;http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/netzzunft2009-07-29-090730140040-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1248980465&quot; alt =&quot;&quot; style=&quot;border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt; Am 9. Netzzunft-Treffen werden wir uns als Einstieg in das Thema der &amp;quot;Digitalen Nachhaltigkeit&amp;quot; widmen. Matthias St&#252;rmer (http://www.stuermer.ch, http://liip.to/stuermer) ist EVP-Politiker, Initiant der &amp;quot;Parlamentarischen Gruppe Digitale Nachhaltigkeit&amp;quot;, ETH-Doktorand und einiges mehr.

Matthias gibt uns Einblicke in seine politische Aktivit&#228;t f&#252;r Open Source und Open Content, f&#252;r digitale Transparenz beim Staat, gemeinsam diskutieren wir &#252;ber die m&#246;glichen Bedeutungen eines zeitgem&#228;ssen Begriffs des Hype-Worts &amp;quot;Nachhaltigkeit&amp;quot; - einem Begriff aus der Forstwirtschaft, popupl&#228;r geworden in gr&#252;nen Wahlk&#228;mpfen der 90er, auf der Suche nach seiner Definition im Netzzeitalter.</media:text>
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      <title>How Firms Make Friends: Communities in Private-Collective Innovation</title>
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        <![CDATA[<img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ethzliiphowfirmsmakefriends-090716072432-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1247747086" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> When firms contribute to open source projects, they in fact invest into a public good which may be used by everyone, even by their competitors. This seemingly paradoxical behavior is explained by the model of private-collective innovation where private investors participate in collective action. Previous literature explains that companies benefit through the production process providing them with unique incentives such as learning and reputation effects. By contributing to such open source projects firms are able to build a network of external individuals and organizations, who may participate in the creation and development of the software. As will be shown in this doctoral dissertation firm-sponsored communities involve the formation of interorganizational relationships which eventually may lead to a source of sustained competitive advantage. However, managing a largely independent open source community is a balancing act between exertion of control to appropriate value creation, and openness in order to gain and preserve credibility and motivate external contributions. Therefore, this dissertation consisting of an introductory chapter and six separate research papers analyzes characteristics of firm-driven open source communities, finds reasons why and mechanisms by which companies facilitate the creation of such networks, and shows how firms can benefit most from their communities.]]>
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        <media:description type="plain">When firms contribute to open source projects, they in fact invest into a public good which may be used by everyone, even by their competitors. This seemingly paradoxical behavior is explained by the model of private-collective innovation where private investors participate in collective action. Previous literature explains that companies benefit through the production process providing them with unique incentives such as learning and reputation effects. By contributing to such open source projects firms are able to build a network of external individuals and organizations, who may participate in the creation and development of the software. As will be shown in this doctoral dissertation firm-sponsored communities involve the formation of interorganizational relationships which eventually may lead to a source of sustained competitive advantage. However, managing a largely independent open source community is a balancing act between exertion of control to appropriate value creation, and openness in order to gain and preserve credibility and motivate external contributions. Therefore, this dissertation consisting of an introductory chapter and six separate research papers analyzes characteristics of firm-driven open source communities, finds reasons why and mechanisms by which companies facilitate the creation of such networks, and shows how firms can benefit most from their communities.</media:description>
        <media:text type="html">&lt;img src=&quot;http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ethzliiphowfirmsmakefriends-090716072432-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1247747086&quot; alt =&quot;&quot; style=&quot;border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt; When firms contribute to open source projects, they in fact invest into a public good which may be used by everyone, even by their competitors. This seemingly paradoxical behavior is explained by the model of private-collective innovation where private investors participate in collective action. Previous literature explains that companies benefit through the production process providing them with unique incentives such as learning and reputation effects. By contributing to such open source projects firms are able to build a network of external individuals and organizations, who may participate in the creation and development of the software. As will be shown in this doctoral dissertation firm-sponsored communities involve the formation of interorganizational relationships which eventually may lead to a source of sustained competitive advantage. However, managing a largely independent open source community is a balancing act between exertion of control to appropriate value creation, and openness in order to gain and preserve credibility and motivate external contributions. Therefore, this dissertation consisting of an introductory chapter and six separate research papers analyzes characteristics of firm-driven open source communities, finds reasons why and mechanisms by which companies facilitate the creation of such networks, and shows how firms can benefit most from their communities.</media:text>
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      <title>Gr&#252;ndungs-Dinner parlamentarisches Komitee &#171;Fortschritt Open Source Software Schweiz&#187;</title>
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      <title>Open Source Software f&#252;r die &#246;ffentliche Hand: Ein nachhaltiger Beitrag f&#252;r die Wissensgesellschaft Schweiz</title>
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4. März 2009, InfoSocietyDays, BEA expo Bern]]>
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4. M&#228;rz 2009, InfoSocietyDays, BEA expo Bern</media:description>
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Matthias Stürmer, Kampagne StopArmut 2015]]>
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Matthias Stürmer, Kampagne StopArmut 2015]]>
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        <media:description type="plain">Input EGW Steffisburg, 19. Oktober 2008
Matthias St&#252;rmer, Kampagne StopArmut 2015</media:description>
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Diese Best Practices aus Open Source Projekten:

- Software-Wiederverwendung
- modulare Entwicklung
- Community Building,
- Motivierung und Einbindung von externen Programmierern
- Anreizsysteme für unbezahlte Beitragende]]>
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Diese Best Practices aus Open Source Projekten:

- Software-Wiederverwendung
- modulare Entwicklung
- Community Building,
- Motivierung und Einbindung von externen Programmierern
- Anreizsysteme für unbezahlte Beitragende]]>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 29 May 2008 06:14:20 GMT</pubDate>
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Diese Best Practices aus Open Source Projekten:

- Software-Wiederverwendung
- modulare Entwicklung
- Community Building,
- Motivierung und Einbindung von externen Programmierern
- Anreizsysteme f&#252;r unbezahlte Beitragende</media:description>
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Diese Best Practices aus Open Source Projekten:

- Software-Wiederverwendung
- modulare Entwicklung
- Community Building,
- Motivierung und Einbindung von externen Programmierern
- Anreizsysteme f&#252;r unbezahlte Beitragende</media:text>
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      <title>Incentives and costs in implementing Private-Collective Innovation: A case study</title>
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        <![CDATA[<img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ethzmatthiasstuermerresearchsemnokiacase-1211958775131236-8-thumbnail-2?1211951659" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> The private-collective innovation model proposes incentives for individuals and firms to privately invest resources to create public goods innovations (von Hippel and von Krogh&rsquo;s paper in R&amp;D Management, 2006). Public goods innovations are characterized by non-rivalry and non-exclusivity in consumption. To date, there is limited research available on private-collective innovation involving firms. This paper uses a case study design to empirically investigate and extend the private-collective innovation model. We examine the development of the Nokia Internet Tablet, that builds on both proprietary and open source software development, and that involves both Nokia developers and volunteers who are not employed by the company. We find that the incentives proposed by the private-collective innovation model made Nokia release and contribute to open source software for the Internet tablet but that the model also incurs “hidden costs.” We examine actions taken by Nokia to mitigate these costs throughout the development period. We provide empirical evidence for the private-collective innovation model and extend it by including costs and strategic actions in implementing the model. Implications for research and management practice are discussed.]]>
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        <![CDATA[<img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ethzmatthiasstuermerresearchsemnokiacase-1211958775131236-8-thumbnail-2?1211951659" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> The private-collective innovation model proposes incentives for individuals and firms to privately invest resources to create public goods innovations (von Hippel and von Krogh&rsquo;s paper in R&amp;D Management, 2006). Public goods innovations are characterized by non-rivalry and non-exclusivity in consumption. To date, there is limited research available on private-collective innovation involving firms. This paper uses a case study design to empirically investigate and extend the private-collective innovation model. We examine the development of the Nokia Internet Tablet, that builds on both proprietary and open source software development, and that involves both Nokia developers and volunteers who are not employed by the company. We find that the incentives proposed by the private-collective innovation model made Nokia release and contribute to open source software for the Internet tablet but that the model also incurs “hidden costs.” We examine actions taken by Nokia to mitigate these costs throughout the development period. We provide empirical evidence for the private-collective innovation model and extend it by including costs and strategic actions in implementing the model. Implications for research and management practice are discussed.]]>
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        <media:title>Incentives and costs in implementing Private-Collective Innovation: A case study</media:title>
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        <media:description type="plain">The private-collective innovation model proposes incentives for individuals and firms to privately invest resources to create public goods innovations (von Hippel and von Krogh&amp;rsquo;s paper in R&amp;amp;D Management, 2006). Public goods innovations are characterized by non-rivalry and non-exclusivity in consumption. To date, there is limited research available on private-collective innovation involving firms. This paper uses a case study design to empirically investigate and extend the private-collective innovation model. We examine the development of the Nokia Internet Tablet, that builds on both proprietary and open source software development, and that involves both Nokia developers and volunteers who are not employed by the company. We find that the incentives proposed by the private-collective innovation model made Nokia release and contribute to open source software for the Internet tablet but that the model also incurs &#8220;hidden costs.&#8221; We examine actions taken by Nokia to mitigate these costs throughout the development period. We provide empirical evidence for the private-collective innovation model and extend it by including costs and strategic actions in implementing the model. Implications for research and management practice are discussed.</media:description>
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