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Operating Systems Overview,[object Object],Designed for 4th Semester Students of GTU (Gujarat Technical University),[object Object]
What is an Operating System,[object Object],An operating system (OS) is an interface between hardware and user which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer that acts as a host for computing applications run on the machine.,[object Object],Software that controls the allocation and usage of hardware resources such as memory, CPU time, disk space, and input and output devices.,[object Object],The foundation software of a machine; that which schedules tasks, allocates storage, and presents a default interface to the user between applications.,[object Object]
Operating System Overview,[object Object],User,[object Object],Application,[object Object],Operating System,[object Object],Hardware,[object Object]
Operating System Functions,[object Object],It manages the hardware and software resources of the system. In a desktop computer, these resources include the processor, memory, disk space and many more (On a cell phone, they include the keypad, the screen, the address book,etc).,[object Object],It provides a stable, consistent way for applications to deal with the hardware without having to know all the details of the hardware.,[object Object]
Types of Operating Systems,[object Object]
Examples of Operating Systems,[object Object],Microsoft Windows,[object Object],Mac OS X,[object Object],Unix and Unix-like operating systems,[object Object],BSD and its descendants,[object Object],Plan 9,[object Object],Linux and GNU,[object Object],Google Chrome OS,[object Object]
Concepts/Models of Operating System,[object Object],Monolithic Systems,[object Object],Layered Systems,[object Object],Virtual Machines,[object Object],Client Server System,[object Object]
Monolithic Operating Systems,[object Object],The components of monolithic operating system are organized randomly and any module can call any other module without any reservation. Similar to the other operating systems, applications in monolithic OS are separated from the operating system itself.,[object Object]
Layered Operating System,[object Object],The components of layered operating system are organized into modules and layers them one on top of the other. Each module provide a set of functions that other module can call. Interface functions at any particular level can invoke services provided by lower layers but not the other way around.,[object Object]
Virtual Machines,[object Object],Virtual machines are separated into two major categories, based on their use and degree of correspondence to any real machine. ,[object Object],A system virtual machine provides a complete system platform which supports the execution of a complete operating system.,[object Object],In contrast, a process virtual machine is designed to run a single program, which means that it supports a single process. ,[object Object],An essential characteristic of a virtual machine is that the software running inside is limited to the resources and abstractions provided by the virtual machine—it cannot break out of its virtual world.,[object Object]
Client-Server System,[object Object],Client–server model of computing is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between service providers, called servers, and service requesters, called clients. ,[object Object],Often clients and servers communicate over a computer network on separate hardware, but both client and server may reside in the same system. ,[object Object],A server machine is a host that is running one or more server programs which share its resources with clients. A client does not share any of its resources, but requests a server's content or service function. Clients therefore initiate communication sessions with servers which await (listen to) incoming requests.,[object Object]
Components of Operating Systems,[object Object],The user interface,[object Object],The kernel,[object Object],Program execution,[object Object],Interrupts,[object Object],Protected mode, supervisor mode, and virtual modes,[object Object],Memory management,[object Object],Virtual memory,[object Object],Multitasking,[object Object],Disk access and file systems,[object Object],Device drivers,[object Object],Networking,[object Object],Security,[object Object],We will read details about these components in the next chapters.,[object Object]
Operating System Tasks,[object Object],The operating system's tasks, in the most general sense, fall into six categories:,[object Object],Processor management,[object Object],Memory management,[object Object],Device management,[object Object],Storage management,[object Object],Application interface,[object Object],User interface,[object Object],We will read the details about these in the next chapters.,[object Object]
Read it again and head for the next chapter,[object Object]

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