This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in an Ancient Egyptian History class, including: - Maps and timelines to overview Egyptian history. - The beginning of ritual burial and the introduction of written language. - Discussion of Upper and Lower Egypt and what Egypt looked like. - The transition from hunting/gathering to agriculture along the Nile River. - The Royal Library of Alexandria, which collected the world's knowledge.

1. Ancient Egyptian HistoryClass 2, Spring 2010 Instructor – Joe Boisvert Gulf Coast Community College Encore

2. Today’s Discussion September 25, 2009 October 2nd Maps, Time Lines for Overview of all of Egyptian History, Pottery ?? Beginning of Ritual Burial, Why??? Introduction to Written Language Maps Introduction and discussion of Upper and Lower Egypt What did Egypt Look like? Transition from Hunting and Gathering to Agriculture More on written language and need for calendar

3. Africa Now

4. Northern Africa

6. Ancient Egypt Distribution of the Famous Archeological Sites

7. The Royal Library of Alexandria, or Ancient Library of Alexandria, in Alexandria, Egypt, Was probably the largest, and certainly the most famous, of the libraries of the ancient world. It flourished under the patronage of the Ptolemaic dynasty and existed, and functioned as a major center of scholarship, at least until the time of Rome's conquest of Egypt, and probably for many centuries thereafter.

8. The Library at Alexandria was charged with collecting all the world's knowledge

10. Upper and Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Starting at First Cataract a Elephantine present day Sight of Aswan Dam The Nile River Flows 750 Miles from The First Cataract to the Mediterranean Sea Nubian was strongly Influenced by Egypt But never officially part of Egypt. The Nile flooded on a predictable Annual Basis Leaving in its wake Very fertile soil for farming.

12. There because of the special nature of the Nile River is that Region.

13. Every year in Ancient Times the land is flooded and rich soil is deposited By the Nile River.

16. View of now, shows how the First Cataract of the Nile looks most of the year. Showing the broken up nature of the stream.

18. The Yearly Flooding and Depositing of Rich Black Soil Creates Unique Opportunities for Wide Scale Farming

19. In Ancient Times Egypt was called the “The Gift of the River”

21. Some years the Floods are low and not all the cultivated Land is Covered.

24. Eastern Dessert of Egypt Source of Grey Granite source of fine stone in Antiquity

25. Prehistoric Egyptian Artifacts 3500 to 3100 BC The Pitt River Knife a Fine Example Of a ripple flaked serrated flint knife Of Prehistoric Period Prehistoric Slate Palette Adorned with Birds Head

26. Advantages of Agriculture and Society Hunting and Gathering does not require large scale Cooperative Effort like Farming Requires. Societies begin to organize and flourish to accomplish the tasks required by large scale Agricultural Activities. First you need a calendar to predict when to plant and when to harvest. Second you need to store the harvest, cultivate seeds, and distribute the food.

27. Modern Brick Makers in Egypt Use Same Techniques as in Antiquity bricks formed individually and baked in the hot dessert sun.

28. Domestication of Animals

30. The Unification Crown For Upper and Lower Egypt Two Headdresses combined by Inserting the conical White Crown into the Red Crown Used after Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt By Menes First Pharaoh In List of First Dynasty Old Kingdom

31. Egyptians Died From Many of the Same Diseases We Face MALARIA PRESENTIN ANCIENT EGYPT: INVESTIGATION ON PREDYNASTIC MUMMIFIED REMAINS We examined samples from the Marro's Collection, belonging to the Anthropological and Ethnographic Museum of Turin, to determine the presence of malaria antigens. The specimens we assessed belong to predynastic mummies (3.200 B.C.) from Gebelen.

32. True writing, or phonetic writing, records were developed independently in four different civilizations in the world, namely Mesopotamia, China, Egypt, and Mesoamerica.

33. Next Week We Will Discuss Who Had Writing Systems First