Tools for research in areas of design practice: problem finding.

TOOLS FOR Most photographs in this presentation were taken by Matt Smith www.flickr.com/photos/chernobylbob/RESEARCHPREPARED BY ROBERTO ROCCO,CHAIR SPATIAL PLANNING AND STRATEGY, TU DELFT !"#$%#&&#((%() *!$+#$,)- !"#$$%&%()"%(*+)+,%

!"#$%#&&#((%() *!$+#$,)-YOU CAN GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHAIR SPATIAL PLANNING AND STRATEGYBY VISITING OUR WEBSITE AT HTTP://WWW.SPATIALPLANNING.BK.TUDELFT.NL/ OR OUR BLOGAT HTTP://RPS-TUDELFT.BLOGSPOT.COM/

CONTENTSRecapitulating: GENERIC CRITERIA for SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHWhat is a PROBLEM STATEMENT (with example)WRITING SKILLSPROBLEMS with writingSPELLING & GRAMMARAlternative ways of presenting your problem statementPLAGIARISM!!!How is plagiarism different from RESEARCHQuoting and paraphrasingReferences

ANY ACADEMIC ENDEAVOUR STARTS WITH A QUESTIONGeneric criteriaBiggs & Buchler, 2008✤ Question (and answer) Question Answer✤ Method Methods✤ Knowledge✤ Audience AUDIENCE

BUT A GOOD QUESTION COMES FROM A PROBLEM OR ISSUE YOU WANT TO EXPLORE The problem statement is a carefully laid out ACCOUNT (a story) where you need to set the CONTEXT and the MAIN ELEMENTS that play a role in your project. IN short, you need to “problematize”. Generally, one starts by DESCRIBING a certain spatial entity (a neighbourhood, a city or a region), including its advantages.But then one introduces a CONTRADICTION,expressing a spatial problem that needs to be tackled.

FOR EXAMPLEUTRECHT IS THE FOURTH LARGEST CITY IN THERANDSTAD (WEST PART OF THE NETHERLANDS) WITHAPPROXIMATELY 300.000 INHABITANTS IN 2009 (CBS,2010). IT IS CENTRALLY LOCATED IN THE NETWORK OFHIGHWAYS AND RAILWAYS OF THE COUNTRY(GEMEENTE UTRECHT, 2007). IT POSSESSES THELARGEST UNIVERSITY OF THE COUNTRY AND ADIVERSIFIED SERVICE ORIENTED ECONOMY. IN THE LASTFEW YEARS, THE CITY HAS GAINED APPROXIMATELY30.000 NEW DWELLINGS (CBS, 2010).

HOWEVER...HOWEVER, UTRECHT DOES NOT TAKE FULLADVANTAGE OF ITS CENTRAL POSITION BECAUSE OFTHE CHRONIC CONGESTION OF THE ROADSSURROUNDING THE CITY. INHABITANTS ANDCOMMUTERS COMPLAIN THAT IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TOREACH THE CITY CENTRE FROM THE CITY RING ROAD.TRANSFERIA (THE DUTCH CONCEPT OF CAR PARKINGNEAR THE RING ROADS) ARE UNATTRACTIVE AND NOTSO WELL CONNECTED. THIS IS MAKING UTRECHT LESSCOMPETITIVE IN THE RANDSTAD IN TERMS OF OFFICELOCATION AND IS HAMPERING CITY GROWTH. SEE THE REAL PROBLEM STATEMENT AT THE END OF THIS DOCUMENT

THIS BEGS THE QUESTIONDON’T YOU FEELLIKE ASKING AQUESTION AT THEEND OF THE LASTSLIDE? WHATWOULD THATQUESTION BE?

THAT’S YOUR RESEARCH QUESTION!

BUT YOU NEED TO CRAFT YOUR TEXT

WRITING SKILLS: MAIN PROBLEMS TO TACKLE LANGUAGE (STYLE, GRAMMAR, FLOW OF IDEAS AND LOGICAL THREAD) LACK OF CLEAR STRUCTURE OF THE TEXT: INTRODUCTION/ CONTEXT/ BACKGROUND/ + PROBLEM STATEMENT + CONTEXT/ BACKGROUND + DISCUSSION + CONCLUSION/ RECOMMENDATIONS) FLOW: IDEAS BEING DEVELOPED IN DIFFERENT PARAGRAPHS ARE NOT LOGICALLY CONNECTED

AVOID AT ALL COSTS: PUB TALKUSE OF POORLY SUPPORTED POPULARIDEAS (“PUB TALK”) OR IDEASCIRCULATING IN THE POPULAR MINDWITHOUT ANY CRITIQUE.USE OF CLICHÉS/ PREJUDICES/ SEXISM/RACIAL, CULTURAL OR RELIGIOUS BIAS.THESE ARE OFTEN THE PRODUCT OFUNAWARENESS AND LACK OF CRITIQUEON ONE’S OWN POSITION.

‘INSIDERS’ EXPRESSIONSUSE OF ACRONYMS WITHOUT EXPLAINING THE MEANINGOR THE FUNCTION. EXAMPLE: RPB: RUIMTELIJKE PLANBUREAU (DUTCH SPATIAL PLANNING BUREAU).USE OF NON-ENGLISH EXPRESSIONS WITHOUTEXPLAINING THE MEANING. EXAMPLE:“INBURGERINGSEXAMEN” OR “BESTEEMINGSPLAN”

A COMMON PROBLEM STATEMENTNew developments in ICT and transportteknologies have create new spacialdevelopments in network cities.Connectivity has increase, created newnodes in the network city. They aren’t wellconnected and connection needs to beimproved thru new intrastrucuture coz thiswill improve connectivity. 12

HOW TO GET RID OF SPELLING MISTAKES?GO TO WORD FIRSTSET LANGUAGE (ENGLISH UK)SET GRAMMAR CORRECTORSET THESAURUSPROOF-READ! (HAVE A BREAK BEFORE)

ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF PRESENTATION We proudly present: PRODUCED BY: Adrian Hill, Advait Jani, Eline Bugarin, Lauren Abrahams, Tahereh ADRIAN HILL Keimanesh, Vahid Kiumarsi, Yingtian Zhang Of the European Masters of Urbanism (EMU-TU Delft) IN: “UTRECHT, A Place for knowledge”HTTP://VIMEO.COM/19253276

HOW DID THEY DO IT?- They used ADOBE SUITE to put things together- PREMIERE for the film- ILLUSTRATOR for stills, plans and some of the stop-motion graphics- INDESIGN for stop motion graphics- PHOTOSHOP for perspectives- AFTER EFFECTS for some sequences- SOUNDBOOTH for the sound- SKETCHUP with a plugin called PODIUM- GOOGLE DOCS for the script + sharing info- WORDPRESS.com for the website.

LET’S TALK ABOUT PLAGIARISM

Plagiaat (NL)Plagio (ES, PT) PLAGIARISMPlagiat (DE, FR) (Chinese)Λογοκλοπή (Greek)सा#हि&यक चोरी (Hindi) (Japanese)Penjiplakan(Indonesian) (Korean) (Persian) ‫ﺩﺯﺩﯼ ﺍﺩﺑﯽ‬Plagiatas (Lithuanian)Plagiatul (Romanian)Intihal (Turkish)

THIS IS PLAGIARISM IN VIETNAMESE!sự ăn cắp của người khác làm của

WHAT’S PLAGIARISM? Source: Plagiarism.org “Many people think of plagiarism as copyinganothers work, or borrowing someone elses originalideas. But terms like "copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the offence: According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to "plagiarize" means1. to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as ones own2. to use (anothers production) without crediting the source3. to commit literary theft4. to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source.”

WHAT’S PLAGIARISM AGAIN? “In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone elses work and lying about it afterwards. But can words andideas really be stolen? According to U.S. law (and European Union laws), the answer isYES! The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property, and is protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions”. Source: Plagiarism.org

COPYING AND PASTING IS NOT RESEARCH!

IS THIS PLAGIARISM? FERNANDO BOTERO’S MONALISA,

Matt AND?Original Groening Salvador Dali

PLAGIARISM?

PLAGIARISM?SOURCE: UNITED PRESS, 2009

PLAGIARISM? SOURCE: WWW.URLESQUE.COM

AND THIS?"The Associated Presshas determined that the "We believe fair usephotograph used in the protects Shepards right toposter is an AP photo and do what he did here,"that its use required says Faireys attorney,permission," the APs Anthony Falzone,director of media executive director of therelations, Paul Colford, Fair Use Project atsaid in a statement. Stanford University and a lecturer at the Stanford"AP safeguards its assets Law School. "It wouldntand looks at these events be appropriate toon a case-by-case basis. comment beyond that atWe have reached out to this time because we areMr. Faireys attorney and in discussions about thisare in discussions. We with the AP.hope for an amicablesolution." ASSOCIATED PRESS THINKS IT IS!SOURCE: HTTP://CHICAGOIST.COM/2009/02/05/AP_IN_A_SNIT_OVER_ICONIC_OBAMA_POST.PHP

HOW IS PLAGIARISM DIFFERENT FROM RESEARCHING?SCIENCE WORKS BY BUILDING ON THE KNOWLEDGE OFOTHERS. THIS MEANS THAT YOU WILL REGULARLY USEAND REFER TO TEXTS WRITTEN BY OTHER PEOPLE.IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU MAKE A CLEAR DISTINCTIONBETWEEN YOUR OWN IDEAS AND THOSE OF OTHERS. TOPUT IT SIMPLY, PLAGIARISM IS COPYING SOMEONEELSE’S WORK AND CLAIMING IT AS YOUR OWN, WHILERESEARCHING IS INTEGRATING KNOWLEDGE INTO ANEW NARRATIVE AND ACKNOWLEDGING THE SOURCES. Source: TU DELFT 2009, Cheating, don’t be tempted, Delft, TBM.

PLAGIARISM MAY LEAD TO LACK OF INTEGRATION OF IDEAS INCLUDING IDEAS FROM FAMOUS AUTHORSEITHER OUT OF CONTEXT OR WITHOUT TRYING TO INTERPRET WHAT IS BEING SAID WITHIN THE CONTEXT BEING ANALYSED. QUESTION TO ASK YOURSELF: IS THIS ABSOLUTELY RELEVANT TO UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM AT HAND? WHY? THEN SAY IT! (AND QUOTE!!!) This is relevant for this work because...

You must DUH!you analyse what cite (DUH!) andindicate WHY that is relevant!

AND THEN QUOTE IT! Rocco, in his methodology class, said that copying without citing is not only a crime, it is plain stupid! (Rocco, 2011) AND INCLUDE THE FULL CITATION IN REFERENCES Rocco, R. 2011, Tools for research, Oxford: Oxford University Press *.Oxford University Press? He wishes..* This is justan illustration. This book does not exist!

STANDING ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANTS

WHY BE ORIGINAL? 1% OF THE WORLD POPULATION HAS A UNIVERSITY DEGREESource: BALLANTINE, J. (2006), Our Social World, an introduction to sociology, New York, Addison-Wesley Educational Pub

WHEN IS IT OK TO QUOTE?“AS LONG AS YOU MET CERTAIN CONDITIONS, YOUARE ALLOWED TO QUOTE DIRECTLY FROM APUBLISHED ARTICLE WRITTEN BY SOMEONE ELSE:THE TEXT MUST NOT BE TOO LONGTHE CITATION MUST BE PRINTED USING QUOTATIONMARKSTHE SOURCE MUST BE STATED Source: TU DELFT 2009, Cheating, don’t be tempted, Delft, TBM.

QUOTING“COPYING A PASSAGE FROM AN ARTICLE ORBOOK, WORD FOR WORD. MARK THE PASSAGEWITH QUOTATION MARKS AND STATE THESOURCE CORRECTLY” (TU DELFT, 2009) Source: TU DELFT 2009, Cheating, don’t be tempted, Delft, TBM.

PARAPHRASING“REPRODUCING THE CONTENT OF SOMEONE ELSE’SWORK IN YOUR OWN WORDS” (TU DELFT, 2009). YOU CANCHANGE THE ORIGINAL TEXT SLIGHTLY OR CHANGE ITCOMPLETELY: IF YOU ARE USING THE CENTRAL IDEAFROM SOMEONE, YOU NEED TO STATE THE SOURCE!PARAPHRASING ALLOWS YOU TO INTERPRET A TEXTWHILE YOU USE IT. Source: TU DELFT 2009, Cheating, don’t be tempted, Delft, TBM.

HARVARD CITATION SYSTEM

IN TEXT CITATION WITH PAGE

FULL CITATION AT THE END OF THE TEXT

FULL CITATION JOURNAL

THEORY PAPEREroded public spaces: Impacts on public space by socio-economic transformations in Eastern Europe. Tadas Jonauskis Eroded public spaces: Impacts on public space by rapid socio-economic transformations in Eastern Europe. Tadas Jonauskis Study number 1535536 _ tadasjonauskis@gmail.com Delft University of Technology, Department of Urbanism 5th Graduation Lab Urbanism Conference January 28th 2010Abstract – This paper will review the literature regarding to socio-economic changes on public spaces inEaster European countries after the fall of USSR. It covers the topics of privatization, commercialization,virtualization and mobilization that are the main process affecting the use of public space. Public space is themain focus of this paper and the main question to be answered is how public space was impacted and changed byrapid socio-economic transformations in Eastern Europe. Therefore this paper investigates the way society havechanged and the way new elements which were introduced, such as car and virtual networks, after the fall ofSoviet Union affect the behaviour and life style of the people which resulted how differently people started touse pubic space. Literature review on these elements and aspects will give an overview and suggestions how thepublic space is used and what are the threats and negative elements created by the processes of transformationthat can be avoided or solved in later graduation project stages.Key words – Public space, urban life, street vitality, meeting place, shifted centralities, Eastern Europe, urbansociety, privatization, car culture, commercialization1 Introduction However ‘western culture’ didn’t bring only wealthThis paper will explore the reasons why public and life quality, but on contrary it resulted inspace have changed and is still changing in state of number of negative effects which are expressed intransition from socialism system to capitalism one the way people are using public space.in Eastern European countries after the fall of USSR. This paper will cover main reasons of the publicSocialist cities had strict rules on how the public space to be changing. Literature review will help tospace had to be used and how society had to look identify the changes and the affects on public space.like and to be shaped. The use of public space was The main question to be answered with this paper isnot only different in physical characteristics from how public space was impacted and changed bythe Western cities but also it was different how rapid socio-economic transformations in Easternsociety was seeing it and using it. A sudden change European countries.after the fall of USSR led to number ofinterpretations and unplanned and chaotic changes This paper will start investigating the privatizationin the way people were using public space. Soon of land together with privatization of former stateafter former limitations of public realm, public economic activities was provoked by the need ofopinion and public politics in Soviet Union society relaying of your own. It resulted in physicalwas free to express itself in a way it could imagine. shrinkage of space and shifted balance between

STANDING ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANTS

REFERENCES! Eroded public spaces: Impacts on public space by socio-economic transformations in Eastern Europe. Tadas Jonauskis away from physical space to a virtual. Increased formations, by Ilka Ruby and Andreas Ruby, 138- mobility created separation of the people from each 145, Ruby Press, Berlin other and segregated areas which are mono- functional and pedestrian unfriendly and car GEHL, JAN, 2001, Life between buildings : using Never write the ﬁrst public space, Danish Architectural Press, name of the author(s). oriented. In the end we can conclude that cities started to change from open and collective to closed Copenhagen and individual cities. It changed from open city in HAJER, MAARTEN, ARNOLD REIJNDORP, Instead, use his/her/ terms of open and well accessible public space to a closed city in terms of privately owned and fenced AND ELS BRINKMAN, 2001, In search of new city. Accordingly collective way of living was public domain : analysis and strategy, NAi their ini0als. This was changed to a private ‘western lifestyle’ with the Publishers, Rotterdam importance if individual rather than society as such. HANASZ, WALDEMAR, November 30, 1999, To sum up, public space was important tool to create collective communist society but now it is not "Engines of liberty. Cars and the collapse of communism in eastern europe." not done using used and not understood as a tool to create and promote social interactions but in opposite it is resulted to be used as a tool to separate and alienate JACOBS, JANE, 1998, The death and life of great American cities, Random House, New York ENDNOTE! people and create the city for individualities. KAREN A. FRANCK , QUENTIN STEVENS, 2007, Loose space, Routledge, New York 10 Recommendations The main intention of this paper is to determine the LEFEBVRE, HENRI, 2003, The urban revolution, processes that are affecting the use of public space University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis after the fall of USSR in Eastern European countries.References are the It showed the way people are using public space MOISEEVA, ANASTASIA, 2007, "Network city. under new social and economic conditions and how Urban transformations." Master thesis, Delft public space has changed in past couple decades. READ, STEPHEN, 2009, "Technicity andbooks and ar0cles This given overview will give literature based argumentation for further site specific empirical Publicness: Steps toward an Urban Space.", research and will play a theoretical underpinning Footprint, pages:7-22 role in graduation project.used to write THIS SASSEN, SASKIA, 2001, The global city : New York, London, Tokyo / by Saskia Sassen, Princeton University Press, Princeton Acknowledgements paper I would like to express my appreciation to mine main mentor Stephen Read who gave well structured support on the topic of public space. Also SIK, ENDRE, AND CLAIRE WALLACE, 1999, "The Development of Open-air Markets in East- Central Europe." International Journal of Urban and I would like to appreciate Remon Rooij and Ana Regional Research, pages: 697-714 Maria Fernandez-Maldonado for a support and lessons on writing this paper. STANILOV, KIRIL, 2007, The Post-Socialist city, Springer, Dordrecht Bibliography TEERDS, HANS, 2009, "Public Realm, Public ANDREWS, KALIOPA DIMITROVSKA, 2002, space", In OASE 77, Into the open. Accomodating Mastering the post-socialist city: impacts on the public, by Tom Avermaete, Klaske Havik and planning and the built environment, International Hans Teerds, pages: 21-31, NAi Publishers, Conferences A Greater Europe, Rome. Rotterdam AUGÉ, MARC, 2008, Non-places an introduction WAGENAAR, COR, 2004, Happy : cities and to supermodernity, Verso, London public happiness in post-war Europe, NAi Publishers, Rotterdam BOGLE, SALLY, 1996 August, Invasions of the Market Snatchers, Energy Economist,

DOWNLOAD ENDNOTE FROM BLACKBOARD

GOOGLE SCHOLAR Here I searched for the name of an author: Vincent Nadin This is the main book wriJen by Vincent. It has been cited in 222 papers or ar0cles This is a journal ar0cle. Normally, it would not be accessible, but because you are on campus, you can access it for free (you don’t have to do anything: the program will recognise the fact that you are logged in via TU DelP

WIKIPEDIA IS NOT AN ACADEMIC SOURCE

HOWEVER... Wikipedia has a LIST OF REFERENCES and FURTHER READING, which you can consult. It is extremely useful to see what the current discussion is all about.

YOU CAN ALSO “ASK” GOOGLEWHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?DEFINE: GLOBALIZATIONTRANSLATE: RUIMTE

THESIS REPOSITORY TU DELFThttp://repository.tudelft.nl/

ELECTRONIC DATABASES ON CAMPUS OR VIA VPNhttp://library.tudelft.nl/ws/search/ejournals/index.htm

SCOPUS

WEB OF KNOWLEDGE

CHECK LISTTRY TO NAVIGATE IN THE LIBRARY’S WEBSITE AND LOCATETHE ELECTRONIC JOURNALS (ONLY AVAILABLE FOR ON-CAMPUS CONSULTATIONDOWNLOAD THE PROGRAM ENDNOTE (AVAILABLE ATBLACKBOARD)USE “GOOGLE SCHOLAR” FOR A MORE ACCURATE SEARCH.REMEMBER: WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A VALID SCIENTIFIC SOURCE(IT IS NOT REVIEWED BY AN ACCREDITED PERSON ORINSTITUTION), BUT IT CAN OFTEN GIVE YOU AN IDEA ORPROVIDE YOU WITH VALID SCIENTIFIC SOURCES.

TUTORIALS ON PLAGIARISM PENN STATE UNIVERSITYHTTP://TLT.ITS.PSU.EDU/PLAGIARISM/ TUTORIAL/DEFINITION PRINCETONHTTP://WWW.PRINCETON.EDU/PR/PUB/ INTEGRITY/08/INTRO/INDEX.HTM

MORE INFORMATION ON REFERENCINGWWW.REFERENCING.TBM.TUDELFT.NL

Thanks!Questions? Write tor.c.rocco@tudelft.nlWith special thanks to Matt Smith(ChernobylBob) of Gloucester, UK, whosephotos adorn these pages.Matt’s photographs are available at:www.flickr.com/photos/chernobylbob/Prepared by Roberto Rocco, TU Delftr.c.rocco@tudelft.nl

Remko StinissenJohanan van Dijk (MOBILE STRATEGY STUDIO; TU DELFT, 2009)Problem statement Utrecht-regionThe Utrecht region has an important function in the Randstad. The region is centrally located in the Netherlands and functions as a connector from the Randstad towards the rest of theNetherlands and further to the hinterland of Europe.The central city Utrecht has a very rich history and is one of the oldest cities of the Netherlands. The city started as a fortress for the Roman Empire named Trajectum in the year 47 AD. Thisfortress was located at the current Dom Square. Since the establishment of the fortress the city of Utrecht developed as an important place in cultural, religious, economical andgovernmental aspect (Renes, 2005).The contemporary Utrecht region is associated in economic profile with wholesale trade and education and is named as the national crossroad of traffic, transport and knowledge (Meijers,2007). Utrecht central station is the most important hub in the public transport system on the local, regional and national scales. National and international highways cross the Utrecht-region, and the biggest university (Universiteit Utrecht) of the Netherlands is located in Utrecht. An amount of 60.000 students are studying in the Utrecht-region on universities of scienceand universities of applied sciences. The University of Utrecht is ranked as the top University of the Netherlands (www.arwu.org). Furthermore Utrecht is a very popular region for people tolive in among others because of its central location and the attractive living environments (BRU 2005).However, the Utrecht region is facing major challenges to keep its position as an important region in the Randstad. Accessibility is important for the economic vitality of the region, but trafficproblems are threatening the region (BRU 2005). Congestion, capacity problems and delays in public transport appear on different levels of scale.Furthermore the Utrecht region is facing an enormous challenge in realizing new housing. The possibilities of expansion of the region are limited because of different so called “nationalelandschappen” (protected landscapes), such as the “Groene Hart”, and the “Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie”. It seems that a big part of the new housing should be realized by densification inthe existing urbanization. However, densifying an already congested infrastructure represents a big challenge.Main research questionHow can the two main problems of the Utrecht-region namely the traffic congestion and the lack of housing be solved, while keeping the region’s comparative advantages and strengtheningits position in the Randstad?Sub research questions• Can we consider the Utrecht region as a city-region or is it another geographical entity? o Method: the review paper I: “Defining the city-region” provides the theoretical framework for answering this question. o Result: further argumentation and concluding from review paper I• What is today’s regional design and what is the role of the urban planner in this discipline? o Method: review literature II o Result: review paper II: “Designing the city-region”.• How to densify the existing urban area without causing more traffic congestion? o Method: explorative workshop with scenario development o Result: even more questions• How to densify the region by taking advantage of the already existing infrastructures of the area, without compromising mobility and quality of life? o Method: exploring the issue of Transit Oriented Developments o Result: review paper II: “Designing the city-region”.• How to introduce new infrastructure that tackles the traffic problems and can contribute to a changing model-split, focusing on more users of public transport? o Method: exploring innovative use of public transport o Result: design or adjusting the public transport system of the Utrecht-region• Source: Remko Stinissen and Johanan van Dijk, Studio Mobile Strategies, Studio Leaders R. Rooij, R. Rocco, Fall 2008.

http://rps-tudelft.blogspot.com	11
http://complexcitiesstudio.blogspot.com	11
http://spatialplanningtudelft.eu	11
http://www.linkedin.com	1
http://paper.li	1

Tools for research in areas of design practice: problem finding.

by Roberto Rocco on Feb 10, 2011

Accessibility

Categories

Tags

Upload Details

Usage Rights

5 Embeds 35

Statistics

Tools for research in areas of design practice: problem finding. — Presentation Transcript