Ozgur Uckan - Knowledge, Power, Dissidence and Internet - LabourStart Conference Presentation

Knowledge, Power,Dissidence and Internet Dr. Özgür Uçkan

2008 - 2009 - 2010 - 2011 world turns faster Dr. Özgür Uçkan

world turns faster Dr. Özgür Uçkan

world turns faster • #iranelection Dr. Özgür Uçkan

world turns faster• Wikileaks#iranelection • - Collateral Murder” Dr. Özgür Uçkan

world turns faster• Wikileaks#iranelection • - Collateral Murder” • Afghan War Diary • Iraq War Logs • Cablegate Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Arab Spring”“Suddenly the Arab Spring is upon us. Courageouscitizens of autocratic societies — Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt,Yemen — take to the streets in active dissent against thepolitics of tyranny and in defense of that most seeminglyelusive of all political regimes, the right of individuals toassemble without fear of reprisals, to speak withoutdanger of imprisonment, to dissent without the terror ofviolence, to vote for a future that is distinguishable fromthe past. While the spring of 1989 marked the eclipse ofSoviet domination of Eastern and Central Europe, thespring of 2011 marks the beginning of a resurgent Arabpolitics formulated from the hard historical matter ofpoverty, unemployment, oppression, and inequality. ” Arthur Kroker Dr. Özgür Uçkan

domino effect Dr. Özgür Uçkan

domino effect• Tunisian Revolution- Ben Ali gone... Dr. Özgür Uçkan

domino effect• Tunisian Revolution- Ben Ali gone... • Algeria resurrect• Albania become unsteady• Jordanian, Unman, Syria...• Tunisia “domino” stroke to Egypt- Mubarak gone Dr. Özgür Uçkan

domino effect • Tunisian Revolution- Ben Ali gone... • Algeria resurrect • Albania become unsteady• Libya – Qaddaﬁ gone… Unman, Syria... • Jordanian,• Syria - ???• Tunisia “domino” stroke to Egypt- Mubarak gone Dr. Özgür Uçkan

los indignados, #OWS, #globalchange Dr. Özgür Uçkan

mutual learning process Dr. Özgür Uçkan

mutual learning process • A ﬁrst in relatively brief history of Internet : Dr. Özgür Uçkan

mutual learning process • A ﬁrst in relatively brief history of Internet : • Egyptian government shut down the Internet (and mobile phone services, all voice and data communication through these channels) at the night of 27 September 2011! Dr. Özgür Uçkan

mutual learning process • A ﬁrst in relatively brief history of Internet : • Egyptian government shut down the Internet (and mobile phone services, all voice and data communication through these channels) at the night of 27 September 2011! • I.e., all communications beside Satellite communication that they couldnt control… The country become a dark hole on the global network up to 2 February 2011. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

mutual learning process • A ﬁrst in relatively brief history of Internet : • Egyptian government shut down the Internet (and mobile phone services, all voice and data communication through these channels) at the night of 27 September 2011! • I.e., all communications beside Satellite communication that they couldnt control… The country become a dark hole on the global network up to 2 February 2011. • We know that an even a very brief cut in the Internet can harm seriously one countryʼs economy. In fact, OECD declared this cost near to 100 billion dollars. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

mutual learning process • A ﬁrst in relatively brief history of Internet : • Egyptian government shut down the Internet (and mobile phone services, all voice and data communication through these channels) at the night of 27 September 2011! • I.e., all communications beside Satellite communication that they couldnt control… The country become a dark hole on the global network up to 2 February 2011. • We know that an even a very brief cut in the Internet can harm seriously one countryʼs economy. In fact, OECD declared this cost near to 100 billion dollars. • Qaddafis Libya is engaging in the strategy that Mubaraks Egypt used to little effect, Dr. Özgür Uçkan

mutual learning process Dr. Özgür Uçkan

mutual learning process • Did this precaution worked? Not exactly. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

mutual learning process • Did this precaution worked? Not exactly. • Egyptians by-passed the shut-down using low tech solutions (using decentralized networks build on Internet fax bridges, ham radios, satellite phones etc.) Dr. Özgür Uçkan

mutual learning process • Did this precaution worked? Not exactly. • Egyptians by-passed the shut-down using low tech solutions (using decentralized networks build on Internet fax bridges, ham radios, satellite phones etc.) • The organizations like Telecomix, Chaos Computer Club and Anonymous empower the resistant to use untraceable encryption technologies... Dr. Özgür Uçkan

mutual learning process • Did this precaution worked? Not exactly. • Egyptians by-passed the shut-down using low tech solutions (using decentralized networks build on Internet fax bridges, ham radios, satellite phones etc.) • The organizations like Telecomix, Chaos Computer Club and Anonymous empower the resistant to use untraceable encryption technologies... • Opponent knowledge keep ﬂow through networks of people. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

mutual learning process • Did this precaution worked? Not exactly. • Egyptians by-passed the shut-down using low tech solutions (using decentralized networks build on Internet fax bridges, ham radios, satellite phones etc.) • The organizations like Telecomix, Chaos Computer Club and Anonymous empower the resistant to use untraceable encryption technologies... • Opponent knowledge keep ﬂow through networks of people. • Network theory predicated that: Communication is basic to the revolutions... Dr. Özgür Uçkan

new players in the game “little brother” and people Dr. Özgür Uçkan

spider and starﬁsh Dr. Özgür Uçkan

spider and starfish"Most of us know that a spider is a creature with eight legs coming out of acentral body. With a magnifying glass, we can see that a spider also has atiny head and eight eyes. (…) If you chop off the spiders head, it dies. Itcould maybe survive without a leg or two, and could possibly even stand tolose a couple of eyes, but it certainly couldnt survive without its head. (…)At first glance, a starfish is similar to a spider in appearance. Like the spider,the starfish appears to have a bunch of legs coming out of a central body.But thats where the similarities end. See, the starfish is Tom Nevinss kindof animal—its decentralized. With a spider, what you see is pretty muchwhat you get. A bodys a body, a heads a head, and a legs a leg. Butstarfish are very different. The starfish doesnt have a head. Its central bodyisnt even in charge. In fact, the major organs are replicated throughouteach and every arm. If you cut the starfish in half, youll be in for a surprise:the animal wont die, and pretty soon youll have two starfish to deal with. ”Ori Brafman & Rod A. Beckstrom, The Starfish And the Spider: The Unstoppable Power of LeaderlessOrganizations, Penguin, 2006, pp. 36-37 Dr. Özgür Uçkan

conquistador and apaches Dr. Özgür Uçkan

conquistador and apaches "By the 1680s, the Spanish forces seemed unstoppable. With the winds of victory at their backs, they headed north and encountered the Apaches. (…) The Spanish lost. They lost to a people who at ﬁrst seemed primitive. Unlike the Aztecs and the Incas, the Apaches hadnt put up a single pyramid, paved a single highway, or even built a town to speak of. More important for the conquistadors than pyramids or high-ways, the Apaches also had no gold. So, instead of pillaging, the Spanish tried to turn these people into Catholic farmers by forcing them to adopt an agrarian lifestyle and converting them to Christianity. Some of the Apaches did in fact take up rake and hoe, but the vast majority resisted. Not only did they resist, but they actively fought back—raiding everything in sight that was remotely Spanish. (…) "By the late seventeenth century, the Spanish had lost effective control of northern Sonora and Chihuahua to the Apaches. The Apaches had successfully wrested control of North Mexico—not that it was ever their desire to do so." This wasnt a single accidental victory, however. The Apaches continued to hold off the Spanish for another two centuries. It wasnt that the Apaches had some secret weapon that was unknown to the Incas and the Aztecs. Nor had the Spanish army lost its might. No, the Apache defeat of the Spanish was all about the way the Apaches were organized as a society. The Apaches persevered because they were decentralized."" Ori Brafman & Rod A. Beckstrom, pp. 21 -23 Dr. Özgür Uçkan

eight major principles of decentralization Dr. Özgür Uçkan

eight major principles of decentralization1. When attacked, a decentralized organization tends to become even more open and decentralized. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

eight major principles of decentralization1. When attacked, a decentralized organization tends to become even more open and decentralized.2. Its easy to mistake starﬁsh for spiders. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

eight major principles of decentralization1. When attacked, a decentralized organization tends to become even more open and decentralized.2. Its easy to mistake starﬁsh for spiders.3. An open system doesnt have central intelligence; the intelligence is spread throughout the system. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

eight major principles of decentralization1. When attacked, a decentralized organization tends to become even more open and decentralized.2. Its easy to mistake starﬁsh for spiders.3. An open system doesnt have central intelligence; the intelligence is spread throughout the system.4. Open systems can easily mutate. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

eight major principles of decentralization1. When attacked, a decentralized organization tends to become even more open and decentralized.2. Its easy to mistake starﬁsh for spiders.3. An open system doesnt have central intelligence; the intelligence is spread throughout the system.4. Open systems can easily mutate.5. The decentralized organization sneaks up on you. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

eight major principles of decentralization1. When attacked, a decentralized organization tends to become even more open and decentralized.2. Its easy to mistake starﬁsh for spiders.3. An open system doesnt have central intelligence; the intelligence is spread throughout the system.4. Open systems can easily mutate.5. The decentralized organization sneaks up on you.6. As industries become decentralized, overall proﬁts de- crease. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

eight major principles of decentralization1. When attacked, a decentralized organization tends to become even more open and decentralized.2. Its easy to mistake starﬁsh for spiders.3. An open system doesnt have central intelligence; the intelligence is spread throughout the system.4. Open systems can easily mutate.5. The decentralized organization sneaks up on you.6. As industries become decentralized, overall proﬁts de- crease.7. Put people into an open system and theyll automatically want to contribute. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

eight major principles of decentralization1. When attacked, a decentralized organization tends to become even more open and decentralized.2. Its easy to mistake starﬁsh for spiders.3. An open system doesnt have central intelligence; the intelligence is spread throughout the system.4. Open systems can easily mutate.5. The decentralized organization sneaks up on you.6. As industries become decentralized, overall proﬁts de- crease.7. Put people into an open system and theyll automatically want to contribute.8. When attacked, centralized organizations tend to become even more centralized. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

The unstoppable power of leaderless organizations Dr. Özgür Uçkan

The unstoppable power of leaderless organizations “We look for hierarchy all around us. Whether were looking at a Fortune 500 company, an army, or a community, our natural reaction is to ask, "Whos in charge? "This book is about what happens when theres no one in charge. Its about what happens when theres no hierarchy. Youd think there would be disorder, even chaos. But in many arenas, a lack of traditional leadership is giving rise to powerful groups that are turning industry and society upside down. In short, theres a revolution raging all around us. (…) Decentralization has been lying dormant for thousands of years. But the advent of the Internet has unleashed this force, knocking down traditional businesses, altering entire industries, affecting how we relate to each other, and inﬂuencing world politics. The absence of structure, leadership, and formal organization, once considered a weakness, has become a major asset. Seemingly chaotic groups have challenged and defeated established institutions. The rules of the game have changed.” Ori Brafman & Rod A. Beckstrom, pp. 11 - 13 Dr. Özgür Uçkan

T.A.Z. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

T.A.Z.“Temporary Autonomous Zone” (T.A.Z.), this breakthrough concept ofHakim Bey deﬁnes nomadic opposition zones which perambulates in thenetworks and acts in creating temporary autonomous zones. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

T.A.Z.“Temporary Autonomous Zone” (T.A.Z.), this breakthrough concept ofHakim Bey deﬁnes nomadic opposition zones which perambulates in thenetworks and acts in creating temporary autonomous zones.T.A.Z.: a rhizomatic, networked, decentralized, deterritorializedstructure, a knowledge guerilla who creates continuously temporaryautonomous zones of liberty… Dr. Özgür Uçkan

T.A.Z.“Temporary Autonomous Zone” (T.A.Z.), this breakthrough concept ofHakim Bey deﬁnes nomadic opposition zones which perambulates in thenetworks and acts in creating temporary autonomous zones.T.A.Z.: a rhizomatic, networked, decentralized, deterritorializedstructure, a knowledge guerilla who creates continuously temporaryautonomous zones of liberty…A network guerilla… Dr. Özgür Uçkan

T.A.Z.“Temporary Autonomous Zone” (T.A.Z.), this breakthrough concept ofHakim Bey deﬁnes nomadic opposition zones which perambulates in thenetworks and acts in creating temporary autonomous zones.T.A.Z.: a rhizomatic, networked, decentralized, deterritorializedstructure, a knowledge guerilla who creates continuously temporaryautonomous zones of liberty…A network guerilla…A Viet-Kong who use internet is stead of tunnels… Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother” Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• Egypt internet shut-down Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• Egypt internet shut-down• “Deep Packet Inspection” (DPI), “real time Internet tracking” Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• Egypt internet shut-down• “Deep Packet Inspection” (DPI), “real time Internet tracking”• Rumors about Egyptian or Syrian police tracking the opponents Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• Egypt internet shut-down• “Deep Packet Inspection” (DPI), “real time Internet tracking”• Rumors about Egyptian or Syrian police tracking the opponents• Decryption of advanced crypto algorithms using quantum computing and identity tracking, breaking anonymity... Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• Egypt internet shut-down• “Deep Packet Inspection” (DPI), “real time Internet tracking”• Rumors about Egyptian or Syrian police tracking the opponents• Decryption of advanced crypto algorithms using quantum computing and identity tracking, breaking anonymity...• etc... Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• “Invisible Internet Projects” - IIP: Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• “Invisible Internet Projects” - IIP: • I2P networks strengthening P2P networks with maximum security and protection of anonymity, Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• “Invisible Internet Projects” - IIP: • I2P networks strengthening P2P networks with maximum security and protection of anonymity, • Freenet, Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• “Invisible Internet Projects” - IIP: • I2P networks strengthening P2P networks with maximum security and protection of anonymity, • Freenet, • Darknet, Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• “Invisible Internet Projects” - IIP: • I2P networks strengthening P2P networks with maximum security and protection of anonymity, • Freenet, • Darknet, • Deep web, Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• “Invisible Internet Projects” - IIP: • I2P networks strengthening P2P networks with maximum security and protection of anonymity, • Freenet, • Darknet, • Deep web, • “Virtualization-data haven chaosbox”; blacthrow / ultimate chaosbox, Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• “Invisible Internet Projects” - IIP: • I2P networks strengthening P2P networks with maximum security and protection of anonymity, • Freenet, • Darknet, • Deep web, • “Virtualization-data haven chaosbox”; blacthrow / ultimate chaosbox, • Cypherspace Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• “Invisible Internet Projects” - IIP: • I2P networks strengthening P2P networks with maximum security and protection of anonymity, • Freenet, • Darknet, • Deep web, • “Virtualization-data haven chaosbox”; blacthrow / ultimate chaosbox, • Cypherspace • TOR, PGP, Shields etc... Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”Toward the "new" turn of the century, because of, especially, theInternet and the potential for decentralization it has beenhatching all the way during its deployment, two unexpectedand unsolicited new players emerged: Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”Toward the "new" turn of the century, because of, especially, theInternet and the potential for decentralization it has beenhatching all the way during its deployment, two unexpectedand unsolicited new players emerged:The anonymous, and self-proclaimed leaker (the little brotherwatching back the Big Brother); that is, the person who,somewhat more equipped than the whistleblowing role modelof the past, turns around, asymmetrically, the intelligence andsurveillance mechanisms against the authorities, and makesuse of the same dissemination platforms -which are used by theBig Brother- for purposes of some deliberate dissidence... Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”The other player is the lurker: Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”The other player is the lurker:Usually, a community platform (of the scientists /technologists -technorati) on the Net, again self-proclaimed, for promoting andfacilitating leakers to do their job, in a safe and secureenvironment; the lurker depends on dusk computing (distinctfrom malware or dark computing) which comprises varioustechnologies and communities such as chaosboxes, Tor,Freeeet, Telecomix, WeRebuild.eu, (the latter two are "agroup of agents as a method to interact with the EuropeanUnion and to direct the union towards a more open society")etc... Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”The other player is the lurker:Usually, a community platform (of the scientists /technologists -technorati) on the Net, again self-proclaimed, for promoting andfacilitating leakers to do their job, in a safe and secureenvironment; the lurker depends on dusk computing (distinctfrom malware or dark computing) which comprises varioustechnologies and communities such as chaosboxes, Tor,Freeeet, Telecomix, WeRebuild.eu, (the latter two are "agroup of agents as a method to interact with the EuropeanUnion and to direct the union towards a more open society")etc...But the ultimate player -and the star of the show- is thetransformed public (ﬂash) power! Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• Little bother use two technologies against Big Brother initially developed by him: Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• Little bother use two technologies against Big Brother initially developed by him:• Dissemination of -dissident- information. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• Little bother use two technologies against Big Brother initially developed by him:• Dissemination of -dissident- information.• Encryption technologies (This technology used normally to cover his secrets by Big Brother is used now against him in protecting anonymity) Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Big Brother” / “little brother”• Little bother use two technologies against Big Brother initially developed by him:• Dissemination of -dissident- information.• Encryption technologies (This technology used normally to cover his secrets by Big Brother is used now against him in protecting anonymity)• The unsolicited and unexpected player, the People is equipped with these technologies offered by Little Brother. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New World Order” &“New Media Order” Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“leaking journalism” Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“leaking journalism”Wikileaks slogan, “We open governments” express clearlythe goal of organization: Right to know is a fundamentalhuman right and the governments should be transparent… Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“leaking journalism”Wikileaks slogan, “We open governments” express clearlythe goal of organization: Right to know is a fundamentalhuman right and the governments should be transparent…This goal is based on Article 19 of the Universal Declarationof Human Rights: “Everyone has the right to freedom ofopinion and expression; this right includes freedom to holdopinions without interference and to seek, receive and impartinformation and ideas through any media and regardless offrontiers.” Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“leaking journalism”Wikileaks slogan, “We open governments” express clearlythe goal of organization: Right to know is a fundamentalhuman right and the governments should be transparent…This goal is based on Article 19 of the Universal Declarationof Human Rights: “Everyone has the right to freedom ofopinion and expression; this right includes freedom to holdopinions without interference and to seek, receive and impartinformation and ideas through any media and regardless offrontiers.”“Freedom of opinion and expression” constitutes also thefundaments of press freedom. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“leaking journalism”Wikileaks slogan, “We open governments” express clearlythe goal of organization: Right to know is a fundamentalhuman right and the governments should be transparent…This goal is based on Article 19 of the Universal Declarationof Human Rights: “Everyone has the right to freedom ofopinion and expression; this right includes freedom to holdopinions without interference and to seek, receive and impartinformation and ideas through any media and regardless offrontiers.”“Freedom of opinion and expression” constitutes also thefundaments of press freedom.“Leaking journalism” becomes unstoppable with the Dr. Özgür Uçkan

knowledge, power and the conscience of the people Dr. Özgür Uçkan

knowledge, power and the conscience of the people Knowledge escapes from the control of Governments. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

knowledge, power and the conscience of the people Knowledge escapes from the control of Governments. The transparency becomes more attainable. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

knowledge, power and the conscience of the people Knowledge escapes from the control of Governments. The transparency becomes more attainable. Autocratic regimes, authoritarian governments, oppressive institutions and corrupted corporations should be controlled not only by international diplomacy, freedom of information or even by regular elections, but also by something much more powerful, the Conscience of the People. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New Media Order” Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New Media Order”“New Media Order” is network-based and open,without frontiers interactive and decentralized… Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New Media Order”“New Media Order” is network-based and open,without frontiers interactive and decentralized…“It is for governments – not journalists – toguard public secrets. The job of the media isnot to protect the powerful fromembarrassment” (Simon Jenkins, The Guardian) Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New Media Order”“New Media Order” is network-based and open,without frontiers interactive and decentralized…“It is for governments – not journalists – toguard public secrets. The job of the media isnot to protect the powerful fromembarrassment” (Simon Jenkins, The Guardian)We should redeﬁne not only media, or freedomof information, but also the politics and thenation-state itself… Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New Media Order” Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New Media Order”Censorship became less and less useful as a tool of power ina period in which the communication ﬂow on thedecentralized, distributed, horizontal networks andcentralized governmental mechanisms collapse. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New Media Order”Censorship became less and less useful as a tool of power ina period in which the communication ﬂow on thedecentralized, distributed, horizontal networks andcentralized governmental mechanisms collapse.The governments follows the change behind; because theyrepresents status-quo. They are temporary. Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New Media Order”Censorship became less and less useful as a tool of power ina period in which the communication ﬂow on thedecentralized, distributed, horizontal networks andcentralized governmental mechanisms collapse.The governments follows the change behind; because theyrepresents status-quo. They are temporary.They will develop new technologies of censorship, controland oppression; we will develop new counter-technologiesof participation, transparency and privacy… Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New World Order” Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New World Order”Yes, we can say now to the Neocons, theintelligence agencies, the nation-states who areafraid of People, the oligopolies, the armies whoare not omnipotent anymore, the media industryetc.: Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New World Order”Yes, we can say now to the Neocons, theintelligence agencies, the nation-states who areafraid of People, the oligopolies, the armies whoare not omnipotent anymore, the media industryetc.:“Welcome to the New World Order”; Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“New World Order”Yes, we can say now to the Neocons, theintelligence agencies, the nation-states who areafraid of People, the oligopolies, the armies whoare not omnipotent anymore, the media industryetc.:“Welcome to the New World Order”;Just like they said to us ten years before... Dr. Özgür Uçkan

“Were from internet, we come in peace”

Ozgur Uckan - Knowledge, Power, Dissidence and Internet - LabourStart Conference Presentation

by Ozgur Uckan on Nov 20, 2011

Accessibility

Categories

Upload Details

Usage Rights

1 Embed 1

Statistics

Ozgur Uckan - Knowledge, Power, Dissidence and Internet - LabourStart Conference Presentation Presentation Transcript