The nervous system Content by Megan McDonald

CNS Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord

PNS Peripheral Nervous System Spinal Nerves Cranial Nerves

CNS PNS Afferent (Sensory) Efferent (Motor) Sense organ Somatic (voluntary) Autonomic (involuntary) Parasympathetic Sympathetic

Activity Marieb colouring book Chapter 7, Qu.2, Page 132

Marieb colouring book

Chapter 7, Qu.2, Page 132

Nervous system function Sensory – afferent Integrative – information processed Motor - efferent

Sensory – afferent

Integrative – information processed

Motor - efferent

Nervous tissue Neurons – Afferent, interneurons, efferent Neuroglia – supporting cells

Neurons – Afferent, interneurons, efferent

Neuroglia – supporting cells

Neurons Nerve cell Initiates, propagates and transmits electrical signals.

Nerve cell

Initiates, propagates and transmits electrical signals.

Neuron

Neuroglia Supporting cell of nervous system Astrocytes – metabolic, physical support; brain Oligodendrocytes – myelin forming; CNS Ependymal cells – produces CSF Microglia – repair damaged neurons; CNS Schwann cells – myelin forming; PNS

Supporting cell of nervous system

Astrocytes – metabolic, physical support; brain

Oligodendrocytes – myelin forming; CNS

Ependymal cells – produces CSF

Microglia – repair damaged neurons; CNS

Schwann cells – myelin forming; PNS

Activity 14.3 Marieb colouring book Chapter 7, Qu.7, Page 135 Chapter 7, Qu.6, Page 131

Marieb colouring book

Chapter 7, Qu.7, Page 135

Chapter 7, Qu.6, Page 131

Activity 14.4 Purple book

Purple book

Neuron function Stimulus Excitability Synapse Action potential

Stimulus

Excitability

Synapse

Action potential

Action Potential Resting state – inside cell membrane is more –ve than outside Depolarisation – inside membrane becomes +ve Repolarisation – inside membrane returns to –ve.

Resting state – inside cell membrane is more –ve than outside

Depolarisation – inside membrane becomes +ve

Repolarisation – inside membrane returns to –ve.

Synapse Neurons not connected physically Gaps between neurons Impulses pass over synapses via neurotransmitters

Neurons not connected physically

Gaps between neurons

Impulses pass over synapses via neurotransmitters

Reflex Arc Rapid action without conscious control Occurs at spinal cord level

Rapid action without conscious control

Occurs at spinal cord level

Reflex Arc Stimulus Afferent neuron Spinal cord Efferent neuron Muscle Contracts

Activity 14.5 Marieb colouring book Chapter 7, Qu.11, Page 137

Marieb colouring book

Chapter 7, Qu.11, Page 137

Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord

Brain

Spinal Cord

Cerebrum Left and right hemispheres Hemispheres joined by corpus callosum Gyri – ridges Sulci – grooves Fissures – deep grooves Lobes – regions of cerebrum Cerebral cortex – grey matter

Left and right hemispheres

Hemispheres joined by corpus callosum

Gyri – ridges

Sulci – grooves

Fissures – deep grooves

Lobes – regions of cerebrum

Cerebral cortex – grey matter

Cerebrum Frontal Lobe Personality Decision making Co-ordination of complex movements Speech (L) motor

Frontal Lobe

Personality

Decision making

Co-ordination of complex movements

Speech (L) motor

Cerebrum Parietal Lobe Sensation Proprioception Understanding of sensation Speech comprehension

Parietal Lobe

Sensation

Proprioception

Understanding of sensation

Speech comprehension

Cerebrum Occipital Lobe Vision Interpreting vision

Occipital Lobe

Vision

Interpreting vision

Cerebrum Temporal Lobe Motivation Emotion Memory Hearing

Temporal Lobe

Motivation

Emotion

Memory

Hearing

Cerebrum

Diencephalon Enclosed by cerebral hemispheres Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Pineal body Choroid plexus

Enclosed by cerebral hemispheres

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus

Pineal body

Choroid plexus

Brainstem Connects cerebrum and cerebellum to spinal cord Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata

Connects cerebrum and cerebellum to spinal cord

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla oblongata

Cerebellum “ Little brain” Posterior and inferior to cerebrum Posture and balance

“ Little brain”

Posterior and inferior to cerebrum

Posture and balance

Basal Nuclei AKA Basal ganglia Masses of neuron cell bodies Lentiform nucleus Caudate nucleus Substantia nigra

AKA Basal ganglia

Masses of neuron cell bodies

Lentiform nucleus

Caudate nucleus

Substantia nigra

Activity 14.6 Marieb colouring book Chapter 7, Qu.13, Page 138 Chapter 7, Qu.15, Page 138 Chapter 7, Qu.16, Page 139 Chapter 7, Qu.17, Page 140 Chapter 7, Qu.18, Page 141

Marieb colouring book

Chapter 7, Qu.13, Page 138

Chapter 7, Qu.15, Page 138

Chapter 7, Qu.16, Page 139

Chapter 7, Qu.17, Page 140

Chapter 7, Qu.18, Page 141

CNS Protection Bony Membranous (meninges) Cerebral Spinal Fluid Blood brain barrier

Bony

Membranous (meninges)

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Blood brain barrier

Meninges Three layers of tissue form meninges Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

Three layers of tissue form meninges

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

CSF Cerebrospinal Fluid Contained between Arachnoid and Pia maters In subarachnoid space Formed by choroid plexus Contained in ventricles Nourishment

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Contained between Arachnoid and Pia maters

In subarachnoid space

Formed by choroid plexus

Contained in ventricles

Nourishment

Activity 14.7 Purple book

Purple book

Spinal Cord Continuation of medulla oblongata 31 pairs of spinal nerves Conducts afferent and efferent signals Reflex arc

Continuation of medulla oblongata

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Conducts afferent and efferent signals

Reflex arc

PNS Peripheral Nervous System Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves

Peripheral Nervous System

Cranial Nerves

Spinal Nerves

Cranial Nerves 12 Pairs Originate in brain Pge 149

12 Pairs

Originate in brain

Pge 149

Cranial Nerves I I Olfactory II Optic III Oculomotor IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens VII Facial VIII Vestibulocochlear I Olfactory

Cranial Nerves I I Olfactory IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Accessory XII Hypoglossal

Spinal Nerves 31 Pairs 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 sacral 1 coccygeal

31 Pairs

8 cervical

12 thoracic

5 sacral

1 coccygeal

Spinal Plexus Cervical Lumbosacral Brachial Preserves (some) function in case of injury

Cervical

Lumbosacral

Brachial

Preserves (some) function in case of injury

Somatic Nervous System Conscious control Efferent impulses – to muscles Afferent impulses – from skin etc

Conscious control

Efferent impulses – to muscles

Afferent impulses – from skin etc

Autonomic Nervous System Unconscious control Sympathetic Parasympathetic

Unconscious control

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Activity 14.11 Purple book

Purple book

Homework! Muscle chart Anat family

Muscle chart

Anat family

Thank you