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The Tao of the Web
              China and the Global Internet
                                      Rebecca MacKinnon

                                    Open Society Fellow
                   Assistant Professor, Journalism & Media Studies Centre,
                                   University of Hong Kong
                                  Co-Founder, Global Voices

                                  Blog: RConversation.com
                           email: rebecca.mackinnon@gmail.com

                               This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. To view a
                               copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons,
                               171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.


Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“The kingdom is a spirit-like thing, and
                         cannot be got by active doing. He who
                         would so win it destroys it; he who would
                         hold it in his grasp loses it.”



                               --- Lao-tzu, The Tao-te Ching
                                    Chapter 29, No.1




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cultural loss of control: “Back dorm boys”




                         http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2HOD-nrOY8


Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Premier Wen Jiabaoʼs 2-hour
            live chat with “netizens”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Gov.cn




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Gov.cn




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Gov.cn




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
E - “Two Congresses”
             National Peopleʼs Congress & Chinese Peopleʼs Political Consultative Conference
                                     http://elianghui.people.com.cn




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
E - “Two Congresses”
             National Peopleʼs Congress & Chinese Peopleʼs Political Consultative Conference
                                     http://elianghui.people.com.cn




                         Sign up for a
                         “membership
                            badge”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
E - “Two Congresses”
             National Peopleʼs Congress & Chinese Peopleʼs Political Consultative Conference
                                     http://elianghui.people.com.cn




                                Sign up for a
                                                                     Two suggestions for fighting corruption
                                “membership
                                   badge”

                                                                         Crackdown on ads for illegal medicine as hard as the
                                                                                       anti-porn crackdown
                    Suggestions for improving safety in coal mines


Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Proposal to abolish one child policy

                            “End the one-child
                         policy, restore population
                          growth to a sustainable
                                   rate”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Proposal to abolish one child policy
                                                                                              Don’t we have enough people?

                            “End the one-child
                         policy, restore population
                          growth to a sustainable
                                   rate”              Uphold the reproductive rights of
                                                          the Han Chinese race!




                                                                                          Deng Xiaoping himself said that the one-child
                                                                                                 policy would be for 30 years!




                                                                                          Reward single childless people with free health
                                                                                                               care...




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Chinese
                         cyber-glasnost???


Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Not so fast...



                  Wang Xiaofeng:
                people are getting too
                emotional .. “...without a
                proper [political] structure all
               Premier Wen can do is interact
                with people on an emotional
                          level...”



Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Not so fast...


                              “Due to certain problems Wang Xiaofengʼs blog is
                                    closed temporarily (for a few days)”




                  Wang Xiaofeng:
                people are getting too
                emotional .. “...without a
                proper [political] structure all
               Premier Wen can do is interact
                with people on an emotional
                          level...”



Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Not so fast...


                              “Due to certain problems Wang Xiaofengʼs blog is
                                                                                       Sorry, due to a sudden
                                    closed temporarily (for a few days)”
                                                                                     case, plus the two-space-
                                                                                      conferences, plus having
                                                                                  mentioned Pre-space-mier-space
                                                                                 Wen, therefore Teacher Wangʼs blog
                                                                                         has been temporarily
                  Wang Xiaofeng:                                                  “smutted”...please have patience
                                                                                    until the two-space-meetings
                people are getting too
                                                                                             are over.
                emotional .. “...without a
                proper [political] structure all
               Premier Wen can do is interact
                with people on an emotional
                          level...”



Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Dissidents are still in jail




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Dissidents are still in jail




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Dissidents are still in jail




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Dissidents are still in jail




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-tarianism?
                                     President Hu Jintao (June 2008):
                                         “We pay great attention to
                                     suggestions and advice from our
                                      netizens. We stress the idea of
                                          quot;putting people firstquot; and
                                     quot;governing for the people.quot; With
                                     this in mind, we need to listen to
                                     people's voices extensively and
                                      pool the people's wisdom when
                                         we take actions and make
                                          decisions. The web is an
                                        important channel for us to
                                      understand the concerns of the
                                     public and assemble the wisdom
                                                of the public.”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-tarianism?
                                                                               President Hu Jintao (June 2008):
                                                                                   “We pay great attention to
                                                                               suggestions and advice from our
                                                                                netizens. We stress the idea of
                                                                                    quot;putting people firstquot; and
                                                                               quot;governing for the people.quot; With
                                                                               this in mind, we need to listen to
                                                                               people's voices extensively and
                                                                                pool the people's wisdom when
                                                                                   we take actions and make
                                                                                    decisions. The web is an
                                                                                  important channel for us to
                                                                                understand the concerns of the
                                                                               public and assemble the wisdom
                                                                                          of the public.”




          • “Authoritarian deliberation” (Yongnian Zheng)
                         Technological Empowerment: The Internet, State, and Society in China
                                http://video.sina.com.cn/news/c/v/2008-06-20/105617742.shtml
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Common Western paradigm for
              Chinese Internet controls: makes it
             harder to understand Cyber-tarianism




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“Iron curtain 2.0”
                                                    (h/t Lokman Tsui)




                         Photo courtesy “PC fish” on Wikipedia at:
                         http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Point_Alpha_Ostseite.jpg (GNU Free Documentation License)

Tuesday, March 3, 2009
The “Great Firewall” in action




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“Net nanny”




                         Photo courtesy “merwing” at http://flickr.com/photos/merwing/2569326878/
                         (Creative Commons BY-NC-ND license)


Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Inside the firewall: Search censorship
                         Image search for “Tiananmen massacre”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Inside the firewall: Search censorship
                         Image search for “Tiananmen massacre”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Inside the firewall: Search censorship
                         Image search for “Tiananmen massacre”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Censorship by Chinese blog-hosting companies



                                      Tianya blog service:
                                        Blog post about
                                     “Tiananmen Mothers”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
CENSORED




                         Your post “Tiananmen mothers organization publishes a
                          website” has been successfully submitted! Because it
                         contains sensitive words, please wait for the community
                          editors to approve it. Please donʼt re-post. Thank you.




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Sina.com: Report about explosion in Xinjiang,
                                published successfully, but...




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Post is removed within 24 hours.
                         Error message at same URL: “Sorry, the blog address
                                     you visited does not exist.”


                         8 OUT OF 15 BLOG SERVICES TESTED CENSORED
                                        THIS CONTENT


Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Tests show blogs are censored by companies,
                      amount and methods very decentralized
                Company A                                                                      60

                        B                                                           44


                                                                                               15 blog hosts tested,
                        C                                                    34

                        D                                               31
                                                                                                  108 valid tests
                        E                                          27

                        F                                      26
Blog services




                        G                                                          NOTE: Company names have been replaced with
                                                              24

                                                                                  letters due to concerns that companies who censor
                        H                                 22

                                                                                          less will be subject to repercussions.
                         I                               20

                        J                            19

                                                                                          For more about Chinese blog
                        K                           17

                                                                                         censorship see February issue
                        L                      13

                                                                                               of First Monday at:
                        M                  9

                                                                                              http://firstmonday.org
                        N              3

                        O          1


                               0                               27                         54            81             108

                                                                   Number of blog posts tested
      Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Chinese web management:
          Hydro-electric engineering?




Photos:
LEFT: “noelinthebahamas” on Flickr at http://flickr.com/photos/noelinthebahamas/2417798169/ (Creative Commons BY-NC-ND)
RIGHT: “yunmeng” on Flickr at http://flickr.com/photos/yunmeng/323886547/ (Creative Commons BY-NC-SA)



Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Riot in Wengʼan county, Guizhou province, Julyʼ08
                                Summer 2008 marked a shift in
                                   official media strategy: let
                                 official news agencies cover
                                bad breaking stories to get the
                                official version out quickly, then
                                   censor unofficial versions.




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“Pushups” were
                                                              used by bloggers
                                                                to talk about
                                                              Wengʼan incident




                         This Sina.com website no longer exists




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“Pushups” were
                                                              used by bloggers
                                                                to talk about
                                                              Wengʼan incident




                         This Sina.com website no longer exists




                                           3 images from: http://www.caobian.info/?p=3778
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Political joke:
                         “River crab wears three watches”




                         “Harmonious”       “Rivercrab”

Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Anti-censorship Protest video:
                          “song of the alpaca sheep”




                             http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3tPA_Z_MT0


Tuesday, March 3, 2009
River crabs vs. alpaca sheep




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber civil war 2.0




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-nationalism




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
V.P. Xi Jinping in Mexico




               Some foreigners who have eaten their fill
               have nothing better to do than point their
                        fingers at our affairs.



Tuesday, March 3, 2009
V.P. Xi Jinping in Mexico

                                                                 “It is only by way of this frankness that the
                                                            confidence of a responsible big power can be better
                                                            displayed; it is only by way of this frankness that the
                                                            bright attitude of an increasingly powerful China can
                                                            best be shown; and also it is only with this frankness
                                                                    our fellow countrymen will feel excited.”




               Some foreigners who have eaten their fill
               have nothing better to do than point their
                        fingers at our affairs.



Tuesday, March 3, 2009
V.P. Xi Jinping in Mexico

                                                                       “It is only by way of this frankness that the
                                                                  confidence of a responsible big power can be better
                                                                  displayed; it is only by way of this frankness that the
                                                                  bright attitude of an increasingly powerful China can
                                                                  best be shown; and also it is only with this frankness
                                                                          our fellow countrymen will feel excited.”




                                                         “Vice President Xi
                                                       Jinping is so cool! He
                                                       trashed the unfriendly
                                                             foreigners.”


               Some foreigners who have eaten their fill
               have nothing better to do than point their
                        fingers at our affairs.



Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“Fifty Cent party”
                paid & volunteer web commentators




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-vigilantism
                         “Human flesh search engines”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-vigilantism
                         “Human flesh search engines”


                                               Cyber-Maoism?




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber police




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber bonapartism?
                                   “a broad centrist
                               political movement that
                               advocates the idea of a
                                strong and centralized
                               state, based on popular
                                       support.”


                             http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonapartism




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-confucianism?
                          “importance of education
                          for moral development of
                           the individual so that the
                          state can be governed by
                          moral virtue rather than by
                          the use of coercive laws.”

                         http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-ocracy?




                              2008 Chinese Blogger Conference, Guangzhou.
                         Photos courtesy “HKdom” http://www.flickr.com/photos/hkdom/3046205362/
                           and http://www.flickr.com/photos/hkdom/3046219444/in/photostream/
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Isaac Mao
                                                               If we want free speech,
                                                             first we need free thinking.




                                                            http://www.isaacmao.com/

    “Sharism will result in better social justice. In a healthy sharing environment, any evidence
    of injustice can get amplified to get the public's attention. Anyone who has been abused
    can get real and instant support from her peers and her peers' peers.”

   “Sharism will be the politics of the next global superpower. It will not be a country,
   but a new human network joined by Social Software.”
          Photo by Joi Ito (Creative Commons BY) at:
          http://freesouls.cc/essays/07-isaac-mao-sharism.html
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Bloggers & civil rights
                    lawyers argue:
                           “Internet democracy” isnʼt really
                           democratic without things like:

                           • rational, systematic & fair
                           mechanisms;

                           • mandated institutional
                           transparency & accountability;

                           • meaningful and robust legal
                           protection for free speech
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Web freedom vs. control
                         Jeffersonians vs. Hamiltonians
                           (Central idea in David Postʼs Jeffersonʼs Moose)

           The argument is very much unresolved in todayʼs parliamentary
           democracies when it comes to Web standards and regulations..




     Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia:
     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpg
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Web freedom vs. control
                         Jeffersonians vs. Hamiltonians
                           (Central idea in David Postʼs Jeffersonʼs Moose)

           The argument is very much unresolved in todayʼs parliamentary
           democracies when it comes to Web standards and regulations..



                                         A lively Chinese
                                          version of this
                                          debate is now
                                        raging, hampered
                                       by censorship - and
                                         complicated by
                                       strong nationalism.


     Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia:
     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpg
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer
                   between citizens and government

                              Government




                                Citizen

Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer
                   between citizens and government

                              Government




                               Web & IT
                               services




                                Citizen

Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer
                   between citizens and government

                              Government




                               Web & IT
                               services




                                Citizen

Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer
                   between citizens and government

                              Government




                               Web & IT
                               services




                                Citizen

Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Where are we going?


               “Authoritarian   “Democratic
                Countries”       Countries”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Where are we going?


               “Authoritarian   “Democratic
                Countries”       Countries”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Where are we going?


               “Authoritarian   “Democratic
                Countries”       Countries”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Where are we going?


               “Authoritarian   “Democratic
                Countries”       Countries”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Where are we going?
                                ?
               “Authoritarian       “Democratic
                Countries”           Countries”




Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer
                   between citizens and government
                             Government




                               Web & IT
                               services




                               Citizen
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer
                   between citizens and government
                                 Government




                                      Web & IT
                                      services
                         Global
                         Network
                         Initiative


                                      Citizen
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer
                   between citizens and government
                                 Government




                                      Web & IT
                                      services
                         Global                  Regulation
                         Network                 (GOFA,
                                                 WTO, etc?)
                         Initiative


                                      Citizen
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer
                   between citizens and government
                                 Government




 Internet                             Web & IT
 governance &                         services
 Technical               Global                  Regulation
 standards               Network                 (GOFA,
                                                 WTO, etc?)
                         Initiative


                                      Citizen
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer
                   between citizens and government
                                 Government




 Internet                             Web & IT               International
 governance &                         services              human rights
 Technical               Global                  Regulation norms
 standards               Network                 (GOFA,
                                                 WTO, etc?)
                         Initiative


                                      Citizen
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer
                   between citizens and government
                                 Government




 Internet                             Web & IT               International
 governance &                         services              human rights
 Technical               Global                  Regulation norms
 standards               Network                 (GOFA,
                                                 WTO, etc?)
                         Initiative
                                  MUCH
                                   better
                           organized, informed &
                                  Citizen
                                 equipped
                           GLOBAL CITIZENRY?
Tuesday, March 3, 2009

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The Tao of the Web: China and the future of the Internet

  • 1. The Tao of the Web China and the Global Internet Rebecca MacKinnon Open Society Fellow Assistant Professor, Journalism & Media Studies Centre, University of Hong Kong Co-Founder, Global Voices Blog: RConversation.com email: rebecca.mackinnon@gmail.com This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 2. “The kingdom is a spirit-like thing, and cannot be got by active doing. He who would so win it destroys it; he who would hold it in his grasp loses it.” --- Lao-tzu, The Tao-te Ching Chapter 29, No.1 Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 3. Cultural loss of control: “Back dorm boys” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2HOD-nrOY8 Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 4. Premier Wen Jiabaoʼs 2-hour live chat with “netizens” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 8. E - “Two Congresses” National Peopleʼs Congress & Chinese Peopleʼs Political Consultative Conference http://elianghui.people.com.cn Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 9. E - “Two Congresses” National Peopleʼs Congress & Chinese Peopleʼs Political Consultative Conference http://elianghui.people.com.cn Sign up for a “membership badge” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 10. E - “Two Congresses” National Peopleʼs Congress & Chinese Peopleʼs Political Consultative Conference http://elianghui.people.com.cn Sign up for a Two suggestions for fighting corruption “membership badge” Crackdown on ads for illegal medicine as hard as the anti-porn crackdown Suggestions for improving safety in coal mines Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 11. Proposal to abolish one child policy “End the one-child policy, restore population growth to a sustainable rate” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 12. Proposal to abolish one child policy Don’t we have enough people? “End the one-child policy, restore population growth to a sustainable rate” Uphold the reproductive rights of the Han Chinese race! Deng Xiaoping himself said that the one-child policy would be for 30 years! Reward single childless people with free health care... Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 13. Chinese cyber-glasnost??? Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 14. Not so fast... Wang Xiaofeng: people are getting too emotional .. “...without a proper [political] structure all Premier Wen can do is interact with people on an emotional level...” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 15. Not so fast... “Due to certain problems Wang Xiaofengʼs blog is closed temporarily (for a few days)” Wang Xiaofeng: people are getting too emotional .. “...without a proper [political] structure all Premier Wen can do is interact with people on an emotional level...” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 16. Not so fast... “Due to certain problems Wang Xiaofengʼs blog is Sorry, due to a sudden closed temporarily (for a few days)” case, plus the two-space- conferences, plus having mentioned Pre-space-mier-space Wen, therefore Teacher Wangʼs blog has been temporarily Wang Xiaofeng: “smutted”...please have patience until the two-space-meetings people are getting too are over. emotional .. “...without a proper [political] structure all Premier Wen can do is interact with people on an emotional level...” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 17. Dissidents are still in jail Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 18. Dissidents are still in jail Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 19. Dissidents are still in jail Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 20. Dissidents are still in jail Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 21. Cyber-tarianism? President Hu Jintao (June 2008): “We pay great attention to suggestions and advice from our netizens. We stress the idea of quot;putting people firstquot; and quot;governing for the people.quot; With this in mind, we need to listen to people's voices extensively and pool the people's wisdom when we take actions and make decisions. The web is an important channel for us to understand the concerns of the public and assemble the wisdom of the public.” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 22. Cyber-tarianism? President Hu Jintao (June 2008): “We pay great attention to suggestions and advice from our netizens. We stress the idea of quot;putting people firstquot; and quot;governing for the people.quot; With this in mind, we need to listen to people's voices extensively and pool the people's wisdom when we take actions and make decisions. The web is an important channel for us to understand the concerns of the public and assemble the wisdom of the public.” • “Authoritarian deliberation” (Yongnian Zheng) Technological Empowerment: The Internet, State, and Society in China http://video.sina.com.cn/news/c/v/2008-06-20/105617742.shtml Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 23. Common Western paradigm for Chinese Internet controls: makes it harder to understand Cyber-tarianism Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 24. “Iron curtain 2.0” (h/t Lokman Tsui) Photo courtesy “PC fish” on Wikipedia at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Point_Alpha_Ostseite.jpg (GNU Free Documentation License) Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 25. The “Great Firewall” in action Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 26. “Net nanny” Photo courtesy “merwing” at http://flickr.com/photos/merwing/2569326878/ (Creative Commons BY-NC-ND license) Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 27. Inside the firewall: Search censorship Image search for “Tiananmen massacre” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 28. Inside the firewall: Search censorship Image search for “Tiananmen massacre” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 29. Inside the firewall: Search censorship Image search for “Tiananmen massacre” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 30. Censorship by Chinese blog-hosting companies Tianya blog service: Blog post about “Tiananmen Mothers” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 31. CENSORED Your post “Tiananmen mothers organization publishes a website” has been successfully submitted! Because it contains sensitive words, please wait for the community editors to approve it. Please donʼt re-post. Thank you. Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 32. Sina.com: Report about explosion in Xinjiang, published successfully, but... Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 33. Post is removed within 24 hours. Error message at same URL: “Sorry, the blog address you visited does not exist.” 8 OUT OF 15 BLOG SERVICES TESTED CENSORED THIS CONTENT Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 34. Tests show blogs are censored by companies, amount and methods very decentralized Company A 60 B 44 15 blog hosts tested, C 34 D 31 108 valid tests E 27 F 26 Blog services G NOTE: Company names have been replaced with 24 letters due to concerns that companies who censor H 22 less will be subject to repercussions. I 20 J 19 For more about Chinese blog K 17 censorship see February issue L 13 of First Monday at: M 9 http://firstmonday.org N 3 O 1 0 27 54 81 108 Number of blog posts tested Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 35. Chinese web management: Hydro-electric engineering? Photos: LEFT: “noelinthebahamas” on Flickr at http://flickr.com/photos/noelinthebahamas/2417798169/ (Creative Commons BY-NC-ND) RIGHT: “yunmeng” on Flickr at http://flickr.com/photos/yunmeng/323886547/ (Creative Commons BY-NC-SA) Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 36. Riot in Wengʼan county, Guizhou province, Julyʼ08 Summer 2008 marked a shift in official media strategy: let official news agencies cover bad breaking stories to get the official version out quickly, then censor unofficial versions. Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 37. “Pushups” were used by bloggers to talk about Wengʼan incident This Sina.com website no longer exists Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 38. “Pushups” were used by bloggers to talk about Wengʼan incident This Sina.com website no longer exists 3 images from: http://www.caobian.info/?p=3778 Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 39. Political joke: “River crab wears three watches” “Harmonious” “Rivercrab” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 40. Anti-censorship Protest video: “song of the alpaca sheep” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3tPA_Z_MT0 Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 41. River crabs vs. alpaca sheep Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 42. Cyber civil war 2.0 Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 44. V.P. Xi Jinping in Mexico Some foreigners who have eaten their fill have nothing better to do than point their fingers at our affairs. Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 45. V.P. Xi Jinping in Mexico “It is only by way of this frankness that the confidence of a responsible big power can be better displayed; it is only by way of this frankness that the bright attitude of an increasingly powerful China can best be shown; and also it is only with this frankness our fellow countrymen will feel excited.” Some foreigners who have eaten their fill have nothing better to do than point their fingers at our affairs. Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 46. V.P. Xi Jinping in Mexico “It is only by way of this frankness that the confidence of a responsible big power can be better displayed; it is only by way of this frankness that the bright attitude of an increasingly powerful China can best be shown; and also it is only with this frankness our fellow countrymen will feel excited.” “Vice President Xi Jinping is so cool! He trashed the unfriendly foreigners.” Some foreigners who have eaten their fill have nothing better to do than point their fingers at our affairs. Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 47. “Fifty Cent party” paid & volunteer web commentators Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 48. Cyber-vigilantism “Human flesh search engines” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 49. Cyber-vigilantism “Human flesh search engines” Cyber-Maoism? Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 51. Cyber bonapartism? “a broad centrist political movement that advocates the idea of a strong and centralized state, based on popular support.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonapartism Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 52. Cyber-confucianism? “importance of education for moral development of the individual so that the state can be governed by moral virtue rather than by the use of coercive laws.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 53. Cyber-ocracy? 2008 Chinese Blogger Conference, Guangzhou. Photos courtesy “HKdom” http://www.flickr.com/photos/hkdom/3046205362/ and http://www.flickr.com/photos/hkdom/3046219444/in/photostream/ Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 54. Isaac Mao If we want free speech, first we need free thinking. http://www.isaacmao.com/ “Sharism will result in better social justice. In a healthy sharing environment, any evidence of injustice can get amplified to get the public's attention. Anyone who has been abused can get real and instant support from her peers and her peers' peers.” “Sharism will be the politics of the next global superpower. It will not be a country, but a new human network joined by Social Software.” Photo by Joi Ito (Creative Commons BY) at: http://freesouls.cc/essays/07-isaac-mao-sharism.html Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 55. Bloggers & civil rights lawyers argue: “Internet democracy” isnʼt really democratic without things like: • rational, systematic & fair mechanisms; • mandated institutional transparency & accountability; • meaningful and robust legal protection for free speech Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 56. Web freedom vs. control Jeffersonians vs. Hamiltonians (Central idea in David Postʼs Jeffersonʼs Moose) The argument is very much unresolved in todayʼs parliamentary democracies when it comes to Web standards and regulations.. Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpg Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 57. Web freedom vs. control Jeffersonians vs. Hamiltonians (Central idea in David Postʼs Jeffersonʼs Moose) The argument is very much unresolved in todayʼs parliamentary democracies when it comes to Web standards and regulations.. A lively Chinese version of this debate is now raging, hampered by censorship - and complicated by strong nationalism. Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpg Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 58. We are building a global layer between citizens and government Government Citizen Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 59. We are building a global layer between citizens and government Government Web & IT services Citizen Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 60. We are building a global layer between citizens and government Government Web & IT services Citizen Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 61. We are building a global layer between citizens and government Government Web & IT services Citizen Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 62. Where are we going? “Authoritarian “Democratic Countries” Countries” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 63. Where are we going? “Authoritarian “Democratic Countries” Countries” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 64. Where are we going? “Authoritarian “Democratic Countries” Countries” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 65. Where are we going? “Authoritarian “Democratic Countries” Countries” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 66. Where are we going? ? “Authoritarian “Democratic Countries” Countries” Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 67. We are building a global layer between citizens and government Government Web & IT services Citizen Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 68. We are building a global layer between citizens and government Government Web & IT services Global Network Initiative Citizen Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 69. We are building a global layer between citizens and government Government Web & IT services Global Regulation Network (GOFA, WTO, etc?) Initiative Citizen Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 70. We are building a global layer between citizens and government Government Internet Web & IT governance & services Technical Global Regulation standards Network (GOFA, WTO, etc?) Initiative Citizen Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 71. We are building a global layer between citizens and government Government Internet Web & IT International governance & services human rights Technical Global Regulation norms standards Network (GOFA, WTO, etc?) Initiative Citizen Tuesday, March 3, 2009
  • 72. We are building a global layer between citizens and government Government Internet Web & IT International governance & services human rights Technical Global Regulation norms standards Network (GOFA, WTO, etc?) Initiative MUCH better organized, informed & Citizen equipped GLOBAL CITIZENRY? Tuesday, March 3, 2009