Qualitative Content Analysis and Research of Translation Studies

1. THE TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN CULTURAL
ASPECTS INTO ENGLISH IN DIORAMA TEXTS
Oleh: Ridwan Arifin
LT– PPs UNJ
(A Qualitative Content Analysis in History Museum of the
National Monument Jakarta)

2. Background of the
Research
Translation plays most important role in
tourism sector
MONAS is one of the tourism objects
visited easily by foreign visitors
A lot of tourism objects in Indonesia
Especially Jakarta
It was identified a phenomenon of
mistranslated cultural words in
diorama texts. E.g.Palapa (rice
with side dishes)
Needed
further
analysis and
investigation
about
diorama texts
in History
Museum
MONAS
Foreign Visitors are interested in
Indonesian culture and history

3. Identification of the Research
• How is the translation of Indonesian cultural
aspects into English in National Monument
Museum (MONAS) Jakarta?
Formulation of the Research
1. What translation techniques are applied by the translator?
2. What ideology is applied by the translator in translating
the texts?
3. What are the non-equivalent or mistranslated Indonesian
cultural words and phrases in the target language?
4. What types of translation employed by the translator in
translating the cultural texts?
5. How frequent do the non-equivalent Indonesian cultural
words and phrases in the target language occur in the text?

4. Purpose of the Research
 Aims at analysing and investigating the target text and
examining the translation equivalence of the texts
 revealing ways of translating the Indonesian cultural
words into English and the techniques of translating the
texts are applied then
Significance of the Research
Knowing more about the techniques/ basic principles of
translating the Indonesian cultural words into target
language.
Having the approximate equivalence for the Indonesian
cultural words into target language.

5. CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Definition of Translation
by Newmark, Catford, Nida and Taber, Chesterman, Larson.
C. Kinds of Translation
Very a literal, to a literal, to modified literal, to near idiomatic, to idiomatic, and
then may even move on to be unduly free
Full, Total, Partial and Restricted Translations
B. Ideology of Translation
Foreignization and Domestication
E. Cultural Translation and Equivalence
The translator must strive for equivalence rather than the identity.
Equivalence is a very close similarity in meaning.
The translator has three basic choices: to keep the source language
(SL) culture; to convert to the target language (TL) culture; or to select
a neutral international, inter-cultural term.
D. Techniques of Translation
Transposition, modulation, description, contextual conditioning, footnote,
phonological translation, formal/ official translation, left-untranslatable
translation and cultural equivalent.

6. CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Specific Purpose of the Research
Revealing the result of translation in the target text on the subject of the
Indonesian cultural words in which equivalently translated into English
B. Setting of the Research
Place: History Museum in National Monument Jakarta
Date: June 2009
C. Method of the Research
Qualitative Content analysis
D. Focus of the Research
– focusing on the translation of Indonesian cultural aspects into English
1. What are the techniques of translation applied by the translators?
2. What kinds of translations are these whole texts?
3. What are the non-equivalent words and phrases in the texts?

7. Continued…
F. Data and Data Source
The texts in four sides of diorama texts in the History Museum of
National Monument Museum (MONAS) Jakarta. The texts are
displayed in two languages; Indonesian texts are translated into
English. The data sources are derived from the diorama texts, data of
interview, the documentation taken by a digital camera, brochures of
MONAS and the National Monument Book
E. Research Questions
1. What kinds of techniques are appropriate in the translation of
materials for tourists applied by the translator?
2. What resources were used by the translator to render some
Indonesian cultural words or phrases into target language?
3. How did the translator look up the English version for rendering
Indonesian cultural words on the purpose of translation equivalent?
4. How does this match the needs of the sector of tourism?
5. What techniques are mostly applied by the translators?
6. Are there any syntactic or paragraph changes in the target language?

8. Continued…
G. Technique of Data Collecting
– Observation: the texts documents analysis
– Interview the translator and visitors
– Documentation: having record of the text documents
H. Data Analysis:
(1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data display,
(4) data conclusion/verifying

9. Chapter IV
Research Findings
A. Techniques Applied by the Translator
Literal Translation, Description translation, Phonological translation, transposition
•Hasil budaya megalithikum yang terpenting adalah alat serpih,
dolmen, menhir, sarchopagus, kubur batu, punden berundak dan
arca.
•Its cultural remains-flakes, pebbles and bones, stone pillars and
tables, sarchopaga, stone coffins, little houses of workship and even
statues- are scattered over the whole of Indonesia.

10. Continued…
• …maka untuk membela keutuhan Negara
Majapahit dia bersumpah untuk tidak makan
palapa sebelum Nusantara dapat
dipersatukan.
• Gajah Mada, the famous Vicegerent of
Majapahit Kingdom, pledged not to eat palapa
(rice with side dishes) before Nusantara
(Indonesian archipelago) has been united
under the reign of Majapahit.
Technique:
Description Translation
or descriptive translation

11. Continued…
• Sebagai reaksi, Ki Hajar Dewantara menidirikan
perguruan Taman Siswa di Yogyakarta yang
kemudian berkembang dengan pesat sehingga
mengkhawatirkan Belanda.
• A national education institute Taman Siswa was
set up by Ki Hajar Dewantara in Yogyakarta in
order to counter-act the colonial educational
system, and therefore it was regarded a threat
to the Dutch.
Technique: Contextual conditioning

12. Continued…
• Pada tanggal 22 Agustus 1945 Panitia Persiapan
Kemerdekaan Indonesia menetapakan
pembentukan Barisan Keamanan Rakyat untuk
memelihara keamanan dan ketertibaan umum di
daerahnya masing-masing.
• The Indonesian Independence Preparatory
Committee decided to set up the organization of
People’s Security Body at its meeting on August
22, 1945.
Technique:
Transposition

13. Contiued…
• Penyerangan terhadap kapal Belanda Onrust
di Lontartur dilakukan oleh Pangeran Suropati,
saudara Pangeran Antasari.
• His brother, Prince Suropati led a successful
attack on Dutch ship Onrust.
Technique:
Cultural substances

14. Continued…
• Dalam KMB di Den Haag, pemerintah Belanda
mengakui kedaulatan di Indonesia pada
Republik Indonesia Serikat.
• The result of the Round Table Conference,
held at the Hague, Netherlands, was that…
Technique: Transcription

15. B. “Ideology” of translation in the diorama texts
• Foreignization = SL words/culture > TL words/
culture in the TL. It deals with substances or values.
• Proofs:

16. Foreignization/ Transference
• The Indonesian people who are Pancasilaists
were immediately aware that the September 30
Movement by the Indonesian Communist Party in
1965 were aimed at destroying Pancasila State
Philosophy and the 1945 State Constitution.
• Tanam Paksa = Forced Planting
• … makan palapa sebelum Nusantara dapat
dipersatukan.
• …not to eat palapa (rice with side dishes) before
Nusantara (Indonesian archipelago) has been
united …

17. Continued…
• Domestication (TL words is culturally dominant in TL Text) proofs:

18. C. The Non-Equivalent or Mistranslated Indonesian Cultural
words and Phrases in the Target Language
• Menhir = stone pillars and tables
• Dolmen = pebbles and bones
• Sarchopagus = sarchopaga

19. Continued…
• Megalithikum = neolithic
• Punden Berundak = little houses of workship
• Palapa = palapa (rice with side dishes)
• …dilakukan oleh Pangeran Suropati, saudara
Pangeran Antasari = His brother, Prince Suropati led
a successful attack on…
• Cita-cita dr. Wahidin untuk menghimpun…= The
ideals of DR. Wahidin Sudiro Husodo to…
• …keadaan kehidupan masyarakat tidak sesuai…= the
people was led by Tuanku Imam Bonjol in
• Perlawanan rakyat semesta = popular up risings in
Indonesia

20. D. Types of Translation Employed by the Translator
in Translating the Cultural Texts
• Official documents based on its register
because the example is history documents.
• This text translation is an idiomatic
translation.
• This indicates Partial Translation.
• These texts of translations are thought to be a
translation as a science and a craft.

21. E. The Frequency of the Non-Equivalent Indonesian Cultural
Words and Phrases in the Target language
• There are 26 texts out of 51 texts in the diorama
taken to be sample of the data. From 26 texts,
there are 7 texts containing non-equivalent or
mistranslation words/ phrases in the TL.
• It is implied that there are more or less 11 non-
equivalent or mistranslation words and phrases.
• It may be inferred that the non-equivalent and
mistranslation of Indonesian cultural words/
phrases in the TL are likely to tend to be frequent
or quite often made by the translator.

22. A. Techniques Applied by the Translator
1. Description Translation or descriptive translation. By Newmark
Or called Amplification by Moentaha
…pendidikan di pesantren atau … oleh guru-guru agama, kiai-kiai
atau ulama =
The Pesantrens (Muslim boarding schools) and Muslim religious
leaders represent ...
Supposed: The Pesantren (Islamic Boarding Schools)
Guru agama/ Kiai/ Ulama (religious teachers/
religious figures/ Islamic scholar)
Chapter V
Discussion of the Research Findings

23. Continued…
2. Transposition (Hoed)
Tanam Paksa = Forced Planting
supposed : Tanam Paksa = The Forced Planting
System
3. Cultural Substances (Hoed and Newmark)
Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang = Letters of
Javanese Princess.
supposed: Letters of a Javanese Princess

24. • Megalithikum = neolithic = Megalithic (context matters)
• Punden Berundak = little houses of workship = pyramidal
worshiping structures (cultural substances)
• Palapa = palapa (rice with side dishes) = fruit like coconut
(cultural substances)
• …dilakukan oleh Pangeran Suropati, saudara Pangeran Antasari
= His brother, Prince Suropati led a successful attack on…
(Context and Cultural Substances)
• Cita-cita dr. Wahidin untuk menghimpun…= The ideals of DR.
Wahidin Sudiro Husodo to… (Proper Name Matters) = dr.
Wahidin
• …keadaan kehidupan masyarakat tidak sesuai…= the people
was = were led by Tuanku Imam Bonjol in (structural matters)
• Perlawanan rakyat semesta = popular up risings in Indonesia

25. Chapter VI
Summary and Suggestions

26. A. Summary
It is generally concluded that the translator used some of the
techniques of translation as many more or less ten techniques.
They were literal translation, description translation,
phonological translation, transposition, left untranslatable,
deletion, cultural substances, modulation, transcription and
contextual conditioning.
It is also deduced that most of the texts tended to be ‘foreignisation’
translation. Besides, there were some mistranslated cultural words and
misspelling of the Indonesian words. Along with this, there were also some
incorrect English grammar and structure. At last, the translator appeared to
focus more on the words to be translated instead of the context and content
itself.

27. B. Suggestions
These had better be revised and re-labeled of the entire dioramas.
The story told in the texts should represent and synchronize the
dioramas. The history is also should be revised referring to the new
version of history of Indonesia.
The TL should also consist of the Indonesian cultural words or phrase.
It means that the Indonesian cultural words are not rendered to the
English version instead of writing the description of the terminology
of Indonesian into English.
The translator recommends the Department of Culture and Tourism
of Indonesia revising the label as immediate as possible

28. Thank you !!!