Pregnancy Hormones & Lab Values Pregnancy Hormones: Estrogen Progesterone Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Human Placental Lactogen Prolactin Oxytocin Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Oxytocin Lab Values – blood, acid-base, hepatic, renal, minerals & vitamins

Pregnancy Hormones:

Estrogen

Progesterone

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Human Placental Lactogen

Prolactin

Oxytocin

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

Oxytocin

Lab Values – blood, acid-base, hepatic, renal, minerals & vitamins

Pregnancy Hormone: Estrogen Levels rises in serum & urine - basis of test for maternal/placental/fetal well-being Uterine enlargement – probable sign of pregnancy Breast enlargement – probable sign of pregnancy; increased tingling, tenderness Genital enlargement: ↑ vascularization, hyperplasia – vaginal growth facilitates vaginal birth Softens connective tissue – results in backache & leg ache; relaxes joints to increase size of birth canal & rib cage

Levels rises in serum & urine - basis of test for maternal/placental/fetal well-being

Uterine enlargement – probable sign of pregnancy

Breast enlargement – probable sign of pregnancy; increased tingling, tenderness

Genital enlargement: ↑ vascularization, hyperplasia – vaginal growth facilitates vaginal birth

Softens connective tissue – results in backache & leg ache; relaxes joints to increase size of birth canal & rib cage

Pregnancy Hormone: Estrogen (cont.) ↓ HCl and pepsin -> digestive upsets Antagonist to insulin -> makes glucose available to fetus Anti-insulin effect challenges maternal pancreas to produce more insulin; failure of ß-cells to respond leads to gestational diabetes Supports fat deposition -> protect source of energy for fetus Sodium & water retention -> edema of lower extremities; meet ↑ plasma volume needs

↓ HCl and pepsin -> digestive upsets

Antagonist to insulin -> makes glucose available to fetus

Anti-insulin effect challenges maternal pancreas to produce more insulin; failure of ß-cells to respond leads to gestational diabetes

Supports fat deposition -> protect source of energy for fetus

Sodium & water retention -> edema of lower extremities; meet ↑ plasma volume needs

Pregnancy Hormone: Estrogen (cont.) ↑ Coagulability -> ↑ tendency to thrombosis ↑ Sedimentation rate (SR) -> SR loses diagnostic value for heart disease ↑ Vasodilation; spider nevi; palmar erythema – resolving spontaneously after birth ↑ Production of melanotropin (melanin-stimulating hormone) -> causes the following, which resolve spontaneously after birth: chloasma or facial melasma, linea nigra, striae gravidarum or stretch marks

↑ Coagulability -> ↑ tendency to thrombosis

↑ Sedimentation rate (SR) -> SR loses diagnostic value for heart disease

↑ Vasodilation; spider nevi; palmar erythema – resolving spontaneously after birth

↑ Production of melanotropin (melanin-stimulating hormone) -> causes the following, which resolve spontaneously after birth: chloasma or facial melasma, linea nigra, striae gravidarum or stretch marks

Blood Values @72°, 12-16 10-14 g/dL 12-16 g/dL Hgb( @ sea level) @72°,37-47% ↓ 32% - 42% 37% - 47% Hct (PCV) 20000–25000 w/in 10-12 d 9000 – 16000 25000 - labor 4000-11000 WBC 1600 mL 1900 mL 1600 mL RBC volume @72°, 250 400 mg/dL 250 mg/dL Fibrinogen 2400 mL 3700 mL 2400 mL Plasma volume Postpartum Pregnant Prepregnant Component

Mineral and Vitamins Slight ↓ 3.5 – 5.0 Albumin (g/dL) @ 72°, back to prepregnant level ↓ 70 – 105 Blood glucose, fasting (mg/dL) 5.5 – 7.5 6.4 – 8.3 Total Protein (g/dL) Moderate ↓ Normal Vitamin B 12 , folic acid, ascorbic acid Postpartum Pregnant Prepregnant Component

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