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Introduction to 
PSYCHOLOGY 
Prepared by: 
Rigen V. Maalam 
La Salle University 
College of Teacher Education
Overview 
I. Psychology Defined 
II. History: Timeline 
a. Women in Psychology: Founding 
Mothers 
III. Branches of Psychology 
a. Pure Branches 
b. Applied Branches
I. Psychology Defined
I. Psychology Defined 
• psy·chol·o·gy [sī kólləjee] 
• (plural psy·chol·o·gies) noun 
1. study of human mind: the scientific study of the 
human mind and mental states, and of human and 
animal behavior 
2. characteristic mental makeup: the characteristic 
temperament and associated behavior of a person or 
group, or that exhibited by those engaged in an 
activity
I. Psychology Defined 
3. subtle manipulative behavior: subtle clever actions 
and words used to influence a person or group 
Microsoft® Encarta® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
II. History: Timeline
II. History: Timeline 
• Philosopher Plato (427-347 BCE) and French 
Philosopher/Mathematician Rene Descartes 
(1596-1650), who were against of John Locke, 
believed that some knowledge was born in 
humans. 
• Late 19th century- the start of the formal 
Psychology as a scientific discipline.
II. History: Timeline 
• Wilhem Wundt 
-established the first experimental laboratory in 
Leipzig, Germany, devoted to psychological 
phenomena. 
-a professor of Biology in Germany 
-regarded as the “Father of Modern Psychology” 
-his aim was to study the building blocks of mind 
-he considered psychology to be the study of 
conscious experience
II. Women in Psychology: 
Founding Mothers
II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers 
In early 1900’s, many universities would not even 
admit women to their graduate psychology 
programs. Social prejudices hindered women’s 
participation in the early development of 
Psychology.
II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers 
• Margaret Floy Washburn (1871-1939) 
-the fist woman to receive a doctorate in 
psychology and she did important work on 
animal behavior.
II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers 
• Leta Stetter Hollingworth (1886-1939) 
-one of the first psychologist to focus on child 
development and on women’s issues. 
-collected data to refute the view that women’s 
abilities periodically decline during parts of their 
menstrual cycle.
II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers 
• Mary Calkins (1863-1930) 
-studied memory in the early part of the 20th 
century and became the first female president of 
the American Psychological Association (APA)
II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers 
• Karen Horney (1885-1952) 
- reads as Ka-ren Horn-eye 
-focused on the social and cultural factors 
behind personality
II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers 
• June Etta Downey (1875-1932) 
-spearheaded the study of personality traits and 
became the first woman to head a psychology 
department at a state university
II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers 
• Anna Freud (1895-1982) 
-daughter of Sigmund Freud who made notable 
contributions to the treatment of abnormal 
behavior.
II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers 
• Mamie Phipps Clark (1917-1983) 
-carried out pioneering work on how children of 
color grew to recognize racial differences
III. Branches 
of Psychology
A. Pure Branches 
of Psychology
A. Pure Branches of Psychology 
• Behavioral Neuroscience 
-mainly examines how the brain and nervous 
system—as well as biological processes— 
determine behavior
A. Pure Branches of Psychology 
• Experimental Psychology 
-studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, 
learning and thinking about the world 
-typically involves laboratory research in basic 
areas of the discipline
A. Pure Branches of Psychology 
• Cognitive Psychology 
-focuses on higher mental processes including 
thinking, memory, reasoning, problem-solving, 
judging, decision-making and language
A. Pure Branches of Psychology 
• Developmental Psychology 
-studies how people grow and change from the 
moment of conception through death
A. Pure Branches of Psychology 
• Personality Psychology 
-focuses on the consistency in people’s behavior 
over time and the traits that differentiate one 
person from another
A. Pure Branches of Psychology 
• Cross-cultural Psychology 
-investigates the similarities and differences in 
psychological functioning in and across various 
cultures and ethnic groups
A. Pure Branches of Psychology 
• Social Psychology 
-study of how people’s thoughts, feelings and 
actions are affected by others 
-includes human aggression, liking and loving, 
persuasion, and conformity
A. Pure Branches of Psychology 
• Abnormal Psychology 
-study of the etiology or cause of mental, 
emotional or personality disorders, or the 
individual’s behavior deviates from the norms, 
thus abnormal
A. Pure Branches of Psychology 
• Evolutionary Psychology 
-considers how behavior is influenced by our 
genetic inheritance from our ancestors
A. Pure Branches of Psychology 
• Behavioral Genetics 
-studies the inheritance of traits related to 
behavior
A. Pure Branches of Psychology 
• Clinical Neuropsychology 
-unites the areas of biopsychology and clinical 
psychology, focusing on the relationship 
between biological factors and psychological 
factors
B. Applied Branches 
of Psychology
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• Health Psychology 
-explores the relationship between psychological 
factors and physical disorders
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• Clinical Psychology 
-deals with the study, diagnosis and treatment of 
psychological disorders
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• Counseling Psychology 
-focuses primarily on educational, social and 
career adjustment problems
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• Educational Psychology 
-concerned with teaching and learning 
processes, such as the relationship between 
motivation and school performance
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• Environmental Psychology 
-considers the relationship between people and 
their physical environment
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• Forensic Psychology 
-focuses on legal issues, such as determining 
the accuracy of witness’ memories
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• Industrial/Organizational Psychology 
-concerned with the psychology of workplace 
-applies psychological principles to improve 
productivity in business, industry and 
government organization
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• School Psychology 
-devoted to counseling children in elementary 
and secondary schools who have academic or 
emotional problems
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• Sports Psychology 
-applies psychology to athletic activity and 
exercise
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• Consumer Psychology 
-deals with the consumer’s activities directly 
involved in selecting, obtaining and using 
products, services and ideas to satisfy needs 
and desires, including decision processes that 
precede and follow their actions
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• Engineering Psychology 
-concerned with man and machine system that 
is fitting man and machine together so that both 
can function with efficiency and effectiveness
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• Community Psychology 
-provides psychological services for unprivileged 
client groups like homeless, poor and others 
who have stressful conditions of life who need 
help but tend not to seek it, and offers changes 
for prevention from psychological disorders in 
the community
B. Applied Branches of Psychology 
• Psychology of Women 
-focuses on issues such as discrimination 
against women and the cause of violence 
against women
Thank You! 

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History of Psychology

  • 1. Introduction to PSYCHOLOGY Prepared by: Rigen V. Maalam La Salle University College of Teacher Education
  • 2. Overview I. Psychology Defined II. History: Timeline a. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers III. Branches of Psychology a. Pure Branches b. Applied Branches
  • 4. I. Psychology Defined • psy·chol·o·gy [sī kólləjee] • (plural psy·chol·o·gies) noun 1. study of human mind: the scientific study of the human mind and mental states, and of human and animal behavior 2. characteristic mental makeup: the characteristic temperament and associated behavior of a person or group, or that exhibited by those engaged in an activity
  • 5. I. Psychology Defined 3. subtle manipulative behavior: subtle clever actions and words used to influence a person or group Microsoft® Encarta® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
  • 7. II. History: Timeline • Philosopher Plato (427-347 BCE) and French Philosopher/Mathematician Rene Descartes (1596-1650), who were against of John Locke, believed that some knowledge was born in humans. • Late 19th century- the start of the formal Psychology as a scientific discipline.
  • 8. II. History: Timeline • Wilhem Wundt -established the first experimental laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, devoted to psychological phenomena. -a professor of Biology in Germany -regarded as the “Father of Modern Psychology” -his aim was to study the building blocks of mind -he considered psychology to be the study of conscious experience
  • 9. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
  • 10. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers In early 1900’s, many universities would not even admit women to their graduate psychology programs. Social prejudices hindered women’s participation in the early development of Psychology.
  • 11. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers • Margaret Floy Washburn (1871-1939) -the fist woman to receive a doctorate in psychology and she did important work on animal behavior.
  • 12. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers • Leta Stetter Hollingworth (1886-1939) -one of the first psychologist to focus on child development and on women’s issues. -collected data to refute the view that women’s abilities periodically decline during parts of their menstrual cycle.
  • 13. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers • Mary Calkins (1863-1930) -studied memory in the early part of the 20th century and became the first female president of the American Psychological Association (APA)
  • 14. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers • Karen Horney (1885-1952) - reads as Ka-ren Horn-eye -focused on the social and cultural factors behind personality
  • 15. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers • June Etta Downey (1875-1932) -spearheaded the study of personality traits and became the first woman to head a psychology department at a state university
  • 16. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers • Anna Freud (1895-1982) -daughter of Sigmund Freud who made notable contributions to the treatment of abnormal behavior.
  • 17. II. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers • Mamie Phipps Clark (1917-1983) -carried out pioneering work on how children of color grew to recognize racial differences
  • 18. III. Branches of Psychology
  • 19. A. Pure Branches of Psychology
  • 20. A. Pure Branches of Psychology • Behavioral Neuroscience -mainly examines how the brain and nervous system—as well as biological processes— determine behavior
  • 21. A. Pure Branches of Psychology • Experimental Psychology -studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning and thinking about the world -typically involves laboratory research in basic areas of the discipline
  • 22. A. Pure Branches of Psychology • Cognitive Psychology -focuses on higher mental processes including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem-solving, judging, decision-making and language
  • 23. A. Pure Branches of Psychology • Developmental Psychology -studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death
  • 24. A. Pure Branches of Psychology • Personality Psychology -focuses on the consistency in people’s behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another
  • 25. A. Pure Branches of Psychology • Cross-cultural Psychology -investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups
  • 26. A. Pure Branches of Psychology • Social Psychology -study of how people’s thoughts, feelings and actions are affected by others -includes human aggression, liking and loving, persuasion, and conformity
  • 27. A. Pure Branches of Psychology • Abnormal Psychology -study of the etiology or cause of mental, emotional or personality disorders, or the individual’s behavior deviates from the norms, thus abnormal
  • 28. A. Pure Branches of Psychology • Evolutionary Psychology -considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors
  • 29. A. Pure Branches of Psychology • Behavioral Genetics -studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior
  • 30. A. Pure Branches of Psychology • Clinical Neuropsychology -unites the areas of biopsychology and clinical psychology, focusing on the relationship between biological factors and psychological factors
  • 31. B. Applied Branches of Psychology
  • 32. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • Health Psychology -explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical disorders
  • 33. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • Clinical Psychology -deals with the study, diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
  • 34. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • Counseling Psychology -focuses primarily on educational, social and career adjustment problems
  • 35. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • Educational Psychology -concerned with teaching and learning processes, such as the relationship between motivation and school performance
  • 36. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • Environmental Psychology -considers the relationship between people and their physical environment
  • 37. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • Forensic Psychology -focuses on legal issues, such as determining the accuracy of witness’ memories
  • 38. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • Industrial/Organizational Psychology -concerned with the psychology of workplace -applies psychological principles to improve productivity in business, industry and government organization
  • 39. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • School Psychology -devoted to counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems
  • 40. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • Sports Psychology -applies psychology to athletic activity and exercise
  • 41. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • Consumer Psychology -deals with the consumer’s activities directly involved in selecting, obtaining and using products, services and ideas to satisfy needs and desires, including decision processes that precede and follow their actions
  • 42. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • Engineering Psychology -concerned with man and machine system that is fitting man and machine together so that both can function with efficiency and effectiveness
  • 43. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • Community Psychology -provides psychological services for unprivileged client groups like homeless, poor and others who have stressful conditions of life who need help but tend not to seek it, and offers changes for prevention from psychological disorders in the community
  • 44. B. Applied Branches of Psychology • Psychology of Women -focuses on issues such as discrimination against women and the cause of violence against women