Slideshows for Tag: reciprocity http://www.slideshare.net/ http://www.slideshare.net/images/logo.gif Slideshows for Tag: reciprocity http://www.slideshare.net/ Tue, 03 Nov 2009 01:54:33 GMT SlideShare feed for Slideshows for Tag: reciprocity Week 7 Using The Social Web For Social Change - Elluminate (#bgimgt566sx) http://www.slideshare.net/ChristopherA/week-7-using-the-social-web-for-social-change-elluminate-bgimgt566sx
Presentation for the live Elluminate session for week 7 of the BGI (Bainbridge Graduate Institute) course "Using the Social Web for Social Change". Topic "Motivations for Participation and Change" including Science of Influence, Influence & Ethics, Cialdini’s Six Principles, BJ Foggs Persuasive Design Process, etc.]]>
Presentation for the live Elluminate session for week 7 of the BGI (Bainbridge Graduate Institute) course "Using the Social Web for Social Change". Topic "Motivations for Participation and Change" including Science of Influence, Influence & Ethics, Cialdini’s Six Principles, BJ Foggs Persuasive Design Process, etc.]]> Tue, 03 Nov 2009 01:54:33 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/ChristopherA/week-7-using-the-social-web-for-social-change-elluminate-bgimgt566sx ChristopherA@slideshare.net(ChristopherA) Week 7 Using The Social Web For Social Change - Elluminate (#bgimgt566sx) ChristopherA Presentation for the live Elluminate session for week 7 of the BGI (Bainbridge Graduate Institute) course &quot;Using the Social Web for Social Change&quot;. Topic &quot;Motivations for Participation and Change&quot; including Science of Influence, Influence &amp; Ethics, Cialdini’s Six Principles, BJ Foggs Persuasive Design Process, etc. <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/bgimgt566sx-week7elluminate-091102195445-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1257213313" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Presentation for the live Elluminate session for week 7 of the BGI (Bainbridge Graduate Institute) course &quot;Using the Social Web for Social Change&quot;. Topic &quot;Motivations for Participation and Change&quot; including Science of Influence, Influence &amp; Ethics, Cialdini’s Six Principles, BJ Foggs Persuasive Design Process, etc. Week 7 Using The Social Web For Social Change - Elluminate (#bgimgt566sx)
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]]> 442 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/bgimgt566sx-week7elluminate-091102195445-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1257213313 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted Who needs friends when you can have followers? http://www.slideshare.net/socialspacestation/who-needs-friends-when-you-can-have-followers
This is a set of slides produced to support a remote talk for "IR10 (Internet: Critical)" conference. I was unable to attend so instead had these slides displayed while I supported the presentation over Twitter (NZ &lt;--> Milwaukee)..]]>
This is a set of slides produced to support a remote talk for "IR10 (Internet: Critical)" conference. I was unable to attend so instead had these slides displayed while I supported the presentation over Twitter (NZ &lt;--> Milwaukee)..]]> Fri, 09 Oct 2009 20:31:59 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/socialspacestation/who-needs-friends-when-you-can-have-followers socialspacestation@slideshare.net(socialspacestation) Who needs friends when you can have followers? socialspacestation This is a set of slides produced to support a remote talk for &quot;IR10 (Internet: Critical)&quot; conference. I was unable to attend so instead had these slides displayed while I supported the presentation over Twitter (NZ &amp;lt;--&gt; Milwaukee).. <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ir10andrewfriendshiponline-091009153206-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1255121451" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> This is a set of slides produced to support a remote talk for &quot;IR10 (Internet: Critical)&quot; conference. I was unable to attend so instead had these slides displayed while I supported the presentation over Twitter (NZ &amp;lt;--&gt; Milwaukee).. Who needs friends when you can have followers?
View more documents from Andrew Long.
]]> 664 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ir10andrewfriendshiponline-091009153206-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1255121451 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted Synergies Between *Search and Social Metrics http://www.slideshare.net/ayman/synergies-between-search-and-social-metrics
My talk from: New Metrics for New Media: Analytics for Social Media and Virtual Worlds http://mediax.stanford.edu/WSI/metrics.html @Media X Stanford 2009]]>
My talk from: New Metrics for New Media: Analytics for Social Media and Virtual Worlds http://mediax.stanford.edu/WSI/metrics.html @Media X Stanford 2009]]> Wed, 05 Aug 2009 21:14:24 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/ayman/synergies-between-search-and-social-metrics ayman@slideshare.net(ayman) Synergies Between *Search and Social Metrics ayman My talk from: New Metrics for New Media: Analytics for Social Media and Virtual Worlds http://mediax.stanford.edu/WSI/metrics.html @Media X Stanford 2009 <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/mediaxstanford2009-090805161430-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1254338026" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> My talk from: New Metrics for New Media: Analytics for Social Media and Virtual Worlds http://mediax.stanford.edu/WSI/metrics.html @Media X Stanford 2009 Synergies Between Search and Social Metrics
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]]> 723 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/mediaxstanford2009-090805161430-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1254338026 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted Stop Wasting Time With Social Media: How to Avoid the 3 Most Common Mistakes that Waste Time, Sap Energy &amp; Derail the Best of the Best http://www.slideshare.net/xynomedia/stop-wasting-time-with-social-media-how-to-avoid-the-3-most-common-mistakes-the-waste-time-sap-energy-derail-the-best-of-the-best
Based on a webinar that we delivered for the Association for Women in Communications (AWC).]]>
Based on a webinar that we delivered for the Association for Women in Communications (AWC).]]> Wed, 15 Jul 2009 17:51:23 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/xynomedia/stop-wasting-time-with-social-media-how-to-avoid-the-3-most-common-mistakes-the-waste-time-sap-energy-derail-the-best-of-the-best xynomedia@slideshare.net(xynomedia) Stop Wasting Time With Social Media: How to Avoid the 3 Most Common Mistakes that Waste Time, Sap Energy &amp; Derail the Best of the Best xynomedia Based on a webinar that we delivered for the Association for Women in Communications (AWC). <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/stopwastingtimewithsocialmedia-090715125130-phpapp02-thumbnail-2?1247680520" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Based on a webinar that we delivered for the Association for Women in Communications (AWC). Stop Wasting Time With Social Media: How to Avoid the 3 Most Common Mistakes that Waste Time, Sap Energy & Derail the Best of the Best
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]]> 237 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/stopwastingtimewithsocialmedia-090715125130-phpapp02-thumbnail-2?1247680520 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted The Amazing and Profitable Power of Kindness http://www.slideshare.net/JeremyGislason/the-amazing-and-profitable-power-of-kindness
A little kindness goes a long way. You’ve heard the phrase, right? It’s true for many reasons. In addition to kindness being spread quickly from one person to another, kindness also has far-reaching effects for your business and personal life. ]]>
A little kindness goes a long way. You’ve heard the phrase, right? It’s true for many reasons. In addition to kindness being spread quickly from one person to another, kindness also has far-reaching effects for your business and personal life. ]]> Fri, 15 May 2009 06:26:02 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/JeremyGislason/the-amazing-and-profitable-power-of-kindness JeremyGislason@slideshare.net(JeremyGislason) The Amazing and Profitable Power of Kindness JeremyGislason A little kindness goes a long way. You’ve heard the phrase, right? It’s true for many reasons. In addition to kindness being spread quickly from one person to another, kindness also has far-reaching effects for your business and personal life. <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/theamazingandprofitablepowerofkindness-090515012612-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1242368802" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> A little kindness goes a long way. You’ve heard the phrase, right? It’s true for many reasons. In addition to kindness being spread quickly from one person to another, kindness also has far-reaching effects for your business and personal life. The Amazing and Profitable Power of Kindness
View more presentations from JeremyGislason.
]]> 290 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/theamazingandprofitablepowerofkindness-090515012612-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1242368802 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted Reputation in Evolution http://www.slideshare.net/harrikipper/reputation-in-evolution
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]]> Fri, 10 Apr 2009 12:49:30 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/harrikipper/reputation-in-evolution harrikipper@slideshare.net(harrikipper) Reputation in Evolution harrikipper <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/icore-conte-final-090410074934-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1239367811" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Reputation in Evolution
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]]> 224 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/icore-conte-final-090410074934-phpapp01-thumbnail-2?1239367811 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted Using The Law Of Reciprocity To Build Great Wealth http://www.slideshare.net/JeremyGislason/using-the-law-of-reciprocity-to-build-great-wealth
Ever heard the quote its better to give than receive? Let’s take a look at this law in action!]]>
Ever heard the quote its better to give than receive? Let’s take a look at this law in action!]]> Thu, 02 Apr 2009 05:21:09 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/JeremyGislason/using-the-law-of-reciprocity-to-build-great-wealth JeremyGislason@slideshare.net(JeremyGislason) Using The Law Of Reciprocity To Build Great Wealth JeremyGislason Ever heard the quote its better to give than receive? Let’s take a look at this law in action! <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/usingthelawofreciprocitytobuildgreat-090402002110-phpapp02-thumbnail-2?1238649705" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Ever heard the quote its better to give than receive? Let’s take a look at this law in action! Using The Law Of Reciprocity To Build Great Wealth
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]]> 269 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/usingthelawofreciprocitytobuildgreat-090402002110-phpapp02-thumbnail-2?1238649705 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted An Introduction to Social Media for Charities http://www.slideshare.net/mexicanwave/an-introduction-to-social-media-for-charities
Presentation at the Institute of Fundraising North conference in York on 12 February 2009.]]>
Presentation at the Institute of Fundraising North conference in York on 12 February 2009.]]> Fri, 13 Feb 2009 06:52:38 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/mexicanwave/an-introduction-to-social-media-for-charities mexicanwave@slideshare.net(mexicanwave) An Introduction to Social Media for Charities mexicanwave Presentation at the Institute of Fundraising North conference in York on 12 February 2009. <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/yorkslideshare-1234507677818384-3-thumbnail-2?1235402811" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Presentation at the Institute of Fundraising North conference in York on 12 February 2009. An Introduction to Social Media for Charities
View more documents from Steve Bridger.
]]> 4647 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/yorkslideshare-1234507677818384-3-thumbnail-2?1235402811 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted History of Quebec and Canada Module 4 http://www.slideshare.net/harmonicagoldfish/history-of-quebec-and-canada-module-4-presentation
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]]> Sun, 26 Oct 2008 17:25:00 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/harmonicagoldfish/history-of-quebec-and-canada-module-4-presentation harmonicagoldfish@slideshare.net(harmonicagoldfish) History of Quebec and Canada Module 4 harmonicagoldfish <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/mod4-1225049047160470-8-thumbnail-2?1225041902" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> History of Quebec and Canada Module 4
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]]> 1310 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/mod4-1225049047160470-8-thumbnail-2?1225041902 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted The World\&rsquo;s Greatest Self-improvement Superheroes and Their Success Secrets http://www.slideshare.net/MichaelLee/the-worlds-greatest-selfimprovement-superheroes-and-their-success-secrets-presentation
Discover the success secrets of powerful self-improvement superheroes who live in happiness, success, and fulfillment.]]>
Discover the success secrets of powerful self-improvement superheroes who live in happiness, success, and fulfillment.]]> Thu, 16 Oct 2008 02:55:55 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/MichaelLee/the-worlds-greatest-selfimprovement-superheroes-and-their-success-secrets-presentation MichaelLee@slideshare.net(MichaelLee) The World\&rsquo;s Greatest Self-improvement Superheroes and Their Success Secrets MichaelLee Discover the success secrets of powerful self-improvement superheroes who live in happiness, success, and fulfillment. <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/the-worlds-greatest-selfimprovement-superheroes-and-their-success-1224133149224706-9-thumbnail-2?1249838281" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Discover the success secrets of powerful self-improvement superheroes who live in happiness, success, and fulfillment. The World\'s Greatest Self-improvement Superheroes and Their Success Secrets
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]]> 647 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/the-worlds-greatest-selfimprovement-superheroes-and-their-success-1224133149224706-9-thumbnail-2?1249838281 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted Get What You Want from Others http://www.slideshare.net/MichaelLee/get-what-you-want-from-others-presentation
As the saying goes,No man is an island. So it\’s a proven fact that in order for you to succeed, you must get help from other people.]]>
As the saying goes,No man is an island. So it\’s a proven fact that in order for you to succeed, you must get help from other people.]]> Mon, 06 Oct 2008 01:41:38 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/MichaelLee/get-what-you-want-from-others-presentation MichaelLee@slideshare.net(MichaelLee) Get What You Want from Others MichaelLee As the saying goes,No man is an island. So it\&rsquo;s a proven fact that in order for you to succeed, you must get help from other people. <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/get-what-you-want-from-others-1223264498075573-8-thumbnail-2?1249838278" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> As the saying goes,No man is an island. So it\&rsquo;s a proven fact that in order for you to succeed, you must get help from other people. Get What You Want from Others
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]]> 376 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/get-what-you-want-from-others-1223264498075573-8-thumbnail-2?1249838278 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted How to Get What You Want with Power Association http://www.slideshare.net/MichaelLee/how-to-get-what-you-want-with-power-association-presentation
Associate yourself with the person you would like to be connected with. You are the master of your destiny and life. You can get whatever you want.]]>
Associate yourself with the person you would like to be connected with. You are the master of your destiny and life. You can get whatever you want.]]> Sat, 27 Sep 2008 03:07:37 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/MichaelLee/how-to-get-what-you-want-with-power-association-presentation MichaelLee@slideshare.net(MichaelLee) How to Get What You Want with Power Association MichaelLee Associate yourself with the person you would like to be connected with. You are the master of your destiny and life. You can get whatever you want. <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/how-to-get-what-you-want-with-power-1222492057564588-8-thumbnail-2?1249838272" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Associate yourself with the person you would like to be connected with. You are the master of your destiny and life. You can get whatever you want. How to Get What You Want with Power Association
View more presentations from Michael Lee.
]]> 224 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/how-to-get-what-you-want-with-power-1222492057564588-8-thumbnail-2?1249838272 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted Band Level of Integration http://www.slideshare.net/PaulVMcDowell/band-level-of-integration-presentation
Deacribes the General Characteristics of Foragers and the Band Level of Integration.]]>
Deacribes the General Characteristics of Foragers and the Band Level of Integration.]]> Tue, 23 Sep 2008 00:33:42 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/PaulVMcDowell/band-level-of-integration-presentation PaulVMcDowell@slideshare.net(PaulVMcDowell) Band Level of Integration PaulVMcDowell Deacribes the General Characteristics of Foragers and the Band Level of Integration. <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/band-level-of-integration-1222137222201229-8-thumbnail-2?1222130024" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Deacribes the General Characteristics of Foragers and the Band Level of Integration. Band Level of Integration
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]]> 1179 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/band-level-of-integration-1222137222201229-8-thumbnail-2?1222130024 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted The True and Amazing Power of Giving http://www.slideshare.net/MichaelLee/the-true-and-amazing-power-of-giving
When you give something from your heart without expecting anything in return, you release a powerful force that will trigger your good deed to bounce back to you in amazing, and sometimes unusual ways. You will feel happy and be able to beat depression.]]>
When you give something from your heart without expecting anything in return, you release a powerful force that will trigger your good deed to bounce back to you in amazing, and sometimes unusual ways. You will feel happy and be able to beat depression.]]> Tue, 12 Aug 2008 01:39:24 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/MichaelLee/the-true-and-amazing-power-of-giving MichaelLee@slideshare.net(MichaelLee) The True and Amazing Power of Giving MichaelLee When you give something from your heart without expecting anything in return, you release a powerful force that will trigger your good deed to bounce back to you in amazing, and sometimes unusual ways. You will feel happy and be able to beat depression. <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/the-true-and-amazing-power-of-giving-1218512364745887-8-thumbnail-2?1249838270" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> When you give something from your heart without expecting anything in return, you release a powerful force that will trigger your good deed to bounce back to you in amazing, and sometimes unusual ways. You will feel happy and be able to beat depression. The True and Amazing Power of Giving
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]]> 552 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/the-true-and-amazing-power-of-giving-1218512364745887-8-thumbnail-2?1249838270 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted Economic Anthropology: Systems of Exchange http://www.slideshare.net/PaulVMcDowell/economic-anthropology-systems-of-exchange
Systems of Distribition. Transaction Theory. ]]>
Systems of Distribition. Transaction Theory. ]]> Sun, 20 Jan 2008 20:54:06 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/PaulVMcDowell/economic-anthropology-systems-of-exchange PaulVMcDowell@slideshare.net(PaulVMcDowell) Economic Anthropology: Systems of Exchange PaulVMcDowell Systems of Distribition. Transaction Theory. <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/economic-anthropology-systems-of-exchange-1200869641523609-5-thumbnail-2?1200862446" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Systems of Distribition. Transaction Theory. Economic Anthropology: Systems of Exchange
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]]> 1223 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/economic-anthropology-systems-of-exchange-1200869641523609-5-thumbnail-2?1200862446 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted Economic Anthropology: Distribution and Exchange http://www.slideshare.net/PaulVMcDowell/economic-anthropology-distribution-and-exchange
Describes Systems of Exchange. Reciprocity; Redistribution; Market Exchange ]]>
Describes Systems of Exchange. Reciprocity; Redistribution; Market Exchange ]]> Sat, 19 Jan 2008 01:48:42 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/PaulVMcDowell/economic-anthropology-distribution-and-exchange PaulVMcDowell@slideshare.net(PaulVMcDowell) Economic Anthropology: Distribution and Exchange PaulVMcDowell Describes Systems of Exchange. Reciprocity; Redistribution; Market Exchange <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/economic-anthropology-distribution-and-exchange-1200714522523802-3-thumbnail-2?1200707322" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Describes Systems of Exchange. Reciprocity; Redistribution; Market Exchange Economic Anthropology: Distribution and Exchange
View more presentations from PaulVMcDowell.
]]> 2466 1 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/economic-anthropology-distribution-and-exchange-1200714522523802-3-thumbnail-2?1200707322 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”? http://www.slideshare.net/benoithv/cognitio2007-bhv
The experimental study of economic exchange behavior revealed many discrepancies between normative theory of strategic rationality (game theory) and actual behavior. In many games games where defection and competition is expected by game theory, subjects robustly display cooperative behavior. In the ultimatum game, for instance, a ‘proposer’ makes an offer to a ‘responder’ that can either accept or refuse the offer; if the responder refuses, both players get nothing. The rational outcome is a minimal offer by the first player and an unconditional acceptance of the offer by the second. In fact, proposers make ‘fair’ offers, about 50% of the amount, responders tend to accept these offers and reject most of the ‘unfair’ offers (less than 20%;Oosterbeek et al., 2004). Cooperative and prosocial behavior is also observed in similar games, e.g. the trust game and the prisoner’s dilemma (Camerer, 2003). Neuroeconomics, the study of the neural mechanisms of decision-making (Glimcher, 2003), also showed that subjects seems to entertain prosocial preferences. Brain scans of people playing the ultimatum game indicates that unfair offers trigger, in the responders’ brain, a ‘moral disgust’: the anterior insula, an area involved in disgust and other negative emotional responses, is more active when unfair offers are proposed (Sanfey et al., 2003). In the prisoner’s dilemma and the trust game, similar activations have been found: cooperation and punishment of unfair players elicit positive affective emotions, while unfairness elicit negative one (de Quervain et al., 2004; Rilling et al., 2002). The received view of these behavioral and neural data is that human beings are endowed with genuinely altruistic cognitive mechanisms, a view now labelled “Strong Reciprocity” (SR). According to SR, an innate propensity for altruistic punishment and altruistic rewarding makes us averse to inequity (Fehr & Rockenbach, 2004). In this talk, I argue that this moral optimism is far-fetched. Yes, the ‘cold logic’ model of rationality is not an accurate description of our decision-making mechanisms, but the SR model, I shall argue, relies on unwarranted assumptions. I present another model–the ‘hot logic’ approach–according to which human agents are selfish agents adapted to trade, exchange and partner selection in biological markets (Noë et al., 2001). Cognitive mechanisms of decision-making aims primarily at maximizing positive outcomes and minimizing negative ones. This initial hedonism is gradually modulated by social norms, by which agents learn how to maximise their utility given the norms. The ‘hot logic’ approach provide a simpler explanation of cooperation and fairness: subjects make ‘fair’ offers in the ultimatum game because they know their offer would be rejected otherwise. Responders affective reaction to ‘unfair offers’ is in fact a reaction to the loss of an expected monetary gain: they anticipated that the proposer would comply with social norms. This claim is supported by other imaging studies showing that loss of money can be aversive, and that actual and counterfactual utility recruit the same neural resources (Delgado et al., 2006; Montague et al., 2006). This approach explains why subjects make lower offers in the dictator game (an ultimatum game in which the responder make an offer and the responder’s role is entirely passive) than in the ultimatum, why, when using a computer displaying eyespots, almost twice as many participants transfer money in the dictator (Haley & Fessler, 2005), and why attractive people are offered more in the ultimatum (Solnick & Schweitzer, 1999). In every case, agents seek to maximize a complex hedonic utility function, where the reward and the losses can be monetary, emotional or social (reputation, acceptance, etc.). SR is thus seen as cooperative habits that are not repaid (Burnham & Johnson, 2005). ]]>
The experimental study of economic exchange behavior revealed many discrepancies between normative theory of strategic rationality (game theory) and actual behavior. In many games games where defection and competition is expected by game theory, subjects robustly display cooperative behavior. In the ultimatum game, for instance, a ‘proposer’ makes an offer to a ‘responder’ that can either accept or refuse the offer; if the responder refuses, both players get nothing. The rational outcome is a minimal offer by the first player and an unconditional acceptance of the offer by the second. In fact, proposers make ‘fair’ offers, about 50% of the amount, responders tend to accept these offers and reject most of the ‘unfair’ offers (less than 20%;Oosterbeek et al., 2004). Cooperative and prosocial behavior is also observed in similar games, e.g. the trust game and the prisoner’s dilemma (Camerer, 2003). Neuroeconomics, the study of the neural mechanisms of decision-making (Glimcher, 2003), also showed that subjects seems to entertain prosocial preferences. Brain scans of people playing the ultimatum game indicates that unfair offers trigger, in the responders’ brain, a ‘moral disgust’: the anterior insula, an area involved in disgust and other negative emotional responses, is more active when unfair offers are proposed (Sanfey et al., 2003). In the prisoner’s dilemma and the trust game, similar activations have been found: cooperation and punishment of unfair players elicit positive affective emotions, while unfairness elicit negative one (de Quervain et al., 2004; Rilling et al., 2002). The received view of these behavioral and neural data is that human beings are endowed with genuinely altruistic cognitive mechanisms, a view now labelled “Strong Reciprocity” (SR). According to SR, an innate propensity for altruistic punishment and altruistic rewarding makes us averse to inequity (Fehr & Rockenbach, 2004). In this talk, I argue that this moral optimism is far-fetched. Yes, the ‘cold logic’ model of rationality is not an accurate description of our decision-making mechanisms, but the SR model, I shall argue, relies on unwarranted assumptions. I present another model–the ‘hot logic’ approach–according to which human agents are selfish agents adapted to trade, exchange and partner selection in biological markets (Noë et al., 2001). Cognitive mechanisms of decision-making aims primarily at maximizing positive outcomes and minimizing negative ones. This initial hedonism is gradually modulated by social norms, by which agents learn how to maximise their utility given the norms. The ‘hot logic’ approach provide a simpler explanation of cooperation and fairness: subjects make ‘fair’ offers in the ultimatum game because they know their offer would be rejected otherwise. Responders affective reaction to ‘unfair offers’ is in fact a reaction to the loss of an expected monetary gain: they anticipated that the proposer would comply with social norms. This claim is supported by other imaging studies showing that loss of money can be aversive, and that actual and counterfactual utility recruit the same neural resources (Delgado et al., 2006; Montague et al., 2006). This approach explains why subjects make lower offers in the dictator game (an ultimatum game in which the responder make an offer and the responder’s role is entirely passive) than in the ultimatum, why, when using a computer displaying eyespots, almost twice as many participants transfer money in the dictator (Haley & Fessler, 2005), and why attractive people are offered more in the ultimatum (Solnick & Schweitzer, 1999). In every case, agents seek to maximize a complex hedonic utility function, where the reward and the losses can be monetary, emotional or social (reputation, acceptance, etc.). SR is thus seen as cooperative habits that are not repaid (Burnham & Johnson, 2005). ]]> Fri, 22 Jun 2007 13:29:37 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/benoithv/cognitio2007-bhv benoithv@slideshare.net(benoithv) Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”? benoithv The experimental study of economic exchange behavior revealed many discrepancies between normative theory of strategic rationality (game theory) and actual behavior. In many games games where defection and competition is expected by game theory, subjects robustly display cooperative behavior. In the ultimatum game, for instance, a ‘proposer’ makes an offer to a ‘responder’ that can either accept or refuse the offer; if the responder refuses, both players get nothing. The rational outcome is a minimal offer by the first player and an unconditional acceptance of the offer by the second. In fact, proposers make ‘fair’ offers, about 50% of the amount, responders tend to accept these offers and reject most of the ‘unfair’ offers (less than 20%;Oosterbeek et al., 2004). Cooperative and prosocial behavior is also observed in similar games, e.g. the trust game and the prisoner’s dilemma (Camerer, 2003). Neuroeconomics, the study of the neural mechanisms of decision-making (Glimcher, 2003), also showed that subjects seems to entertain prosocial preferences. Brain scans of people playing the ultimatum game indicates that unfair offers trigger, in the responders’ brain, a ‘moral disgust’: the anterior insula, an area involved in disgust and other negative emotional responses, is more active when unfair offers are proposed (Sanfey et al., 2003). In the prisoner’s dilemma and the trust game, similar activations have been found: cooperation and punishment of unfair players elicit positive affective emotions, while unfairness elicit negative one (de Quervain et al., 2004; Rilling et al., 2002). The received view of these behavioral and neural data is that human beings are endowed with genuinely altruistic cognitive mechanisms, a view now labelled “Strong Reciprocity” (SR). According to SR, an innate propensity for altruistic punishment and altruistic rewarding makes us averse to inequity (Fehr &amp; Rockenbach, 2004). In this talk, I argue that this moral optimism is far-fetched. Yes, the ‘cold logic’ model of rationality is not an accurate description of our decision-making mechanisms, but the SR model, I shall argue, relies on unwarranted assumptions. I present another model–the ‘hot logic’ approach–according to which human agents are selfish agents adapted to trade, exchange and partner selection in biological markets (Noë et al., 2001). Cognitive mechanisms of decision-making aims primarily at maximizing positive outcomes and minimizing negative ones. This initial hedonism is gradually modulated by social norms, by which agents learn how to maximise their utility given the norms. The ‘hot logic’ approach provide a simpler explanation of cooperation and fairness: subjects make ‘fair’ offers in the ultimatum game because they know their offer would be rejected otherwise. Responders affective reaction to ‘unfair offers’ is in fact a reaction to the loss of an expected monetary gain: they anticipated that the proposer would comply with social norms. This claim is supported by other imaging studies showing that loss of money can be aversive, and that actual and counterfactual utility recruit the same neural resources (Delgado et al., 2006; Montague et al., 2006). This approach explains why subjects make lower offers in the dictator game (an ultimatum game in which the responder make an offer and the responder&rsquo;s role is entirely passive) than in the ultimatum, why, when using a computer displaying eyespots, almost twice as many participants transfer money in the dictator (Haley &amp; Fessler, 2005), and why attractive people are offered more in the ultimatum (Solnick &amp; Schweitzer, 1999). In every case, agents seek to maximize a complex hedonic utility function, where the reward and the losses can be monetary, emotional or social (reputation, acceptance, etc.). SR is thus seen as cooperative habits that are not repaid (Burnham &amp; Johnson, 2005). <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/cognitio2007-bhv4714-thumbnail-2?1182518977" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> The experimental study of economic exchange behavior revealed many discrepancies between normative theory of strategic rationality (game theory) and actual behavior. In many games games where defection and competition is expected by game theory, subjects robustly display cooperative behavior. In the ultimatum game, for instance, a ‘proposer’ makes an offer to a ‘responder’ that can either accept or refuse the offer; if the responder refuses, both players get nothing. The rational outcome is a minimal offer by the first player and an unconditional acceptance of the offer by the second. In fact, proposers make ‘fair’ offers, about 50% of the amount, responders tend to accept these offers and reject most of the ‘unfair’ offers (less than 20%;Oosterbeek et al., 2004). Cooperative and prosocial behavior is also observed in similar games, e.g. the trust game and the prisoner’s dilemma (Camerer, 2003). Neuroeconomics, the study of the neural mechanisms of decision-making (Glimcher, 2003), also showed that subjects seems to entertain prosocial preferences. Brain scans of people playing the ultimatum game indicates that unfair offers trigger, in the responders’ brain, a ‘moral disgust’: the anterior insula, an area involved in disgust and other negative emotional responses, is more active when unfair offers are proposed (Sanfey et al., 2003). In the prisoner’s dilemma and the trust game, similar activations have been found: cooperation and punishment of unfair players elicit positive affective emotions, while unfairness elicit negative one (de Quervain et al., 2004; Rilling et al., 2002). The received view of these behavioral and neural data is that human beings are endowed with genuinely altruistic cognitive mechanisms, a view now labelled “Strong Reciprocity” (SR). According to SR, an innate propensity for altruistic punishment and altruistic rewarding makes us averse to inequity (Fehr &amp; Rockenbach, 2004). In this talk, I argue that this moral optimism is far-fetched. Yes, the ‘cold logic’ model of rationality is not an accurate description of our decision-making mechanisms, but the SR model, I shall argue, relies on unwarranted assumptions. I present another model–the ‘hot logic’ approach–according to which human agents are selfish agents adapted to trade, exchange and partner selection in biological markets (Noë et al., 2001). Cognitive mechanisms of decision-making aims primarily at maximizing positive outcomes and minimizing negative ones. This initial hedonism is gradually modulated by social norms, by which agents learn how to maximise their utility given the norms. The ‘hot logic’ approach provide a simpler explanation of cooperation and fairness: subjects make ‘fair’ offers in the ultimatum game because they know their offer would be rejected otherwise. Responders affective reaction to ‘unfair offers’ is in fact a reaction to the loss of an expected monetary gain: they anticipated that the proposer would comply with social norms. This claim is supported by other imaging studies showing that loss of money can be aversive, and that actual and counterfactual utility recruit the same neural resources (Delgado et al., 2006; Montague et al., 2006). This approach explains why subjects make lower offers in the dictator game (an ultimatum game in which the responder make an offer and the responder&rsquo;s role is entirely passive) than in the ultimatum, why, when using a computer displaying eyespots, almost twice as many participants transfer money in the dictator (Haley &amp; Fessler, 2005), and why attractive people are offered more in the ultimatum (Solnick &amp; Schweitzer, 1999). In every case, agents seek to maximize a complex hedonic utility function, where the reward and the losses can be monetary, emotional or social (reputation, acceptance, etc.). SR is thus seen as cooperative habits that are not repaid (Burnham &amp; Johnson, 2005). Social Neuroeconomics: Strong Reciprocity or “Hot Logic”?
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]]> 1889 0 http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/cognitio2007-bhv4714-thumbnail-2?1182518977 presentation http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/posted Développez votre réseau et votre efficacité professionnelle http://www.slideshare.net/Omar.Filali/dveloppez-votre-rseau-et-votre-efficacit-professionnelle
Vous êtes le (la) seul(e) responsable de votre développement professionnel, de votre carrière et de votre succès en affaires. Cette réussite passe nécessairement par les réseaux. Cependant, le concept de “networking”, devenu une mode, comporte des dangers dans ses acceptions primaires. En effet, « réseauter », pour certains, consiste à assister à tous les cocktails qui se présentent et échanger des cartes de visite à tout vent; ce qui n’est pas forcément l’objectif recherché. Sans méthodologie, vous risquez de « griller » des cartes importantes pour de futurs développements. Lors de ce séminaire, seront exposés les concepts de base qui vous permettront d’aborder les réseaux avec sérénité et efficacité. Parmi ces concepts, celui de la réciprocité, est le point nodal de toute relation entre individus. En effet, on ne peut établir des relations durables avec nos partenaires potentiels sans confiance mutuelle. Pour la mise en œuvre de ces concepts, une méthode pratique vous est proposée en trois étapes: 1. Systématisez le développement de votre réseau 2. Établissez la confiance 3. Gardez le contact Mais, ne l’oublions pas, le premier outil pour développer votre réseau, c’est vous! Il vous appartient à vous seul(e) de développer les attitudes et aptitudes à même d’assurer votre succès en société. Nous insisterons sur le concept de disponibilité car celle-ci n’est pas une case vide dans votre agenda mais une façon d’être. Nous parcourrons également quelques autres attitudes et aptitudes du manager qui seront votre levier pour la réussite en affaires.]]>
Vous êtes le (la) seul(e) responsable de votre développement professionnel, de votre carrière et de votre succès en affaires. Cette réussite passe nécessairement par les réseaux. Cependant, le concept de “networking”, devenu une mode, comporte des dangers dans ses acceptions primaires. En effet, « réseauter », pour certains, consiste à assister à tous les cocktails qui se présentent et échanger des cartes de visite à tout vent; ce qui n’est pas forcément l’objectif recherché. Sans méthodologie, vous risquez de « griller » des cartes importantes pour de futurs développements. Lors de ce séminaire, seront exposés les concepts de base qui vous permettront d’aborder les réseaux avec sérénité et efficacité. Parmi ces concepts, celui de la réciprocité, est le point nodal de toute relation entre individus. En effet, on ne peut établir des relations durables avec nos partenaires potentiels sans confiance mutuelle. Pour la mise en œuvre de ces concepts, une méthode pratique vous est proposée en trois étapes: 1. Systématisez le développement de votre réseau 2. Établissez la confiance 3. Gardez le contact Mais, ne l’oublions pas, le premier outil pour développer votre réseau, c’est vous! Il vous appartient à vous seul(e) de développer les attitudes et aptitudes à même d’assurer votre succès en société. Nous insisterons sur le concept de disponibilité car celle-ci n’est pas une case vide dans votre agenda mais une façon d’être. Nous parcourrons également quelques autres attitudes et aptitudes du manager qui seront votre levier pour la réussite en affaires.]]> Sun, 21 Jan 2007 19:46:15 GMT http://www.slideshare.net/Omar.Filali/dveloppez-votre-rseau-et-votre-efficacit-professionnelle Omar.Filali@slideshare.net(Omar.Filali) Développez votre réseau et votre efficacité professionnelle Omar.Filali Vous êtes le (la) seul(e) responsable de votre développement professionnel, de votre carrière et de votre succès en affaires. Cette réussite passe nécessairement par les réseaux. Cependant, le concept de “networking”, devenu une mode, comporte des dangers dans ses acceptions primaires. En effet, « réseauter », pour certains, consiste à assister à tous les cocktails qui se présentent et échanger des cartes de visite à tout vent; ce qui n’est pas forcément l’objectif recherché. Sans méthodologie, vous risquez de « griller » des cartes importantes pour de futurs développements. Lors de ce séminaire, seront exposés les concepts de base qui vous permettront d’aborder les réseaux avec sérénité et efficacité. Parmi ces concepts, celui de la réciprocité, est le point nodal de toute relation entre individus. En effet, on ne peut établir des relations durables avec nos partenaires potentiels sans confiance mutuelle. Pour la mise en œuvre de ces concepts, une méthode pratique vous est proposée en trois étapes: 1. Systématisez le développement de votre réseau 2. Établissez la confiance 3. Gardez le contact Mais, ne l’oublions pas, le premier outil pour développer votre réseau, c’est vous! Il vous appartient à vous seul(e) de développer les attitudes et aptitudes à même d’assurer votre succès en société. Nous insisterons sur le concept de disponibilité car celle-ci n’est pas une case vide dans votre agenda mais une façon d’être. Nous parcourrons également quelques autres attitudes et aptitudes du manager qui seront votre levier pour la réussite en affaires. <img src="http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/dveloppez-votre-rseau-et-votre-efficacit-professionnelle-25973-thumbnail-2?1169408775" alt ="" style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" /><br> Vous êtes le (la) seul(e) responsable de votre développement professionnel, de votre carrière et de votre succès en affaires. Cette réussite passe nécessairement par les réseaux. Cependant, le concept de “networking”, devenu une mode, comporte des dangers dans ses acceptions primaires. En effet, « réseauter », pour certains, consiste à assister à tous les cocktails qui se présentent et échanger des cartes de visite à tout vent; ce qui n’est pas forcément l’objectif recherché. Sans méthodologie, vous risquez de « griller » des cartes importantes pour de futurs développements. Lors de ce séminaire, seront exposés les concepts de base qui vous permettront d’aborder les réseaux avec sérénité et efficacité. Parmi ces concepts, celui de la réciprocité, est le point nodal de toute relation entre individus. En effet, on ne peut établir des relations durables avec nos partenaires potentiels sans confiance mutuelle. Pour la mise en œuvre de ces concepts, une méthode pratique vous est proposée en trois étapes: 1. Systématisez le développement de votre réseau 2. Établissez la confiance 3. Gardez le contact Mais, ne l’oublions pas, le premier outil pour développer votre réseau, c’est vous! Il vous appartient à vous seul(e) de développer les attitudes et aptitudes à même d’assurer votre succès en société. Nous insisterons sur le concept de disponibilité car celle-ci n’est pas une case vide dans votre agenda mais une façon d’être. Nous parcourrons également quelques autres attitudes et aptitudes du manager qui seront votre levier pour la réussite en affaires. Dveloppez votre rseau et votre efficacit professionnelle
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