2. Overview
I. Psychology Defined
II. History: Timeline
a. Women in Psychology: Founding
Mothers
III. Branches of Psychology
a. Pure Branches
b. Applied Branches
4. I. Psychology Defined
• psy·chol·o·gy [sī kólləjee]
• (plural psy·chol·o·gies) noun
1. study of human mind: the scientific study of the
human mind and mental states, and of human and
animal behavior
2. characteristic mental makeup: the characteristic
temperament and associated behavior of a person or
group, or that exhibited by those engaged in an
activity
7. II. History: Timeline
• Philosopher Plato (427-347 BCE) and French
Philosopher/Mathematician Rene Descartes
(1596-1650), who were against of John Locke,
believed that some knowledge was born in
humans.
• Late 19th century- the start of the formal
Psychology as a scientific discipline.
8. II. History: Timeline
• Wilhem Wundt
-established the first experimental laboratory in
Leipzig, Germany, devoted to psychological
phenomena.
-a professor of Biology in Germany
-regarded as the “Father of Modern Psychology”
-his aim was to study the building blocks of mind
-he considered psychology to be the study of
conscious experience
10. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
In early 1900’s, many universities would not even
admit women to their graduate psychology
programs. Social prejudices hindered women’s
participation in the early development of
Psychology.
11. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
• Margaret Floy Washburn (1871-1939)
-the fist woman to receive a doctorate in
psychology and she did important work on
animal behavior.
12. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
• Leta Stetter Hollingworth (1886-1939)
-one of the first psychologist to focus on child
development and on women’s issues.
-collected data to refute the view that women’s
abilities periodically decline during parts of their
menstrual cycle.
13. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
• Mary Calkins (1863-1930)
-studied memory in the early part of the 20th
century and became the first female president of
the American Psychological Association (APA)
14. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
• Karen Horney (1885-1952)
- reads as Ka-ren Horn-eye
-focused on the social and cultural factors
behind personality
15. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
• June Etta Downey (1875-1932)
-spearheaded the study of personality traits and
became the first woman to head a psychology
department at a state university
16. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
• Anna Freud (1895-1982)
-daughter of Sigmund Freud who made notable
contributions to the treatment of abnormal
behavior.
17. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
• Mamie Phipps Clark (1917-1983)
-carried out pioneering work on how children of
color grew to recognize racial differences
20. A. Pure Branches of Psychology
• Behavioral Neuroscience
-mainly examines how the brain and nervous
system—as well as biological processes—
determine behavior
21. A. Pure Branches of Psychology
• Experimental Psychology
-studies the processes of sensing, perceiving,
learning and thinking about the world
-typically involves laboratory research in basic
areas of the discipline
22. A. Pure Branches of Psychology
• Cognitive Psychology
-focuses on higher mental processes including
thinking, memory, reasoning, problem-solving,
judging, decision-making and language
23. A. Pure Branches of Psychology
• Developmental Psychology
-studies how people grow and change from the
moment of conception through death
24. A. Pure Branches of Psychology
• Personality Psychology
-focuses on the consistency in people’s behavior
over time and the traits that differentiate one
person from another
25. A. Pure Branches of Psychology
• Cross-cultural Psychology
-investigates the similarities and differences in
psychological functioning in and across various
cultures and ethnic groups
26. A. Pure Branches of Psychology
• Social Psychology
-study of how people’s thoughts, feelings and
actions are affected by others
-includes human aggression, liking and loving,
persuasion, and conformity
27. A. Pure Branches of Psychology
• Abnormal Psychology
-study of the etiology or cause of mental,
emotional or personality disorders, or the
individual’s behavior deviates from the norms,
thus abnormal
28. A. Pure Branches of Psychology
• Evolutionary Psychology
-considers how behavior is influenced by our
genetic inheritance from our ancestors
29. A. Pure Branches of Psychology
• Behavioral Genetics
-studies the inheritance of traits related to
behavior
30. A. Pure Branches of Psychology
• Clinical Neuropsychology
-unites the areas of biopsychology and clinical
psychology, focusing on the relationship
between biological factors and psychological
factors
32. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• Health Psychology
-explores the relationship between psychological
factors and physical disorders
33. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• Clinical Psychology
-deals with the study, diagnosis and treatment of
psychological disorders
34. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• Counseling Psychology
-focuses primarily on educational, social and
career adjustment problems
35. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• Educational Psychology
-concerned with teaching and learning
processes, such as the relationship between
motivation and school performance
36. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• Environmental Psychology
-considers the relationship between people and
their physical environment
37. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• Forensic Psychology
-focuses on legal issues, such as determining
the accuracy of witness’ memories
38. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• Industrial/Organizational Psychology
-concerned with the psychology of workplace
-applies psychological principles to improve
productivity in business, industry and
government organization
39. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• School Psychology
-devoted to counseling children in elementary
and secondary schools who have academic or
emotional problems
40. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• Sports Psychology
-applies psychology to athletic activity and
exercise
41. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• Consumer Psychology
-deals with the consumer’s activities directly
involved in selecting, obtaining and using
products, services and ideas to satisfy needs
and desires, including decision processes that
precede and follow their actions
42. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• Engineering Psychology
-concerned with man and machine system that
is fitting man and machine together so that both
can function with efficiency and effectiveness
43. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• Community Psychology
-provides psychological services for unprivileged
client groups like homeless, poor and others
who have stressful conditions of life who need
help but tend not to seek it, and offers changes
for prevention from psychological disorders in
the community
44. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
• Psychology of Women
-focuses on issues such as discrimination
against women and the cause of violence
against women