Tendency Of Organic Aquaculture Development

Tendency of organic aquaculture development Nguyen Duy Hoa, Ph.D. Email: [email_address] National Breeding Center for Southern Marine Aquaculture http://www.ridzalmersing.com

Outline
General information
Organic aquaculture – Case studies
Problem identifications
Tendency
http://www.ridzalmersing.com

General information
Organic production system
Thanks to the United States’s Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Organic Standard Board, the word “Organic” has an official definition in the United States:
An ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activities . It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain and enhance ecological harmony.
1. Definition http://www.ridzalmersing.com

Why go to organic production
Safe the soil, water and nature
Help property reduction in remote areas
Improve health for both producers and consumers
Value added for export products
Avoid to sink our land
… .
Consumer expectation for food quality and safety and environmental, social, and economic benefits for farmers and for society. http://www.ridzalmersing.com

Organic aquaculture
The variety of species produced in aquacultural systems and vast differences in cultural requirements for finfish, shellfish, mollusks, and aquatic plants add to the complexity of defining “organic” for this sector. Some species and some production systems may prove quite difficult to adapt to a traditional “organic” system.
Organic aquaculture also aims to provide fish and other products that are ecologically, economically and socially sound.

2. History of organic aquaculture
Rooted in the organic agriculture movement
Extensive ‘organic’ Carp production in early nineties by Organic Farmers and Organic Farming Association in Austria and Germany
Establishment of organic salmon project in Ireland, in 1995 based on IFOAM organic farming principles with the involvement of Naturland, then
Successful organic salmon, first in Germany, later in the United Kingdom and France, followed by seabass, seabream, freshwater salmonids, and carp
Organic shrimp started in Ecuador, in 1998, then in Peru and Brazil
In China most are carp in polyculture, crab, shrimp, turtle or sea cucumbers
Black tiger shrimp in Bangladesh, Thailand and Vietnam

In 2000, IFOAM published a draft standards for organic aquaculture
Soil Association setting the standards for organic salmon in 2006
Introduction of detailed production rules for organic aquaculture as part of EU organic regulation in 2009

3. Common principles for organic aquaculture
The production systems must correspond to the species-specific physiological and behavioral needs of animals
Feedstuffs must be either from certified organic agriculture or from suitable fisheries products.
Use of chemical and synthesis pesticides and similar substances on the farm is prohibited. Net cages may not be treated anti-fouling agents to regulate algal growth
Prophylactic use of antibiotics and other conventional treatment is prohibited.

Aquaculture operations may not yield any negative impact on neighbouring eco-systems
Absolute prohibition of GMOs (genetically modified organicsm), reffering not only to feed and other inputs, but to animal stock being cultivated.
Processing takes place according to organic principles (use of sodium metabisulfate in shrimp processing, application of liquid smoke in salmon smokeries is not allowed…)
Social sustainability is an increasing important aspect of organic aquaculture

Organic carp
A multi-species farming system
Organic origin
Production system and husbandry practices
Environmental impact
Slaughter
Feed
Medical treatment
Organic aquaculture - case studies http://www.ridzalmersing.com

Organic salmoniadae
Origin of broodstock
Husbandry practices
Environmetal impact
Slaughter
Predators
Feed
…

Penaeid shrimp
Mangrove protection
Use of conventional medicine and antibiotics
Density and intensity
Feed
… .

Case studies in Vietnam Organic black tiger shrimp project

Site selection and protection of mangrove: the mangrove forest at least 70% of the farm area
Protection ecosystem in the farm and surroundings: destruction of mangrove is not permited, water quality is monitored
Only native species are stocked
Breeding: naturally redcommened but eyestalk-ablation still accepted for black tiger shrimp
Heating or aeration of pond is not allowed

Tidal flow used for water exchange
Fertilization of the ponds: the use of organic waste as raw materials or compost produced by the farm itself is authorized
Feeding in pond: use of external feed is not allowed
Stocking density: < 2 inds/m 2
Safeguarding health and hygiene: rely on probiotics for disease control, not antibiotics
Harvesting and processing: care must be taken to maintain shrimp quality, processing follow organic principles

Organic catfish project (Binca seafood, Naturland and local producers) -Fish fries must be free from antibiotic residue (pass nursing period 40-60 days -Feeds include 50% rice bran, 25% soybean, 25% fishmeal (organic certified materials) - The culture procedure and requirements are stricly inspected by IMO (Institute for Market Ecology) to be ceritified by Naturland http://www.ridzalmersing.com

Problem identifications
Advantages
Disadvantages

Advantages
Healthy and tasty products
Environmental protection
Social sustainability
Valued added products
… .

Dis-advantages
Strictly farming regulations
Low yield, low income
Narrow market
Limited services for organic aquaculture (especially organic materials)
Complex procedures for implementing rules and strictly regulation

Polictical process of preparing the implementing rules for organic aquaculture

Overview of the organic regulation for aquaculture production

Tendency of organic aquaculture development
Organic aquaculture species
Organic aquaculture production and markets
Consumer behavior and outlook
Labelling of organic aquaculture products under New EC Regulations
Reseach and development

Organic aquaculture sepeceis
Today, organic aquaculture production takes place primarily in Europe, where certified organic salmon, carp, and trout are grown and sold. Certified organic mussels, Tiger shrimp, white shrimp, and tilapia also are cultured in such diverse places as Vietnam, Peru, Ecuador, Chile, New Zealand, and Israel.

Organic aquaculture sepeceis
Organic carp (carp family, perch, pike, catfish, coregonids, sturgeon). Pike, Perch, eel ar ommitted from Regulation No. 889/2008 (EC).
Salmonidae:
Freshwater : Brout trout ( Salmon trutta ), Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), American Brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ), Salmon ( Salmo sala ) – Charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ), Grayling ( Thymalus thymalus ), American Lake trout or Grey trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ), Huchen ( Hucho hucho )
Seawater : Salmon ( Salmon sala ), Brown trout ( Salmon trutta ), Rainbow trout ( Onchorhynchus mykiss ).
Tropica fish: Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), Pangasius or Siamense catfish (Pangasius spp.)
Penaeid shrimp and freshwater prawn, molluscs, seaweed

Organic aquaculture production and markets Available products from certified organic aquaculture (2007)

Organic aquaculture in 2009
240 operations in 29 differrent countries
53,500 tons ~ 230 millions Euros: 70% of organic aquaculture production is sold under an organic label
Annual growth in the next three years: 40-60%
Estimated value in 2011: 500 millions Euros
Maket growth is ocurring in limited countries (France, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom)

Number of operation wordwide in 2009 http://www.ridzalmersing.com

Consumer behaviors

Outlook of organic aquaculture (FAO) http://www.ridzalmersing.com 10 2021-2030 20 2011-2020 30 2001-2010 Annual growth (%) Period 1,200,000 By 2030 5,000 2000 Estimated organic aquaculture production (tons) Year

Labelling of organic fish products
Both the organic aquaculture implementing rules and labelling requirements in the new Organic Regulation take place in July 2010.
The labelling requirements introduce some new elements into the labelling regime:
+ Mandatory indication of organic ingredients in the ingredient list
+ Mandatory display of the EU organic logo
+ Mandatory indication of product origin
+ Mandatory display of new-EU standardised code number

Organic products – ‘’the 95 percent rules’’ http://www.ridzalmersing.com

Labelling the products with less than 95% organic ingredients
For products with less than 95% organic ingredients, the ingredient rules ( IR ) applies.

Labelling the products derived from hunting and fishing
The new organic regulation have established specific labelling requirements for products derived from hungting and fishing

Research and development
Alternative feeds, especially protein sources from grain and oilseed plants;
Culture of low-trophic aquatic species;
Disease management and use of natural and alternative medicines;
Polyculture and multi-species systems;
Self-filtering systems;
Techniques for expanded recovery of fishery by-catch and waste for use in organic systems;
Implications of using closed containment systems; environmentally sound effluent management systems;
And consumer studies related to food preferences and purchasing habits.

Speed up organic products
Organic standards for production and processing has been enacted and need to be fully implemented
Government will very soon have policy supports
NGOs, private sectors and stakeholders work together to speed up current development process

Thank you for your attention !

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Tendency Of Organic Aquaculture Development

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