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Me fdi and fii in india
Definition Of FDI
•    FDI is that investment, which is made to serve the business
    interests of the investor in a company, which is in a different nation
    distinct from the investor’s country of origin.
•   The parent enterprise through its foreign direct investment effort
    seeks to exercise substantial “Control” over the foreign affiliate
    company.


• Exp. - An American company taking a majority stake in a company
    in India.
Types of FDI
• By direction
 Inward
 Outward

•   By Target
   Mergers and Acquisitions
   Horizontal FDI
   Vertical FDI

• By motive
 Resource seeking
 Market seeking
 Efficiency seeking
Advantages of FDI
•   Economic growth.
•   Trade.
•   Employment and skill levels.
•   Technology diffusion and knowledge transfer.
•   Linkages and spillover to domestic firms.
•   Improved technology.
•   Management expertise.
•   Access to international markets.
Disadvantages
•   Crowding of local industry.
•   Loss of control.
•   Repatriation of profits (dividends by investor).
•   Effects on local culture/ sentiments- socio
    cultural effects
FDI Statistics
Factors Affecting FDI
• Financial incentives (funds from local Govt.)
• Fiscal incentives (Exemption from import duties)
• Indirect incentives (Provides land and other
  resources)
• Political stability.
• Market potential and accessibility.
• Large economy.
• Market Size.
India’s hottest destinations
1. Maharashtra
      Maharashtra received the lion's share of the FDI $2.43
   billion (Rs 11,154 crore), which is 35% of the total FDI
   inflows in to the country,.
2. National Capital Region
   NCR received $1.85 billion (Rs 8,476 crore) in FDI during the
   period. The region accounted for 20% of the total FDI.
3. West Bengal, Sikkim, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
   These states attracted the third highest FDI inflows worth
   $1.416 billion (Rs 6,050 crore)
4. Karnataka - $936 million (Rs 4,333 crore)
5. Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh - $904 million (Rs
   4,141 crore)
Me fdi and fii in india
Me fdi and fii in india
Source: UNCTAD survey.
Source: UNCTAD survey.
Definition of FII
• An investor or investment fund that is from or registered in a
  country outside of the one in which it is currently investing.
• Institutional investors include hedge funds, insurance
  companies, pension funds and mutual funds.
• The term is used most commonly in India to refer to outside
  companies investing in the financial markets of India.
• International institutional investors must register with the
  Securities and Exchange Board of India to participate in the
  market.
• One of the major market regulations pertaining to FIIs involves
  placing limits on FII ownership in Indian companies.
Contd….
• Hedge Funds:
  An aggressively managed portfolio of investments that uses
  advanced investment strategies such as leveraged, long, short
  and derivative positions in both domestic and international
  markets with the goal of generating high returns.
• Insurance Companies:
 A company that offers insurance policies to the public, either
  by selling directly to an individual or through another source
  such as an employee's benefit plan.
 An insurance company is usually comprised of multiple
  insurance agents. An insurance company can specialize in one
  type of insurance, such as life insurance, health insurance, or
  auto insurance, or offer multiple types of insurance.
Contd….
• Pension Funds:
 A fund established by an employer to facilitate and
  organize the investment of employees' retirement funds
  contributed by the employer and employees.
 The pension fund is a common asset pool meant
  to generate stable growth over the long term, and provide
  pensions for employees when they reach the end of their
  working years and commence retirement.

• Mutual Funds: An investment vehicle that is made up of a
  pool of funds collected from many investors for the
  purpose of investing in securities such as stocks, bonds,
  money market instruments and similar assets.
Advantages Of FII
• Enhanced flows of equity capital:
 FIIs have a greater appetite for equity than debt in their
  asset structure. The opening up the economy to FIIs has
  been in line with the accepted preference for non-debt
  creating foreign inflows over foreign debt.
 Enhanced flow of equity capital helps improve capital
  structures and contributes towards building the investment
  gap.

• Managing uncertainty and controlling risks:
  FII inflows help in financial innovation and development
  of hedging instruments. Also, it not only enhances
  competition in financial markets, but also improves the
  alignment of asset prices to fundamentals.
Contd….
• Equity market development aids economic development:
  By increasing the availability of riskier long term capital
  for projects, and increasing firm’s incentives to provide
  more information about their operations, FIIs can help in
  the process of economic development.

• Improved corporate governance:
 FIIs constitute professional bodies of asset managers
  and financial analysts, who, by contributing to better
  understanding of firm’s operations, improve corporate
  governance.
 Bad corporate governance makes equity finance a costly
  option. Also, institutionalization increases dividend
  payouts, and enhances productivity growth.
Disadvantages Of FII
• Problems of Inflation: Huge amounts of FII fund inflow into the
  country creates a lot of demand for rupee, and the RBI pumps
  the amount of Rupee in the market as a result of demand
  created.
• Problems for small investor:
 The FIIs profit from investing in emerging financial stock
  markets. If the cap on FII is high then they can bring in huge
  amounts of funds in the country’s stock markets and thus have
  great influence on the way the stock markets behaves, going
  up or down.
 The FII buying pushes the stocks up and their selling shows
  the stock market the downward path. This creates problems
  for the small retail investor, whose fortunes get driven by the
  actions of the large FIIs.
Contd….
• Adverse impact on Exports: FII flows leading to appreciation of
  the currency may lead to the exports industry becoming
  uncompetitive due to the appreciation of the rupee.
• Hot Money:
 “Hot money” refers to funds that are controlled by investors
  who actively seek short-term returns. These investors scan the
  market for short-term, high interest rate investment
  opportunities.
 “Hot money” can have economic and financial repercussions
  on countries and banks. When money is injected into a
  country, the exchange rate for the country gaining the money
  strengthens, while the exchange rate for the country losing the
  money weakens. If money is withdrawn on short notice, the
  banking institution will experience a shortage of funds.
FII Activity for the Year 2012




              Source : www.indiainfoline.com
Areas effected by FII
 Stock market
 The FII’s profit from investing in emerging financial stock markets, say the
 Indian stock Exchange. If the cap on FII is high then they can bring in lot of
 funds in the countries stock markets and thus have great influence on the
 way the stock markets behaves, going up or down. The FII buying pushes
 the stocks up and their selling shows the stock market the downward
 path. So this is how influencing FII can be, as is seen in the present
 downtrend of the stock markets in India courtesy heavy FII selling.


 Exchange Rates
 The simple way of understanding is through Demand and Supply. If say US
 imports from India it is creating a demand for Rupee thus the Indian rupee
 appreciates w.r.t the dollar. If India imports then the dollar appreciates
 w.r.t the Indian rupee.
contd
 Exports & Imports:
  The FII lead to appreciation of the currency, they lead to the exports
  industry becoming uncompetitive due to the appreciation of the rupee.
  For e.g. if 1 USD = Rs.40 and a soap costs 1 USD. Now when the rupee
  appreciates 1 USD = Rs. 20, I will have to sell the same soap to the US for 2
  US Dollars in order to sustain the same income that I have been making
  i.e. Rs.40. Thus excess FII fund inflow in the country can also make a
  negative impact on the economy of the country.

 Inflation:
 The huge amount of FII fund inflow into the country creates a lot of
  demand for rupee, and the RBI pumps the amount of Rupee in the market
  as a result of demand created by the FII’s. This situation could lead to
  excess liquidity

 Thus there should be a limit to the FII inflow in the country.
Difference between FDI and FII
                     FDI                                         FII
1. It is long-term investment               1. It is generally short-term investment
2. Investment in physical assets            2. Investment in financial assets
3. Aim is to increase enterprise capacity   3. Aim is to increase capital availability
   or productivity or change
   management control
4. Leads to technology transfer, access     4. FII results in only capital inflows
   to markets and management inputs
5. FDI flows into the primary market
                                            5. FII flows into the secondary market
6. Entry and exit is relatively difficult
                                            6. Entry and exist is relatively easy
7. FDI is eligible for profits of the
   company                                  7. FII is eligible for capital gain
8. Does not tend be speculative             8. Tends to be speculative
9. Direct impact on employment of           9. No direct impact on employment of
   labour and wages                            labour and wages
10.Abiding interest in mgt.                 10.Fleeting interest in mgt.
Terms related to FII
• Sub-account:
       Includes those forgein corporations,
  forgein individuals and institutions, funds or
  portfolios established or incorporated outside
  India on whose behalf investments are
  proposed to be made in India by FII.
• Designated Bank:
     Any bank in India which has been
  authorized by the RBI of India to act as a
  banker to FII.
Cont…
• Domestic Custodian:
     It means any entity registered with SEBI to
  carry or the activity of providing custodial
  services in respect of securities.
Role of FIIs
• The Indian stock market has come of age and has
   substantially aligned itself with the international
   order.
• Market has also witnessed a growing trend of
‘institutionalization’ that may be considered as a
   consequence of globalization.
• It is influence of the FIIs which changed the face
   of the Indian stock markets. Screen based trading
   and depository are realities today largely because
   of FIIs
Cont…
• FIIs are the trendsetters in any market. They
  were the first ones to identify the potential of
  Indian technology stocks. When the rest of the
  investors in these scrips, they exited the scrips
  and booked profits.
• Rolling settlement was introduced at the
  insistence of FIIs as they were uncomfortable
  with the badla system.
• The FIIs are playing an important role in bringing
  in funds needed by the equity market.
Cont…
• A positive contribution of the FIIs has been
  their role in improving the stock market
  infrastructure.
• Led to emergence of new system called the
  depository system.
FDI & FII flows to India
SL. ITEM       2006-07 2007- 2008- 2009-   2010-   2010-11   2011-12
NO                     08    09    10      11      (APRIL-   (APRIL-
                                                   SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER)



1   FDI        0.8     1.3   1.8    1.3    0.6     0.9       1.3




2   PROTFOLIO  0.7     2.2   -1.2   2.4    1.8     3.1       0.1
    INVESTMENT
CAPITAL FLOWS IN 2011-12
                         CAPITAL FLOWS IN 2011-12

                               US$ BILLION

 COMPONENT               PERIOD              2010-11   2011-12

FDI TO INDIA       APRIL-AUGUST               11.7      21.0

  FIIs(net)        APRIL-OCT. 14              27.5       0.6

 ADRs/GDRs         APRIL-AUGUST                1.5       0.3

   ECBs            APRIL-AUGUST                7.5      15.9
 Approvals
NRI Deposits       APRIL-AUGUST                1.9       2.1
   (net)

SOURCE: www.rbi.org.in
Regulations
• The SEBI is a nodal agency for dealing with FIIs and
  they have to obtain initial registration with SEBI.
• The SEBI initial registration is valid for 5 years. The RBI
  general permission to FIIs will also hold good for five
  years.
• FIIs can invest in all securities traded on primary and
  secondary market.
• FIIs can repatriate capital gains, dividends, incomes
  received by way of interest and any compensation
  received towards sale/renouncement of rights
  offering of shares.
Recent Statistics

• FDI inflows projected at $35 billion in 2011/12 against the
  level of $23.4 billion in 2010-11.
• FII inflows projected to be $14 billion which is less than
  half that of the last year i.e. $30.3 billion.
• FDI flows rose by 36% to US$23.69 billion during
  January- October 2011.
• FDI rose by an impressive 56% to US$2.53 billion in
  November 2011.
• The Govt. has approved 20 FDI proposals worth Rs
  1,935.24 cr(US$ 384.5 million)


Source: www.ibef.org
RECENT NEWS
• India is a country that has been able to restore
  investor confidence in its markets, even during the
  toughest of times. Increase in capital inflows, foreign
  direct investments (FDI) and overseas entities’
  participation reflect the fact that Indian markets have
  fared well in recent times.

• SEBI tries to soothe FIIs’ frayed nerves:
      Sebi said that FII sub-accounts will not be allowed
  to issue PNs(Participatory Notes) any further and the
  18-month period to wind up derivatives positions
  taken through the PN route will not be relaxed.
Cont…
• India’s finance ministry allows 26% FDI in Indian
  airlines companies.
• Tax Caveat haunt FII investments.
• FII norms for commexes eased, single- branded
  retail.
• Emirates airline may look at investing in India
  carrier. (ET).
• FII investment inflows into the country in 2011
  turned negative as foreign fund managers took
  another Rs 1,636 crore off the table.
SOURCE: livemint.com a wall street journal
Posted on: Mon, Apr 9 2012. 6:57 PM IST
Impact FDI on Indian economy
 Creates employment opportunity for domestic country.
  Good relation between two countries.
 Modern technology.
 Inflow of foreign funds in Indian economy.
 To provides the goods and services at best suitable
  price.
 It creates the competition among the domestic company
  and MNC in this way domestic co.can increase their
  efficiency.
 Indian company get chance to work professional body.
 Indian company get chance to work with world market
  Leader Company.
 Backward area can be developed.
 Creating good capital market in India.
 Government earns in the form of licenses fees,
Flow of FII on Indian stock market
 Source: DIPPs                             In INR
YEAR             ANNUAL RETURN   FII INVESTMENTS IN EQUITIES



          2001          -18                  11970
          2002           6                    3629
          2003          67                   30459
          2004          12                   38965
          2005          36                   47181
          2006          40                   36540
          2007          53                   71486
          2008          -54                  -52987
          2009          81                   83424
          2010         15.5                 133526
          2011          -25                  -2812
FII investments

• Adopting a bullish stance on India, overseas
  investors have pumped over Rs 14,000 cr. into
  the Indian equity market in Feb, 2012.
• Foreign institutional investors(FIIs) were gross
  buyers of shares worth Rs 15,362 cr., while they
  sold equities amounting to Rs 14,104.50 cr.,
  translating into a net investment of Rs 1,257.30
  cr. (USD 258 million) till March 9, as per the data
  available with market regulator SEBI.
Why encourage FII’s
• To enhance the Global liquidity into the equity
  markets.
• Raise the price earning ratio.
• Built our reputation in the international
  community.
• Instrumental in capital formation.
SHARE OF TOP INVESTING COUNTRIES FDI
   EQUITY INFLOWS (Financial years):
           Ranks Country       % flows to          % flows to india
                               India(upto- 2011)   (till 2012)
           1     Mauritius     42%                 39%
           2     Singapore     9%                  10%
           3     U.S.A         7%                  6%
           4     U.K.          5%                  6%
           5     Netherlands   4%                  4%
           6     Japan         4%                  8%
           7     Cyprus        4%                  4%
           8     Germany       2%                  3%
           9     U.A.E         2%                  1%
           10    France        1%                  2%

Source: DIPP’s
SECTORS ATTRACTING HIGHEST FDI EQUITY INFLOWS:
                                          Amount in crores




 Source: DIPP’s Database
India Vs China
          INDIA                               CHINA
• India's per capita income is    • China's per capita income
  USD 440.                          is USD 990.
• India received USD 4.67         • China received USD 52.7
  billion of FDI inflows in the     billion of FDI inflows in the
  same year.                        year 2002.
• FDI Inflows only                • FDI flows contribute 3.5%
  contributes to 0.8 percent        of china’s GDP.
  of India's GDP.                 • High-tech industries in
• India's high-tech industries      China contributes to
  claim for 2.3 percent of          around 7.9 percent in the
  Gross Domestic Product.           GDP of the country.
Strengths of India And China
        INDIA                         CHINA
• India has skilled and     • China has a bigger market
  efficient manpower.         size than India.
• Talented management       • Offers easy accessibility
  system.                     to export market.
• Rule of law.              • Government incentives.
• Transparent system of     • Developed infrastructure.
  work.                     • Cost-effectiveness.
• Cultural affinity and     • Macro-economic climate
  regulatory environment.
Caveat for FII investment in
               India
 However, the FII activities come with a caveat. When the FII find that the markets
  are performing badly, they will quickly cash out to save their positions.
 Maruti Suzuki shares jumped over 2 per cent as theReserve Bank of India removed
  the company from the caution list for FII investment, dealers said.

 In a press release, the central bank said the aggregate shareholding in Maruti
  Suzuki by foreign institutional investors under the Portfolio Investment Scheme
  has gone below the prescribed trigger limit and restrictions placed earlier on
  purchase of its shares were withdrawn.



      In August as the stock markets fell on the news of the problems with Greece
    financial situation and the down rating of US credit rating, the FII’s have been
    selling heavily. This means that the investment will be sent out of the country.
Contd..
 Mid-cap and small cap indices have recorded higher gains, rising by 14.4 per cent
  and 17 per cent respectively.

 The sectors that were so far sluggish are now the biggest gainers. Capital goods,
  metals, real estate and banking sectors saw their respective indices surge by the
  high twenties.

 The capital goods index rose 28 per cent while metals, real estate and banking
  witnessed a jump in the range of 23-25 per cent.

 The information technology (IT) and fast moving consumer goods indices traded
  flat.
 Mutual funds, domestic institutions and FIIs too have gained. FIIs remained more
  or less invested in the market in 2011 and have been entering at attractive levels
  leading to a rally in the market.
 Experts, however say that the market is getting into a phase where it is in an
  overbought position and any bad news could possibly lead to a reversal in the
  rally.
FII and FDI connection
 The relationship between FII and FDI (Foreign Direct
  Investment) is intertwined.

 In 1998 – 1999 a number of reforms were initiated, that were
  designed specifically for attracting FDI. In India FDI is allowed
  through FII’s.

 This is done through private equity, preferential allotment,
  joint ventures and capital market operations.
Contd..
 The only industries in which FDI isn’t allowed are arms,
  railways, coal, nuclear and mining. 100% financing by FDI is
  allowed in infrastructural projects such as construction of the
  bridges and the tunnels.

 In the financial sector, insurance and banking operations can
  have foreign investors.

 Even though the current financial crisis is affecting the
  markets, it will be some time before the markets will rise
  again.
Why India?
• Liberal, largest democracy, political stability.
• Second largest emerging market.
• Skilled and competitive labor force.
• Highest rates of return on investment.
• One hundred of the fortune 500 have R&D
  facilities in India.
• Second largest group of software developers
  after the U.S.
• Lists 6,500 companies on the BSE
Cont……
• World’s fourth largest economy and second
  largest pharmaceutical industry.
• Growth over the past few years averaging 8%.
• Destination for business process outsourcing,
  knowledge processing etc.
• Second largest English speaking, scientific,
  technical and executive manpower.
• Low costs and tax exemptions in SEZ.
•
Recommendations for India
 India should open more sectors to FDI to boost
  foreign cash inflows unlike China.
•   Chinese government has opened more sectors to foreign direct
    investment (FDI) to increase the foreign investment flows in side the
    country which has seen some drop in last month due to ongoing global
    economic slowdown and euro zone debt crisis.China’s FDI dropped nearly
    9.76% to USD 8.76 billion in November which has prompted the Chinese
    government to take this decision   .

 The new sectors such as energy-saving and
  environment-friendly technologies, new-generation
  information technology, biotechnology, high-end
  equipment manufacturing, alternative energy,
  advanced materials and alternative fuel cars should
  be opened for FDI by India .
Contd..
 Recently Indian Government failed to approve FDI in
  multi brand retail and current policy paralysis by the
  government who is hurting the FDI in India. During this
  time, China’s move to allow FDI in more sectors is
  definitely a confidence booster for the global investors
  who bet on emerging markets for more return.

 India should follow the same step to attract more FDI
  inside the country which will also support its
  continuously depreciating currency.
Conclusion

      There is little doubt that FII
inflows have significantly grown in
importance over the last few years. In
the absence of any other substantial
form of capital inflows, the potential ill
effects of a reduction in the FII flows
into the Indian economy can be severe.
Thus, while it does not indicate that FII
inflows are per-se bad, there is
possibly a need to gear up macro-
Me fdi and fii in india

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Me fdi and fii in india

  • 2. Definition Of FDI • FDI is that investment, which is made to serve the business interests of the investor in a company, which is in a different nation distinct from the investor’s country of origin. • The parent enterprise through its foreign direct investment effort seeks to exercise substantial “Control” over the foreign affiliate company. • Exp. - An American company taking a majority stake in a company in India.
  • 3. Types of FDI • By direction  Inward  Outward • By Target  Mergers and Acquisitions  Horizontal FDI  Vertical FDI • By motive  Resource seeking  Market seeking  Efficiency seeking
  • 4. Advantages of FDI • Economic growth. • Trade. • Employment and skill levels. • Technology diffusion and knowledge transfer. • Linkages and spillover to domestic firms. • Improved technology. • Management expertise. • Access to international markets.
  • 5. Disadvantages • Crowding of local industry. • Loss of control. • Repatriation of profits (dividends by investor). • Effects on local culture/ sentiments- socio cultural effects
  • 7. Factors Affecting FDI • Financial incentives (funds from local Govt.) • Fiscal incentives (Exemption from import duties) • Indirect incentives (Provides land and other resources) • Political stability. • Market potential and accessibility. • Large economy. • Market Size.
  • 8. India’s hottest destinations 1. Maharashtra Maharashtra received the lion's share of the FDI $2.43 billion (Rs 11,154 crore), which is 35% of the total FDI inflows in to the country,. 2. National Capital Region NCR received $1.85 billion (Rs 8,476 crore) in FDI during the period. The region accounted for 20% of the total FDI. 3. West Bengal, Sikkim, Andaman & Nicobar Islands These states attracted the third highest FDI inflows worth $1.416 billion (Rs 6,050 crore) 4. Karnataka - $936 million (Rs 4,333 crore) 5. Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh - $904 million (Rs 4,141 crore)
  • 13. Definition of FII • An investor or investment fund that is from or registered in a country outside of the one in which it is currently investing. • Institutional investors include hedge funds, insurance companies, pension funds and mutual funds. • The term is used most commonly in India to refer to outside companies investing in the financial markets of India. • International institutional investors must register with the Securities and Exchange Board of India to participate in the market. • One of the major market regulations pertaining to FIIs involves placing limits on FII ownership in Indian companies.
  • 14. Contd…. • Hedge Funds: An aggressively managed portfolio of investments that uses advanced investment strategies such as leveraged, long, short and derivative positions in both domestic and international markets with the goal of generating high returns. • Insurance Companies:  A company that offers insurance policies to the public, either by selling directly to an individual or through another source such as an employee's benefit plan.  An insurance company is usually comprised of multiple insurance agents. An insurance company can specialize in one type of insurance, such as life insurance, health insurance, or auto insurance, or offer multiple types of insurance.
  • 15. Contd…. • Pension Funds:  A fund established by an employer to facilitate and organize the investment of employees' retirement funds contributed by the employer and employees.  The pension fund is a common asset pool meant to generate stable growth over the long term, and provide pensions for employees when they reach the end of their working years and commence retirement. • Mutual Funds: An investment vehicle that is made up of a pool of funds collected from many investors for the purpose of investing in securities such as stocks, bonds, money market instruments and similar assets.
  • 16. Advantages Of FII • Enhanced flows of equity capital:  FIIs have a greater appetite for equity than debt in their asset structure. The opening up the economy to FIIs has been in line with the accepted preference for non-debt creating foreign inflows over foreign debt.  Enhanced flow of equity capital helps improve capital structures and contributes towards building the investment gap. • Managing uncertainty and controlling risks: FII inflows help in financial innovation and development of hedging instruments. Also, it not only enhances competition in financial markets, but also improves the alignment of asset prices to fundamentals.
  • 17. Contd…. • Equity market development aids economic development: By increasing the availability of riskier long term capital for projects, and increasing firm’s incentives to provide more information about their operations, FIIs can help in the process of economic development. • Improved corporate governance:  FIIs constitute professional bodies of asset managers and financial analysts, who, by contributing to better understanding of firm’s operations, improve corporate governance.  Bad corporate governance makes equity finance a costly option. Also, institutionalization increases dividend payouts, and enhances productivity growth.
  • 18. Disadvantages Of FII • Problems of Inflation: Huge amounts of FII fund inflow into the country creates a lot of demand for rupee, and the RBI pumps the amount of Rupee in the market as a result of demand created. • Problems for small investor:  The FIIs profit from investing in emerging financial stock markets. If the cap on FII is high then they can bring in huge amounts of funds in the country’s stock markets and thus have great influence on the way the stock markets behaves, going up or down.  The FII buying pushes the stocks up and their selling shows the stock market the downward path. This creates problems for the small retail investor, whose fortunes get driven by the actions of the large FIIs.
  • 19. Contd…. • Adverse impact on Exports: FII flows leading to appreciation of the currency may lead to the exports industry becoming uncompetitive due to the appreciation of the rupee. • Hot Money:  “Hot money” refers to funds that are controlled by investors who actively seek short-term returns. These investors scan the market for short-term, high interest rate investment opportunities.  “Hot money” can have economic and financial repercussions on countries and banks. When money is injected into a country, the exchange rate for the country gaining the money strengthens, while the exchange rate for the country losing the money weakens. If money is withdrawn on short notice, the banking institution will experience a shortage of funds.
  • 20. FII Activity for the Year 2012 Source : www.indiainfoline.com
  • 21. Areas effected by FII  Stock market The FII’s profit from investing in emerging financial stock markets, say the Indian stock Exchange. If the cap on FII is high then they can bring in lot of funds in the countries stock markets and thus have great influence on the way the stock markets behaves, going up or down. The FII buying pushes the stocks up and their selling shows the stock market the downward path. So this is how influencing FII can be, as is seen in the present downtrend of the stock markets in India courtesy heavy FII selling.  Exchange Rates The simple way of understanding is through Demand and Supply. If say US imports from India it is creating a demand for Rupee thus the Indian rupee appreciates w.r.t the dollar. If India imports then the dollar appreciates w.r.t the Indian rupee.
  • 22. contd  Exports & Imports: The FII lead to appreciation of the currency, they lead to the exports industry becoming uncompetitive due to the appreciation of the rupee. For e.g. if 1 USD = Rs.40 and a soap costs 1 USD. Now when the rupee appreciates 1 USD = Rs. 20, I will have to sell the same soap to the US for 2 US Dollars in order to sustain the same income that I have been making i.e. Rs.40. Thus excess FII fund inflow in the country can also make a negative impact on the economy of the country.  Inflation: The huge amount of FII fund inflow into the country creates a lot of demand for rupee, and the RBI pumps the amount of Rupee in the market as a result of demand created by the FII’s. This situation could lead to excess liquidity  Thus there should be a limit to the FII inflow in the country.
  • 23. Difference between FDI and FII FDI FII 1. It is long-term investment 1. It is generally short-term investment 2. Investment in physical assets 2. Investment in financial assets 3. Aim is to increase enterprise capacity 3. Aim is to increase capital availability or productivity or change management control 4. Leads to technology transfer, access 4. FII results in only capital inflows to markets and management inputs 5. FDI flows into the primary market 5. FII flows into the secondary market 6. Entry and exit is relatively difficult 6. Entry and exist is relatively easy 7. FDI is eligible for profits of the company 7. FII is eligible for capital gain 8. Does not tend be speculative 8. Tends to be speculative 9. Direct impact on employment of 9. No direct impact on employment of labour and wages labour and wages 10.Abiding interest in mgt. 10.Fleeting interest in mgt.
  • 24. Terms related to FII • Sub-account: Includes those forgein corporations, forgein individuals and institutions, funds or portfolios established or incorporated outside India on whose behalf investments are proposed to be made in India by FII. • Designated Bank: Any bank in India which has been authorized by the RBI of India to act as a banker to FII.
  • 25. Cont… • Domestic Custodian: It means any entity registered with SEBI to carry or the activity of providing custodial services in respect of securities.
  • 26. Role of FIIs • The Indian stock market has come of age and has substantially aligned itself with the international order. • Market has also witnessed a growing trend of ‘institutionalization’ that may be considered as a consequence of globalization. • It is influence of the FIIs which changed the face of the Indian stock markets. Screen based trading and depository are realities today largely because of FIIs
  • 27. Cont… • FIIs are the trendsetters in any market. They were the first ones to identify the potential of Indian technology stocks. When the rest of the investors in these scrips, they exited the scrips and booked profits. • Rolling settlement was introduced at the insistence of FIIs as they were uncomfortable with the badla system. • The FIIs are playing an important role in bringing in funds needed by the equity market.
  • 28. Cont… • A positive contribution of the FIIs has been their role in improving the stock market infrastructure. • Led to emergence of new system called the depository system.
  • 29. FDI & FII flows to India SL. ITEM 2006-07 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2010-11 2011-12 NO 08 09 10 11 (APRIL- (APRIL- SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER) 1 FDI 0.8 1.3 1.8 1.3 0.6 0.9 1.3 2 PROTFOLIO 0.7 2.2 -1.2 2.4 1.8 3.1 0.1 INVESTMENT
  • 30. CAPITAL FLOWS IN 2011-12 CAPITAL FLOWS IN 2011-12 US$ BILLION COMPONENT PERIOD 2010-11 2011-12 FDI TO INDIA APRIL-AUGUST 11.7 21.0 FIIs(net) APRIL-OCT. 14 27.5 0.6 ADRs/GDRs APRIL-AUGUST 1.5 0.3 ECBs APRIL-AUGUST 7.5 15.9 Approvals NRI Deposits APRIL-AUGUST 1.9 2.1 (net) SOURCE: www.rbi.org.in
  • 31. Regulations • The SEBI is a nodal agency for dealing with FIIs and they have to obtain initial registration with SEBI. • The SEBI initial registration is valid for 5 years. The RBI general permission to FIIs will also hold good for five years. • FIIs can invest in all securities traded on primary and secondary market. • FIIs can repatriate capital gains, dividends, incomes received by way of interest and any compensation received towards sale/renouncement of rights offering of shares.
  • 32. Recent Statistics • FDI inflows projected at $35 billion in 2011/12 against the level of $23.4 billion in 2010-11. • FII inflows projected to be $14 billion which is less than half that of the last year i.e. $30.3 billion. • FDI flows rose by 36% to US$23.69 billion during January- October 2011. • FDI rose by an impressive 56% to US$2.53 billion in November 2011. • The Govt. has approved 20 FDI proposals worth Rs 1,935.24 cr(US$ 384.5 million) Source: www.ibef.org
  • 33. RECENT NEWS • India is a country that has been able to restore investor confidence in its markets, even during the toughest of times. Increase in capital inflows, foreign direct investments (FDI) and overseas entities’ participation reflect the fact that Indian markets have fared well in recent times. • SEBI tries to soothe FIIs’ frayed nerves: Sebi said that FII sub-accounts will not be allowed to issue PNs(Participatory Notes) any further and the 18-month period to wind up derivatives positions taken through the PN route will not be relaxed.
  • 34. Cont… • India’s finance ministry allows 26% FDI in Indian airlines companies. • Tax Caveat haunt FII investments. • FII norms for commexes eased, single- branded retail. • Emirates airline may look at investing in India carrier. (ET). • FII investment inflows into the country in 2011 turned negative as foreign fund managers took another Rs 1,636 crore off the table.
  • 35. SOURCE: livemint.com a wall street journal Posted on: Mon, Apr 9 2012. 6:57 PM IST
  • 36. Impact FDI on Indian economy  Creates employment opportunity for domestic country. Good relation between two countries.  Modern technology.  Inflow of foreign funds in Indian economy.  To provides the goods and services at best suitable price.  It creates the competition among the domestic company and MNC in this way domestic co.can increase their efficiency.  Indian company get chance to work professional body.  Indian company get chance to work with world market Leader Company.  Backward area can be developed.  Creating good capital market in India.  Government earns in the form of licenses fees,
  • 37. Flow of FII on Indian stock market Source: DIPPs In INR YEAR ANNUAL RETURN FII INVESTMENTS IN EQUITIES 2001 -18 11970 2002 6 3629 2003 67 30459 2004 12 38965 2005 36 47181 2006 40 36540 2007 53 71486 2008 -54 -52987 2009 81 83424 2010 15.5 133526 2011 -25 -2812
  • 38. FII investments • Adopting a bullish stance on India, overseas investors have pumped over Rs 14,000 cr. into the Indian equity market in Feb, 2012. • Foreign institutional investors(FIIs) were gross buyers of shares worth Rs 15,362 cr., while they sold equities amounting to Rs 14,104.50 cr., translating into a net investment of Rs 1,257.30 cr. (USD 258 million) till March 9, as per the data available with market regulator SEBI.
  • 39. Why encourage FII’s • To enhance the Global liquidity into the equity markets. • Raise the price earning ratio. • Built our reputation in the international community. • Instrumental in capital formation.
  • 40. SHARE OF TOP INVESTING COUNTRIES FDI EQUITY INFLOWS (Financial years): Ranks Country % flows to % flows to india India(upto- 2011) (till 2012) 1 Mauritius 42% 39% 2 Singapore 9% 10% 3 U.S.A 7% 6% 4 U.K. 5% 6% 5 Netherlands 4% 4% 6 Japan 4% 8% 7 Cyprus 4% 4% 8 Germany 2% 3% 9 U.A.E 2% 1% 10 France 1% 2% Source: DIPP’s
  • 41. SECTORS ATTRACTING HIGHEST FDI EQUITY INFLOWS: Amount in crores Source: DIPP’s Database
  • 42. India Vs China INDIA CHINA • India's per capita income is • China's per capita income USD 440. is USD 990. • India received USD 4.67 • China received USD 52.7 billion of FDI inflows in the billion of FDI inflows in the same year. year 2002. • FDI Inflows only • FDI flows contribute 3.5% contributes to 0.8 percent of china’s GDP. of India's GDP. • High-tech industries in • India's high-tech industries China contributes to claim for 2.3 percent of around 7.9 percent in the Gross Domestic Product. GDP of the country.
  • 43. Strengths of India And China INDIA CHINA • India has skilled and • China has a bigger market efficient manpower. size than India. • Talented management • Offers easy accessibility system. to export market. • Rule of law. • Government incentives. • Transparent system of • Developed infrastructure. work. • Cost-effectiveness. • Cultural affinity and • Macro-economic climate regulatory environment.
  • 44. Caveat for FII investment in India  However, the FII activities come with a caveat. When the FII find that the markets are performing badly, they will quickly cash out to save their positions.  Maruti Suzuki shares jumped over 2 per cent as theReserve Bank of India removed the company from the caution list for FII investment, dealers said.  In a press release, the central bank said the aggregate shareholding in Maruti Suzuki by foreign institutional investors under the Portfolio Investment Scheme has gone below the prescribed trigger limit and restrictions placed earlier on purchase of its shares were withdrawn.  In August as the stock markets fell on the news of the problems with Greece financial situation and the down rating of US credit rating, the FII’s have been selling heavily. This means that the investment will be sent out of the country.
  • 45. Contd..  Mid-cap and small cap indices have recorded higher gains, rising by 14.4 per cent and 17 per cent respectively.  The sectors that were so far sluggish are now the biggest gainers. Capital goods, metals, real estate and banking sectors saw their respective indices surge by the high twenties.  The capital goods index rose 28 per cent while metals, real estate and banking witnessed a jump in the range of 23-25 per cent.  The information technology (IT) and fast moving consumer goods indices traded flat.  Mutual funds, domestic institutions and FIIs too have gained. FIIs remained more or less invested in the market in 2011 and have been entering at attractive levels leading to a rally in the market.  Experts, however say that the market is getting into a phase where it is in an overbought position and any bad news could possibly lead to a reversal in the rally.
  • 46. FII and FDI connection  The relationship between FII and FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) is intertwined.  In 1998 – 1999 a number of reforms were initiated, that were designed specifically for attracting FDI. In India FDI is allowed through FII’s.  This is done through private equity, preferential allotment, joint ventures and capital market operations.
  • 47. Contd..  The only industries in which FDI isn’t allowed are arms, railways, coal, nuclear and mining. 100% financing by FDI is allowed in infrastructural projects such as construction of the bridges and the tunnels.  In the financial sector, insurance and banking operations can have foreign investors.  Even though the current financial crisis is affecting the markets, it will be some time before the markets will rise again.
  • 48. Why India? • Liberal, largest democracy, political stability. • Second largest emerging market. • Skilled and competitive labor force. • Highest rates of return on investment. • One hundred of the fortune 500 have R&D facilities in India. • Second largest group of software developers after the U.S. • Lists 6,500 companies on the BSE
  • 49. Cont…… • World’s fourth largest economy and second largest pharmaceutical industry. • Growth over the past few years averaging 8%. • Destination for business process outsourcing, knowledge processing etc. • Second largest English speaking, scientific, technical and executive manpower. • Low costs and tax exemptions in SEZ. •
  • 50. Recommendations for India  India should open more sectors to FDI to boost foreign cash inflows unlike China. • Chinese government has opened more sectors to foreign direct investment (FDI) to increase the foreign investment flows in side the country which has seen some drop in last month due to ongoing global economic slowdown and euro zone debt crisis.China’s FDI dropped nearly 9.76% to USD 8.76 billion in November which has prompted the Chinese government to take this decision .  The new sectors such as energy-saving and environment-friendly technologies, new-generation information technology, biotechnology, high-end equipment manufacturing, alternative energy, advanced materials and alternative fuel cars should be opened for FDI by India .
  • 51. Contd..  Recently Indian Government failed to approve FDI in multi brand retail and current policy paralysis by the government who is hurting the FDI in India. During this time, China’s move to allow FDI in more sectors is definitely a confidence booster for the global investors who bet on emerging markets for more return.  India should follow the same step to attract more FDI inside the country which will also support its continuously depreciating currency.
  • 52. Conclusion There is little doubt that FII inflows have significantly grown in importance over the last few years. In the absence of any other substantial form of capital inflows, the potential ill effects of a reduction in the FII flows into the Indian economy can be severe. Thus, while it does not indicate that FII inflows are per-se bad, there is possibly a need to gear up macro-