Crusades

Religious Turfs Wars Over the Holy Land

Background
By 1050, the Muslim Empire invaded the Byzantine Empire and conquered Palestine
The Christian church called for a movement to drive the Muslims out of Palestine
For nearly 200 years, the Christians fought a series of religious wars known as the Crusades
The wars failed to regain Palestine, but established a lasting conflict between Christians and Muslims

Map of the Holy Land

Beginning of the Crusades
In the 1050’s, Muslims took over much of the Byzantine Empire, Asia Minor, and Palestine
In 1095, the Byzantine Emperor asked Pope Urban the II for help
The Pope agreed and at the council of Clermont, Urban encouraged French and German Bishops to recover Palestine, also known as the Holy Land
Christians, Muslims, and Jews all refer to Palestine as the Holy Land
Christians from all over Europe left their homes to answer the Popes call and many would never return

Routes of the Crusaders

Reasons for the Crusades
There are both religious and political reasons for the Crusades
The Pope believed the Crusades would increase his power
Christians believed all their sins would be forgiven if they participated in the Crusades
Nobles hoped to gain wealth and land
Adventurers saw this as an opportunity for travel and excitement
Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression

Christian Crusaders

Initial Christian Victory
The Christians were victorious in the first of four major Crusades
They sacked the city of Jerusalem
Muslim leaders wanted to regain this territory, which will result in additional crusades

Muslim Christian Battle

Saladin and Muslim Victory
In the late 1100’s, Saladin unified the Muslim world
Saladin began marching towards Jerusalem and the Christians were determined to stop him
Saladin forced the Christians to surrender in Jerusalem, but forbade his soldiers to kill, harm, or steal from the defeated Crusaders
Richard the Lion Hearted becomes King of England and was determined to retake Jerusalem from Saladin
During the third crusade, Richard won several battles and advanced to within a few miles of the city
He was unable however to retake the city

Saladin and Richard the Lion Hearted

The end of the Crusades
Later Crusades also resulted in Muslim victory
What had started as a religious war between Christians and Muslims had turned into a battle between rival Christian factions

Impact of the Crusades
Lasting legacy of hatred between Muslims and Christians
Increase in world trade – trade increased between Europeans and people from the east. Crusaders returned to Europe with new spices, fabrics, and perfumes. Ships that were used to carry crusaders to the Middle East during the Crusades were now used for trade
Learning – Europeans heightened their interest in Middle Eastern culture and learning
The end of feudalism in Europe as nation states start to develop and an economy based on money takes shape

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Crusades

by rhalter

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Crusades

by rhalter

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Crusades Presentation Transcript

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