Global Positioning System (GPS)

Technology Strategy and OrganisationGroup Presentation Global Positioning System (GPS) 11th March 2011
R. Craig, S. G****, R. V****,
C. A****, S. D****

Outline
Background
Chronological GPS Evolution
Technology S Curve
Multiple S Curves
Product Process Cycle
Dominant Design Model
Diffusion Curve

Background
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based Global navigation satellite system that provides location and time information.
The project was started in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation systems.
GPS was created by the US department of defence and was originally run with 24 satellites.
It became fully operational in 1994 at the cost of twelve billion US taxpayer dollars.
Freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver.
Navigation by radio as an aid has been practiced in Germany since 1907 (Telefunken)
First used as radio directional finder (RDF) between radio towers.

GPS Timeline
In 1972, the US Air Force developmental flight tests of two prototype GPS receivers In 1978 the first experimental Block-I GPS satellite was launched. In 1983, civilian airliner strayed into restricted Soviet airspace due to navigational errors
and shot , GPS made available for civilian use.February 14, 1989, the first modern Block-II satellite was launched. December 1993 the GPS achieved initial operational capability[51] January 17, 1994 a complete constellation of 24 satellites was in orbit. Full Operational Capability was declared by NAVSTAR in April 1995. In 1996, US declaring GPS to be a dual-use system (national asset). In 1998, two new civilian signals for enhanced user accuracy and reliability,
particularly with respect to aviation safety. On May 2, 2000 "Selective Availability" was discontinued In 2004, US and European Community establishing cooperation related to Garmin GPS
and Europe's planned Galileo system. November 2004, successful tests of Assisted-GPS for mobile phones.In 2005, the first modernized GPS satellite was launched and began transmitting a second civilian signal for enhanced user performance.

Technology S Curve GPS ‘System’
Product Performance
Estimated position of GPS system
Time or Engineering Effort

GPS Application S Curve GPS
Dependent Use – Children, pets, objects
Product Performance
Personal Use – Outdoors - phone
Civil Applications - Land, sea, air
BIG BROTHER
Military Applications
Time or Engineering Effort

GPS in the news

Multiple S Curves for
Accuracy
Reliability
Cost
S Curves could also be applied to other factors such as size, battery life, ease of use etc.............

Product-Process Cycle
Difficult to apply with our vision of the GPS system with product process cycle. A better application is with GPS mobile phones.
Each product would have its own product process cycle.
Product
Estimated position of GPS system
Process
Fluid
Transition
Specific
Mature

2000BC (Egypt)
1859AD
(Canada)
312 BC
(Rome)
1940AD
(Great Britain + Allies)
290BC
(Egypt)
1990AD
(US)
247BC (China)
1993AD
(US)
1730AD
(Great Britain)
1995AD
(US)
1761AD
(Great Britain)
1999AD
(US)

Diffusion Curve GPS Systems
Europe
China/India
Time

Implications of this analysis for technology strategy for these organisations and potential entrants.
Works well for a physical product evolution, but has difficulty contextually complex systems.
System was too big to handle within the set time scale, the team boundaries were too big to manage. Boundaries would need to be rationalized (reduced, simplified).
Market evolution not product specific
More questions than answers, systems understanding expanded.
In application of the dominant design model highlighted how complex the system is

Conclusions (Models)Presentation Critique for ease of use and their utility for decision making in technology strategy
S-Curve
Helps to indicate when to invest in new tech/products
Dominant Systems Model
Models too basic for multi dimensional technology convergence
Diffusion Model
Promotes understanding of current technology trajectory
Product-Process Cycle
Product specific, different applications
Abstract level, N-dimensions

Conclusions (Reflections) Presentation Critique for ease of use and their utility for decision making in technology strategy
Models used for indication only (creates discussion)
All models are wrong but some are useful
Enables visibility of technological paradigms
Epistemological evolution
Not a panacea
Group had no tacit knowledge for successful application

References
Bauer, A. “Some historical and technical aspects of radio navigation, in Germany, over the period 1907 to 1945”, 2004 http://www.xs4all.nl/~aobauer/Navigati.pdf

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Global Positioning System (GPS)

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Global Positioning System (GPS) — Presentation Transcript