Inner Core Mantle Crust Outer Core lithosphere asthenosphere

Magma

Eurasian Plate Indo-Australian Plate African Plate South American Plate Pacific Plate Antarctic Plate North American Plate Caribbean Plate Arabian Plate

Two plates forced apart. New crust created. Thinner plate forced under. Plate tranformed back into magma. Two plates slide past each other. Crust neither created nor destroyed. Grinding causes earthquakes.

Fault line

Rocks under pressure for a long time. Creates waves in rock. Himalayas Rockies Alps Indo-Australian vs. Eurasian plates Pressure is too great or too sudden. Large cracks in crust. Usually appear after violent earthquake. Result of subduction. Pacific vs. North American plates. Andes Hawaiian Islands Hot spots

Plinian Vulcanian Strombolian Peleean Hawaiian low-pressure low-pressure low shield volcanoes pyrocalastic flow and ash cloud above large lava flows high-pressure explosion high-pressure explosion periodic low-pressure eruptions tall cones gas build up under lava hot lava bombs and rocks ash sent up to 30m high