Support by Inter-RPO WG - NESCAUM Performed by CAPITA & Sonoma Technology, Inc F ast A erosol S ensing T ools fo r N atura l E vent T racking FASTNET Project Synopsis Haze levels should be reduced to the ‘natural conditions’ by 2064. The space, time, composition features of natural aerosols are not known This long-term project goal is to better characterize the natural haze conditions Focus is on detailed analysis of major natural events, e.g. forest fires and windblown dust FASTNET is primarily a tools development project for data access, archiving and analysis This, first year pilot project focuses on demonstrating the feasibility and utility of approach

Support by Inter-RPO WG - NESCAUM

Performed by

CAPITA & Sonoma Technology, Inc

Seasonal Average Fine Dust Concentration

Origin of Fine Dust Events over the US Gobi dust in spring Sahara in summer Fine dust events over the US are mainly from intercontinental transport

Daily Average Concentration over the US Dust is seasonal with noise Random short spikes added Sulfate is seasonal with noise Noise is by synoptic weather VIEWS Aerosol Chemistry Database

Dust is seasonal with noise

Random short spikes added

Sahara and Local Dust Apportionment: Annual and July The maximum annual Sahara dust contribution is about 1  g.m 3 In Florida, the local and Sahara dust contributions are about equal but at Big Bend, the Sahara contribution is < 25%. The Sahara and Local dust was apportioned based on their respective source profiles. In July the Sahara dust contributions are 4-8  g.m 3 Throughout the Southeast, the Sahara dust exceeds the local source contributions by w wide margin (factor of 2-4) Annual July

The maximum annual Sahara dust contribution is about 1  g.m 3

In Florida, the local and Sahara dust contributions are about equal but at Big Bend, the Sahara contribution is < 25%.

In July the Sahara dust contributions are 4-8  g.m 3

Throughout the Southeast, the Sahara dust exceeds the local source contributions by w wide margin (factor of 2-4)

Supporting Evidence: Transport Analysis Satellite data (e.g. SeaWiFS) show Sahara Dust reaching Gulf of Mexico and entering the continent. The air masses arrive to Big Bend, TX form the east (July) and from the west (April)

Seasonal Fine Aerosol Composition, E. US Upper Buffalo Smoky Mtn Everglades, FL Big Bend, TX

Sahara PM10 Events over Eastern US The highest July, Eastern US, 90 th percentile PM10 occurs over the Gulf Coast ( > 80 ug/m3) Sahara dust is the dominant contributor to peak July PM10 levels. Much previous work by Prospero, Cahill, Malm, Scanning the AIRS PM10 and IMPROVE chemical databases several regional-scale PM10 episodes over the Gulf Coast (> 80 ug/m3) that can be attributed to Sahara. June 30, 1993 July 5, 1992 June 21 1997

The highest July, Eastern US, 90 th percentile PM10 occurs over the Gulf Coast ( > 80 ug/m3)

Sahara dust is the dominant contributor to peak July PM10 levels.

MODIS Rapid Response FASTNET Event Report: 040219TexMexDust Texas-Mexico Dust Event February 19, 2004 Contributed by the FASNET Community Correspondence to R Poirot , R Husar

Satellites detect dust most storms in near real time The MODIS sensor on AQUA and Terra provides 250m resolution image s of the dust storm Visual inspection reveals the dust sources at the beginning of dust streaks. The NOAA AVHRR sensor highlights the dust by its IR sensors In the TOMS satellite image, the dust signal is conspicuously absent – too close to the ground

Surface met data from the 1200 station network documents the strong winds that cause the windblown dust and resulting low-visibility regions

High Wind Speed – Dust Spatially Correspond The spatial/temporal correspondence suggests that most visibility loss is due to locally suspended dust, rather than transported dust Alternatively, suspended dust and ‘high winds’ travel forward at the same speed Wind speed animation ; Bext animation . (material for model validation?)

The spatial/temporal correspondence suggests that most visibility loss is due to locally suspended dust, rather than transported dust

Alternatively, suspended dust and ‘high winds’ travel forward at the same speed

Wind speed animation ; Bext animation . (material for model validation?)

PM10 > 10 x PM25 During the passage of the dust cloud over El Paso, the PM10 concentration was more than 10 times higher than the PM2.5 AIRNOW PM10 and Pm25 data Schematic Link to dust modelers for faster collective learning?

AIRNOW PM10 and Pm25 data

Monte Carlo simulation of dust transport using surface winds (just a toy, 3D winds are essential!) See animation Note, how sensitive the transport direction is to the source location (according to this toy)

See animation Note, how sensitive the transport direction is to the source location (according to this toy)

VIEWS Fine Mass, Sulfate, OC, Dust, 02-07-01 OC OC Mass SO4 Dust

OC

SeaWiFS AOT – ASOS FBext, 02-07-01

Please Visit http://datafed.net

NCore Integration NOAA/NASA Satellite: Global/Continental transport Other Networks: Deposition, Ecosystems Intensive/diagnostic Field Programs Longer Term Goal: Integrated Observation-modeling Complex Similar to Meteorological Models (FDDA) Model Adjustments Through Obs. All in Near Real Time Full Model Dims (x, y, z, t, chemistry, size)

NCore Integration

NOAA/NASA Satellite: Global/Continental transport

Other Networks: Deposition, Ecosystems

Intensive/diagnostic Field Programs

Longer Term Goal:

Integrated Observation-modeling Complex

Similar to Meteorological Models (FDDA)

Model Adjustments Through Obs.

All in Near Real Time

Full Model Dims (x, y, z, t, chemistry, size)