The Gender Perspective on Migration, Peace and Development

Migration Land-based Sea-based Total 661,639 204,951 866,590 682,315 209,593 891,908 651,938 216,031 867,969 704,586 229,002 933,588 729,845 247,707 977,552

Land-based Sea-based Total

661,639 204,951 866,590

682,315 209,593 891,908

651,938 216,031 867,969

704,586 229,002 933,588

729,845 247,707 977,552

2006 - 1, 062, 567 About 75% are WOMEN

2006 - 1, 062, 567

About 75% are WOMEN

Deployment of Newly Hired OFWs by Skills Category Female Male 1. Professional, med 24,046 17, 212 and technology 2. Admin and managerial 289 528 3. Clerical 4, 641 3, 271 4. Sales 3, 112 2, 405 5. Service 128, 186 16, 135 6. Production 23, 344 80, 240

Deployment of Newly Hired OFWs by Skills

Category Female Male

1. Professional, med 24,046 17, 212

and technology

2. Admin and managerial 289 528

3. Clerical 4, 641 3, 271

4. Sales 3, 112 2, 405

5. Service 128, 186 16, 135

6. Production 23, 344 80, 240

Top 10 Destination Countries for Newly-Hired Land-Based Women Workers COUNTRY No.of Women Type of Work % Japan 37, 235 Entertainers 99.6% Saudi Arabia 37, 080 Domestic Wokers 25% Caretakers 12% Nurses 11% UAE 24, 064 Domestic workers 38% Taiwan 23, 698 Caregivers 48% Production workers 48% Kuwait 21, 174 Domestic workers 93% HongKong 17, 303 Domestic workers 99.89%

COUNTRY No.of Women Type of Work %

Japan 37, 235 Entertainers 99.6%

Saudi Arabia 37, 080 Domestic Wokers 25%

Caretakers 12% Nurses 11%

UAE 24, 064 Domestic workers 38%

Taiwan 23, 698 Caregivers 48%

Production workers 48%

Kuwait 21, 174 Domestic workers 93%

HongKong 17, 303 Domestic workers 99.89%

Country No.of women Type of Work % Lebanon 11, 716 Domestic workers 99% Qatar 7, 248 Domestic workers 69% Bahrain 3, 768 Domestic workers 48% Waitresses/Bartenders 48% Jordan 2, 854 Domestic workers 96%

Country No.of women Type of Work %

Lebanon 11, 716 Domestic workers 99%

Qatar 7, 248 Domestic workers 69%

Bahrain 3, 768 Domestic workers 48%

Waitresses/Bartenders 48%

Jordan 2, 854 Domestic workers 96%

Migration from Mindanao As of 2006, the total number of Mindanaoans who migrated from the region to work abroad has reached 148,115 . Of this number, eighty-six percent (86%) or 126,602 are land-based workers and fourteen percent (14%) or 21,513 are engaged in sea-based work.

Migration from Mindanao

As of 2006, the total number of Mindanaoans who migrated from the region to work abroad has reached 148,115 . Of this number, eighty-six percent (86%) or 126,602 are land-based workers and fourteen percent (14%) or 21,513 are engaged in sea-based work.

1. Region 11 43, 568 Davao South Cotabato Saranggani ARMM 33, 453 3. Region 9 22, 221

1. Region 11 43, 568

Davao

South Cotabato

Saranggani

ARMM 33, 453

3. Region 9 22, 221

Defining Development

Mindanao Produces 44% of the overall traded agricultural products Contributes 17% - 19% to the national wealth (GDP) Receives only 10% of the gross national budget

Produces 44% of the overall traded agricultural products

Contributes 17% - 19% to the national wealth (GDP)

Receives only 10% of the gross national budget

Poverty Incidence ARMM 71.3% Central Mindanao 58.1% Western Mindanao 52.2% Southern Mindanao 45.1% ARMM share of the National Budget 2006 0.79% 0.80% 0.70% Philippine Human Development Report

Poverty Incidence

ARMM 71.3%

Central Mindanao 58.1%

Western Mindanao 52.2%

Southern Mindanao 45.1%

ARMM share of the National Budget

2006 0.79%

0.80%

0.70%

Philippine Human Development Report

Life Expectancy Basilan 60 Sulu 52.8 Maguindanao 52 Tawi-Tawi 51.2 Infant Mortality Rate National ARMM 50% 63% 2003 42% 78%

Life Expectancy

Basilan 60

Sulu 52.8

Maguindanao 52

Tawi-Tawi 51.2

Infant Mortality Rate

National ARMM

50% 63%

2003 42% 78%

Maternal Mortality Rate (2005) ARMM: 320 per 100,000 LB National: 180 per 100,000 LB

Maternal Mortality Rate (2005)

ARMM: 320 per 100,000 LB

National: 180 per 100,000 LB

Out of the 1, 708 government hospitals ARMM = 14 Out of the 3, 021 government doctors ARMM = 17 1 doctor for every 35, 000 people in ARMM

Out of the 1, 708 government hospitals

ARMM = 14

Out of the 3, 021 government doctors

ARMM = 17

1 doctor for every 35, 000 people in ARMM

FINDING PEACE

Armed Conflicts Area Date Internally Displaced Families Individuals Maguindanao Jan. 09 7, 325 35, 381 Sultan Kudarat Feb. 28 741 3, 769 Panamao, Sulu Feb. 15 14, 425 105, 015 North Cotabato July 15 1, 370 6, 861 Indanan, Sulu Aug. 12 702 3, 510 TOTAL 24, 563 154, 536

Armed Conflicts

Area Date Internally Displaced

Families Individuals

Maguindanao Jan. 09 7, 325 35, 381

Sultan Kudarat Feb. 28 741 3, 769

Panamao, Sulu Feb. 15 14, 425 105, 015

North Cotabato July 15 1, 370 6, 861

Indanan, Sulu Aug. 12 702 3, 510

TOTAL 24, 563 154, 536

After the July 10, 2007 incident Death Toll Gov’t forces Non-gov’t. 50 42 Displaced Families Individulas Sulu 10,000 plus 51,000 Basilan 2,229 15,000

After the July 10, 2007 incident

Death Toll

Gov’t forces Non-gov’t.

50 42

Displaced Families Individulas

Sulu 10,000 plus 51,000

Basilan 2,229 15,000

Interfaith Dialogue Re-reading History “ General Alvarez sought the assistance of Hadji Abdulla Nuño, the well-respected and powerful Muslim leader of Taluksangay in recovering arms and ammunitions from an abandoned ship, to which the latter “ …readily and without hesitation… provided Gen. Alvarez with 100 vintas and men for the quick recovery of the much-needed cargoes .” It is also said that Nuño’s men provided the vital round the clock intelligence information to Gen. Alvarez by pretending to be fishing just some distance from Fort Pilar to monitor the troop movements of the Spaniards.”

Re-reading History

“ General Alvarez sought the assistance of Hadji Abdulla Nuño, the well-respected and powerful Muslim leader of Taluksangay in recovering arms and ammunitions from an abandoned ship, to which the latter “ …readily and without hesitation… provided Gen. Alvarez with 100 vintas and men for the quick recovery of the much-needed cargoes .” It is also said that Nuño’s men provided the vital round the clock intelligence information to Gen. Alvarez by pretending to be fishing just some distance from Fort Pilar to monitor the troop movements of the Spaniards.”

And accordingly, on that fateful day, when they finally launched their assault, “ …those under the direct command of General Alvarez, composed of Banginges from Taluksangay, played the role of sea borne forces and were cruising swiftly toward their assigned objective. ” Banginge is one of the tribes under the Moro ethnic group Sama.

And accordingly, on that fateful day, when they finally launched their assault, “ …those under the direct command of General Alvarez, composed of Banginges from Taluksangay, played the role of sea borne forces and were cruising swiftly toward their assigned objective. ” Banginge is one of the tribes under the Moro ethnic group Sama.

Understanding Islam

Proposed Revision of The Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines Polygamy “ if you fear that you will not be able to deal justly with the orphans, marry women of your choice, two, or three or four…” The verse goes on to say “If you fear that you will not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one.” – Holy Qur’an, 4:3 “ but you will never be able to deal justly between wives even if it is your ardent desire.” - Holy Qur’an,4:129

Polygamy

“ if you fear that you will not be able to deal justly with the orphans, marry women of your choice, two, or three or four…” The verse goes on to say “If you fear that you will not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one.”

– Holy Qur’an, 4:3

“ but you will never be able to deal justly between wives even if it is your ardent desire.”

- Holy Qur’an,4:129

When the Abbasid caliph Al-Mansur (d.158/775) offered to adopt al-Muwatta of Imam Malik b. Anas as the uniform law of the land, Imam Malik refused, arguing that there were many established juristic practices in different areas of the Muslim world and there was no legitimate reason to impose legal uniformity upon the various territories. “ I believe that my opinions are correct but I am cognizant of the fact that my opinions may be wrong. I also believe that the opinions of my opponents are wrong but I am cognizant of the fact that they may be correct.” –Imam Abu Hanifa

When the Abbasid caliph Al-Mansur (d.158/775) offered to adopt al-Muwatta of Imam Malik b. Anas as the uniform law of the land, Imam Malik refused, arguing that there were many established juristic practices in different areas of the Muslim world and there was no legitimate reason to impose legal uniformity upon the various territories.

“ I believe that my opinions are correct but I am cognizant of the fact that my opinions may be wrong. I also believe that the opinions of my opponents are wrong but I am cognizant of the fact that they may be correct.” –Imam Abu Hanifa

Muslims strive to discover the Divine Will but no one has the authority to lay an exclusive claim to it” – Khaled Abou El Fadl, Speaking in God’s Name Every mujtahid (a person who applies original analysis and independent judgement to legal issues) is correct. If the mujtahid is correct in his or her ijtihad (the exercise of independent or original analysis on legal issues) he or she receives two bounties, and if he or she is wrong, he or she receives one. “ There is no compulsion in religion”

Muslims strive to discover the Divine Will but no one has the authority to lay an exclusive claim to it” – Khaled Abou El Fadl, Speaking in God’s Name

Every mujtahid (a person who applies original analysis and independent judgement to legal issues) is correct. If the mujtahid is correct in his or her ijtihad (the exercise of independent or original analysis on legal issues) he or she receives two bounties, and if he or she is wrong, he or she receives one.

“ There is no compulsion in religion”

The Qur’an must be flexible enough to accommodate innumerable cultural situations because of its claims to be universally beneficial to those who believe. Therefore, to force it to have a single cultural perspective - even the cultural pespective of the original community of the Prophet - severely limits its application and contradicts the stated universal purpose of the Book itself - Amina Wadud Qur’an and Woman

The Qur’an must be flexible enough to accommodate innumerable cultural situations because of its claims to be universally beneficial to those who believe. Therefore, to force it to have a single cultural perspective - even the cultural pespective of the original community of the Prophet - severely limits its application and contradicts the stated universal purpose of the Book itself

- Amina Wadud

Qur’an and Woman