J u n R e k i m o t o Sony Computer Science Laboratory Inc. Tokyo, Japan Tilting Operations for Small Screen Interfaces

Small Screen Interfaces Interaction techniques for very small devices: PDAs, Pagers, Digital cameras, ... Pen interface is not always effective: requires two hands for operation hides the screen area Any alternatives?

Interaction techniques for very small devices:

PDAs, Pagers, Digital cameras, ...

Pen interface is not always effective:

requires two hands for operation

hides the screen area

Any alternatives?

Tilting As Input Using rotations about three axes of the device as inputs Single-hand operation Holding & Manipulation Combination with the button Feasible small, solid-state gyro sensors Button X Y Z   

Using rotations about three axes of the device as inputs

Single-hand operation

Holding & Manipulation

Combination with the button

Feasible

small, solid-state gyro sensors

The Prototype System LCD Monitor 2 Buttons FASTRAK 3D Sensor (reverse side)

Example 1: Tilting Menus Press the button Rotate to select an item Release the button Item #10 is selected 20 deg Item #1 is selected The cylindrical shape of the menu makes the selected menu item larger while showing all items.

Tilting Pie-Menu The cursor is fixed at the center of the screen. The pie-Menu moves according to the display’s tilt (the menu can be larger than the screen size)

Example 2: A Map Browser Press the button Tilt to select the target point Release the button Fly toward the target Zoom in / out (while pressing the second button) Perspective view of the map to show the current & the destination points

Map Browser (cont’d) Perspective Scroll: Simultaneous panning & scaling Map Surface (1) Initial Viewpoint (5)Final Viewpoint (2)Tilt + Button Press (3) Button Release (4) Animated Movement Viewing Volumes

Perspective Scroll:

Simultaneous panning & scaling

Discussions Input precision How accurately can a user control the tilt? Depends on the quality of the visual feedback Tilting menu example: The user was able to control 2 degrees for selecting menu items. Comparison with other methods vs. Small trackballs, joysticks (e.g., NINTENDO64) Tilting: no fragile part easier to hold & manipulate by one hand

Input precision

How accurately can a user control the tilt?

Depends on the quality of the visual feedback

Tilting menu example: The user was able to control 2 degrees for selecting menu items.

Comparison with other methods

vs. Small trackballs, joysticks (e.g., NINTENDO64)

Tilting:

no fragile part

easier to hold & manipulate by one hand

Summary Tilting interface: a new interaction method for small screen devices allows single-hand operations prototype & applications Future work: more empirical study integration with other interaction techniques (e.g., tilting + marking menus)

Tilting interface:

a new interaction method for small screen devices

allows single-hand operations

prototype & applications

Future work:

more empirical study

integration with other interaction techniques (e.g., tilting + marking menus)