1. Role of Enterprise Architecture in
Obvious and Disruptive
Innovation
in Education
(With case studies from other industries)
Rajeev Arora
Head, Enterprise Architecture and Value Management
Victoria University, Melbourne
rajeev.arora@vu.edu.au
Founder and Director
SystemSmiths, Melbourne
rarora@systemsmiths.com.au
“Predicting the Play”
18-20 Nov 2013

2. Disclaimer
Views expressed here are the personal views of the author and not
necessarily of his employer.
Enterprise architecture experience in various transformation programs in
telecommunication, mining, government and education, energy and
manufacturing sectors, including applying cross-domain patterns, has been a
motivator for some of the ideas presented here.
CAUDIT EA2013 – Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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Overview
Introduction
The Education Value Chain
Overview of the Market Disruption: Drivers, News and Trends
Obvious innovation from market trends
EA Patterns of interest from other verticals
Impact on Education Enterprise Architecture
Assessing and building change readiness
Call for Action: Executives, Operational Leaders and EAs

4. Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
Importance of Education and Wi-Fi
Education is a
major contributor
Wi-Fi
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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5. Obvious and Disruptive Innovation
MOOCs ?
Source: Clayton M. Christensen: Innovator’s Dilemma
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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6. Belief: Social Nature of Education
Digital and social technologies are impacting our cognitive and emotional health
Multiplexes
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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7. Education Value Chain
Source:
Charles Sturt
University
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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Drivers for Disruptive Change
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Democratisation of knowledge and access
Contestability of markets and funding
Digital technologies will transform the way education is
delivered and accessed, and the way ‘value’ is created by
education providers
Global mobility of students and providers, resulting in more
partnerships
Integration with industry
Source: Ernest and Young: “University of the Future”, 2013

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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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10. Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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11. “The MOOC Moment”
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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12. Google partners with EdX to plan MOOC.ORG
• EdX already “working with”
Knewton, Cambridge and
Pearson Publishing, ….
• EdX positioned as Google’s
LMS, to complement Apps
offerings
• EdX leverage’s Google’s cloud
scale
• EdX grows its already rich
collaboration on content and
analytics
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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Education is one of top
three VC funding priorities

14. LMS, Content and Analytics join forces to
create new value
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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15. Learning Analytics attempts to challenge
University Brands
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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16. Value and sourcing of education
• Don’t go to college movement
• Competency based learning gets
greater value
• Many of current degree programs
will not be sustainable
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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17. Optimising the Product Unit Delivery Mix
Cost break even point
*
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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18. More innovation yet to come:
Imagine annotation for video similar to that found for audio on
SoundCloud?
Comments
Similar comments and discussion through annotation for a lecture video
can simulate an interactive lecture
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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19. What are the leading consultants saying?
• Over the next 10-15 years, the
current public university model
in Australia will prove unviable
in all but a few cases
• 3 transformation models
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•
Reducing costs through Shared
Services
• 51% of credits don't contribute to a
degree. Improve productivity
through retention and completion
Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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20. OBVIOUS INNOVATION
• Drivers for obvious innovation
• Catching up with other industries
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21. Example Drivers for Obvious Innovation
Driver
• Improved student
experience
• Flexible and cost-effective
offerings optimised for
targeted student and
employer outcomes
• Improved staff enablement,
• Improved utilisation and retargeting of the real-estate
assets
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Key Response
• Customer relationship
management (CRM)
• Agile product lifecycle
management and flexible
sourcing
• Asset utilisation
• Leveraging Gartner Nexus
(Cloud, Social, Mobile and
Big Data)
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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
Catching up with other industries
• Shared Services
• Going digital … like all other industries
• Gartner Nexus of Forces: Cloud, Mobility, Social and Big Data
• Use state of art digital, multi-channel marketing
• Fully leverage digital media, social channels
• Hyper-scale Cloud
• Infrastructure: Like all industries
• Software as a service
•
•
•
•
Education an early adopter of Google Apps
Cloud based CRM
Learning Management Systems
NEXT: Student Information Systems, “Course Markets”
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23. EA PATTERNS OF INTEREST
FROM OTHER VERTICALS
•
•
•
•
•
Manufacturing
Financial Services
Telcos
Media
Mining
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24. Patterns from Manufacturing
Key Processes
Useful Patterns
• Bill of materials
• Product design
• Product assemblies
• Alternates
• Production planning and
scheduling
• Multiple suppliers
• Planned vs. One-off production
• “Inventory” management
• Ability to produce using alternate
• Flexible sourcing
• Unit costing
• Product “targeting” for different
suppliers
• Ability to cost current and
alternate sourcing
• Global delivery within various
regulatory and market
requirements
geographies
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25. Patterns from Financial Services
Key Processes / Characteristics
• A fully digital business (product is
Useful Patterns / Implications
• Strategic role of IT
digital)
• Extensive investment in CRM to
• Target lifelong learning needs
gain lifelong custom
• Multi-channel architectures
• Deliver where the customers are
• Develop alternate go-to-market
• Rich, complex products with
varying value, cost and bundling
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approaches due to
democratisation, contestability
and changing value proposition of
education
Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
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26. Patterns from Telcos
Key Processes / Characteristics
Useful Patterns / Implications
• Fully digital industry
• Strategic role of IT
• Quick time to market
• Product as the core of all systems
• Plans and bundles
• Investment in CRM and service
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architecture, with capability to
support anticipated feature sets
• Target traditional and alternate
“customers” using creative
bundles and sourcing
• Invest in a longer term education
relationship as people live longer
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27. Patterns from the Media industry
Key Processes / Characteristics
Useful Patterns / Implications
• Digital dominates the traditional
• Strategic role of IT
• Commoditisation and crowd
• Obsolescence of some of the
sourcing of content creation
• Growth in content aggregation
and distribution
traditional suppliers
• Flexible sourcing
• Analytics, personalisation and
• Invest in understanding the
targeting
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customer and getting more value
from the relationship
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28. THREE major levels of EA value have been identified. EA delivers
business architecture value in the 2nd and 3rd levels
Integrating
business with its
strategic context
Most EA
efforts
remain
stuck
here
Integrating IT
with business
Integrating IT
Investment in
business
architecture
over time
will allow
moving to
levels 2 and 3
Sources:
1. IEEE IT Professional – 3 Schools of EA Thought
2. MSDN – Inside Architecture http://goo.gl/KKNSC
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Education business goals to which EA has the
potential to make critical contribution
• Agility
• Flexibility
• Cost optimisation

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Role of EA in an environment of
Disruptive Innovation
In an environment of disruptive innovation, a competent EA function can:
• Maintain active technology, industry and market watch
• Identify areas and patterns of disruption to advise business
• Help prevent “instant obsolescence”
• Recommend and help make strategic bets on market leadership
• Keep the enterprise informed

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Change Readiness
• An industry that has not seen significant change
• Cultural barriers
• Cost vs. value
• Hierarchical
• Working in a multi-stakeholder environment
• Viewing education enterprises as a business
• Student / customer at the centre is relatively new
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Role of EA in building Change Capability
• IT, more specifically, EA has often led systems thinking in
enterprises
• Multiple EA and strategy development exercises within an
enterprise have
• Been a good communication tool (getting everyone on the same page)
• Enabled collective problem solving and delivery
• Greater teaming with multi-stakeholder environments, allowing empathy,
negotiation and compromise
• Enabled ability to adapt and change quickly

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Change Strategies
• Incremental
• Big leap
• Managing multiple transformation programs
• Consider tactical moves in a rapidly changing market
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Call to Action: Education Executives
• Tell your management, staff and families
• Build change capabilities
• Select market positioning
• Customer segmentation
• Supply Chain
• Define change journey
• Mixing tactical with strategic
• Take market readiness and internal readiness into consideration for
sequencing
• Protect against instant obsolescence

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Call to Action: Operational Leaders
• Understand and contribute to vision
• Build change readiness
• Identify and be a change agent

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Call to Action: Enterprise IT and EA
• Lead in systems thinking
• Use waves of strategy development to grow change capability
• Build internal credibility one transformation at a time

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Summary
What we have covered :
Role and practice of EA in strategy development and
change programs
Evidence of disruptive innovation in education
Education value chains: Current and with innovation
disruptors
Including market innovation in strategy and enterprise
architecture
Ideas for planning and executing change programs; and role
of EA

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Role of EA in Obvious and Disruptive Innovation in Education
Ideas for Further Work
• Next Generation Value Chain for Education
• Inclusive of disruption
• “Business Architecture” of the Customer
• Customer-centric Enterprise Architecture
• Integrating Digital Design and Enterprise Architecture
• Digital Enterprise Architecture
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Acknowledgements
• Victoria University
• Marcus Blosch, Ph.D. VP of Research, Gartner EA Team
• My family
• My parents: Both in teaching
• My passions
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THANK YOU
• Q and A
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