Ancient Egypt Class - 4Joe BoisvertInstructor Gulf Coast Community College – Encore – Fall 09

Early Egyptian Burials from Ceremonial to Mastubai’s to Pyramids

Fourteen Gods of Egypt

Seth (Set, Suetekh)Symbols: Seth-animal, pigs, donkeys, fishesCult Center: Tanis, OmbosLinks: the Ennead of HeliopolisRegarded as the Lord of Lower (Northern) Egypt, Seth was represented by a big-eared imaginary animal with red hair resembling a donkey or maybe an aardvark. He was associated with the desert and storms. The Greeks associated Seth with their god, Typhon.

Horus (Hor, Heru, Her)Symbols: hawk/falcon, bull, Double Crown, Winged Disk,Udjat, Sphinx, weapons, iron, blacksmithsCult Center: Edfu, Buto and HeliopolisMyths: Isis and Osiris The falcon-headed god, the kings of Egypt associated themselves with Horus. Horus was among the most important gods of Egypt, particularly because the Pharaoh was supposed to be his earthly embodiment. Kings would eventually take the name of Horus as one of their own.

Osiris (Asar, Wesir, Ausar, Unnefer)Symbols: crook and flail, djed, White and Atef Crowns, bull, mummified form, throne, Bennu (phoenix)Cult Center: Abydos, Busiris and HeliopolisMyths: "Isis and Osiris"A god of the earth and vegetation, Osiris symbolized in his death the yearly drought and in his miraculous rebirth the periodic flooding of the Nile and the growth of grain. He was a god-king who was believed to have given Egypt civilization.Osiris

Reason for Burials ???Love, Loss, Respect, Honor,Afterlife, Religion, GodsAnubis the God of Death

Mastabas First Burial TombsAt first, the kings of Egypt were buried in what are known as mastabas in southern Egypt, mainly at a place called Abydos. Mastabais an Arabic word meaning bench, because these tombs looked like a bench. They consisted of a pit where the dead were buried in the ground covered by stones above ground. Later mastabas sometimes had many rooms below ground and many above ground for the storage of items that the dead person wished to take with him or her into the afterlife.

Mastabas First Burial Tombs (Bench Like Shape)

The tomb, has been attributed to one of the earliest of Egyptian kings, Scorpion I, from Dynasty 0Tomb was discovered at the Middle Nile River in Upper Egypt. . The site was built about 3150 BC. Three rooms of the tomb contained about 700 jars and inside the jars was discovered a residue of an early form of herbal wine. The recipes identified within the pots illuminate a long history of the Egyptian use of grape wines.

Tomb was discovered at the Middle Nile River in Upper Egypt.

. The site was built about 3150 BC.

Three rooms of the tomb contained about 700 jars and inside the jars was discovered a residue of an early form of herbal wine.

The recipes identified within the pots illuminate a long history of the Egyptian use of grape wines.

Tomb, has been attributed to one of the earliest of Egyptian kings, Scorpion I, from Dynasty 0

Beasts of burden found nestled in graves dating back 5,000 years. One of the earliest Egyptian kings carried his "beasts of burden" into the afterlife.

Egyptians Brought Pets into the Afterlife

Early Pyramids Just Stacks of Rocks to Keep animals Out ??

Step Pyramid of Saqqara, Egypt's Oldest Pyramid built 4,800 years ago

King Djoser, who reigned from 2630 bc to 2611 bc Built the Step PyramidBuilt a more elaborate royal tomb known as the Step Pyramid. This tomb started out as a mastaba, but its architect, Imhotep, first expanded the mastaba then topped it with successively smaller mastabas.

Djoser’s Tomb – Step PyramidThe Step Pyramid and later pyramids of the 3rd Dynasty were constructed of small, almost brick-sized stones that were laid in vertical courses and inward-leaning to create the sloped sides.In the end, Djoser’s tomb looked like a rectangular wedding cake with six layers.

Ancient Step PyramidThe ancient Egyptians loved pyramids. There are sixty-seven, of various sizes, scattered around the city of Cairo alone. The most famous, and largest, are at Gizeh, where what is believed to be the three tombs of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkure, are lined up side by side.

The ancient Egyptians loved pyramids. There are sixty-seven, of various sizes, scattered around the city of Cairo alone.

The most famous, and largest, are at Gizeh, where what is believed to be the three tombs of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkure, are lined up side by side.

DjoserStep Pyramid in Saqqara2630 bc to 2611 bc

King Snefru Pyramid in Meydum

King Snefru Pyramid in MeydumKing Sneferu, the father of Khufu, built the initial true pyramids, developing the new technique during construction. The earliest true pyramid, at the town of Maydom, began as a step pyramid with inward-leaning walls and eight levels.

The Bent Pyramid at DahshurWould have surpassed the height of the Great Pyramid had it been completed as designed, but the foundations could not support the weight and the plans had to be changed.

Egyptian pyramids were modeled on a sacred, pointed stone called the benben. The benben symbolized the rays of the sun; ancient texts claimed that pharaohs reached the heavens via sunbeams. (National Geographic.

Giza Pyramid

The Giza Pyramids Now

Old Hand Colored Photo of Giza Pyramids

The Mummy 1937