Evolution Of Telecommunication

Evolution of Telecommunication Rohan Sripad Prasanna Raghavan P

0G

1G technologies

2G technologies

Circuit and Packet Switching.

3GPP & 3GPP2

Services offered by 3G

Deployment Problems

3G in India & its delay

4G

Transition 2.5G technologies 2.75G technologies 3G technologies An interim 3.5G

0G

1G technologies

2G technologies

3GPP & 3GPP2

Deployment Problems

4G

0G

1G technologies

2G technologies

3GPP & 3GPP2

Deployment Problems

4G

ORIGIN of Wireless Communication

1895-1901

Guglielmo Marconi

Demonstrates wireless communications over increasing distances

1864 James Maxwell Predicts existence of radio waves. 1886 Rudolph Hertz Demonstrates radio waves.

0G 1924

1G AMPS TACS NMT 1980s Analog Voice Typical 2.4 Kbps

1G

Advanced Mobile Phone Services (AMPS)

Deployed in US , Japan : 1983

Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT)

Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland : 1981

Total Access Communication System (TACS)

British System, similar to AMPS : 1985

2G GSM CDMA TDMA 1990s Digital Voice 9.6 - 14.4 Kbps (circuit data)

2G – GSM

Global system for Mobile

Based on TDMA ; Europe

900 Mhz, 1800 Mhz.

Later 850 Mhz and 1900 Mhz in Americas

Quad Band ; World Phones

2G - CDMA

Code Division Multiple Access

cdmaOne or IS-95

All users use same freq band ; 800 Mhz

Major success in Korea, Used by Verizon and Sprint

Easy Migration to 3G

Circuit Switching A private road all for yourself Dedicated end to end connection

Packet Switching Divided packets can take different paths and times A shared highway

3GPP GPRS EDGE LTE WCDMA HSPA 1.92 Mbps 14 Mbps 384 Kbps 114 Kbps 100 Mbps

3GPP2 1xRTT EV-DO UMB (abandoned 2008 Nov & favoring LTE) 114 Kbps 2.4 Mbps 288 Mbps

0G

1G technologies

2G technologies

3GPP & 3GPP2

Deployment Problems

4G

2.5G GPRS 2001 Packet Data

2.5G - GPRS

General Packet Radio Service - An Overlay technology on top of the existing GSM systems.

Data rate = 56 – 114Kbps.

4 MCS (Modulation and coding schemes) used.

Factors affecting downlink/uplink speed:

TDMA slots

Multi-slot class

Channel Encoding used.

HSCSD

High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data.

An enhancement to CSD – Multiple timeslots used.

Data rates up to 38.4 Kbps (4 times CSD).

In reality supports 14.4Kbps .

Expensive than CSD.

Latency less that GPRS.

2.75G EDGE 2003 Packet Data CDMA 1xRTT

EDGE

EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM)

Superset of GPRS.

Data rate = 4 times GPRS.

9 MCS (Modulation and coding schemes) used – Gaussian min shift keying and 8PSK.

Evolved EDGE

Data rate = 1Mbps

Encoding technique – 32QAM and 16QAM.

Requires simple network enhancements with software update.

CDMA 1xRTT

1x is an abbreviation of 1xRTT (1x Radio Transmission Technology).1x refers to the no. of duplex radio channels.

Supports 33-35 simultaneous voice calls per 1.25MHz.(cdmaOne = 20 voice calls)

Encoding technique:

BPSK for forward and reverse link.

Data Rate = 153 Kbps/153 Kbps.

Software and minimum hardware update.

3G IMT2000 W-CDMA (UMTS) CDMA2000

UMTS

UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. Also known as W-CDMA.

W-CDMA uses the DS-CDMA and TDD channel access method with a pair of 5 MHz channels.

Requires new cell towers & frequency allocations.

Data rate = 1Mbps(theoritical)

Frequency bands:

Uplink 1885-2025 MHz (mobile-to-base )

Downlink 2110-2200 MHz (base-to-mobile).

CDMA2000

EVDO Rel 0 (Evolution-Data Optimized or Evolution-Data only Release 0)

Data rates:

Forward link - 2.4Mbps.

Reverse link - 153kbps.

Encoding technique:

Forward link – 16QAM.

Reverse link - BPSK.

3.5G EVDO-Rev A HSDPA HSUPA EVDO-Rev B

HSPA

High Speed Packet Access is a collection of two mobile telephony protocols HSDPA and HSUPA.

High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)

Data rates for Forward link - 14.4Mbps.

Encoding technique – QPSK and 16QAM

High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) or EUL(Enhanced Uplink)

Data rates for Reverse link - 5.76Mbps.

Just a software update for most WCDMA networks.

HSPA+

Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+)

Data rates:

Forward link - 42Mbps.

Reverse link - 22Mbps.

Encoding technique 64QAM .

EVDO Rev A

EVDO Rev A (Revision A)

Also called as EV-DV (Evolution Data/Voice)

Data rates:

Forward link - 3.1Mbps.

Reverse link - 1.8Mbps.

Encoding technique:

Forward link – 16QAM.

Reverse link - QPSK and 8PSK.

EVDO Rev B

Combine up to fifteen 1.25MHz carriers (20MHz) in forward and/or reverse link. Carriers not physically combined and not adjacent to each other.

Data rate:

Forward link = 3.1Mbps*15channels = 47Mbps.

Reverse link = 1.8Mbps*15channels = 27Mbps.

Encoding technique 64QAM. Uplink data rate increases from 3.1Mbps to 4.9Mbps per channel. Thus, Data rate:

Forward link = 4.9Mbps*15channels = 74Mbps.

Only software updation required.

0G

1G technologies

2G technologies

3GPP & 3GPP2

Deployment Problems

4G

Transition 2.5G technologies 2.75G technologies 3G technologies An interim 3.5G of 4G

Multi Player Gaming Location Based Services Video Services Instant Messaging

PROBLEMS DEPLOYMENT

Argentina Estonia Kyrgyzstan Slovenia Australia Finland Malaysia South Korea Austria France Mauritius South Africa Azerbaijan Georgia Mexico Spain Bahrain Germany Moldova Sri Lanka Belarus Greece Netherlands Sweden Belgium Guatemala New Zealand Taiwan Bermuda Hong Kong Nicaragua Tajikistan Brazil Hungary Nigeria Thailand Canada Iceland Norway Ukraine Chile India Pakistan U A E China Indonesia Panama United Kingdom Colombia Ireland Peru United States Cyprus Israel Poland Uzbekistan Czech Republic Italy Portugal Venezuela Denmark Jamaica Romania Vietnam Dominican Japan Russia Venezuela Ecuador Kazakhstan Singapore Vietnam

3G INDIA in

Where are we ? Out in Market…

4G

Summary G Technology Data Rates 1 Analog Typical 2.4 Kbps; max 22 Kbps 2 Digital – TDMA, CDMA 9.6 - 14.4 Kbps (circuit data) 2.5 GPRS – mux packets in voice timeslots 15 - 40 Kbps 3 Improved modulation, using CDMA variants 50 – 144 Kbps (1xRTT); 200 – 384 Kbps (UMTS); 500 Kbps – 2.4 Mbps (EVDO) 3.5 More modulation tweaks 2–14 Mbps (HSPA) 4 New modulation (OFDMA); Multi-path (MIMO); All IP LTE: >10 Mbps; eventual potential >100 Mbps