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German troops invade Poland




                              Benito Mussolini
                               and Adolf Hitler
Peace treaty that ended World War I
         Germany given total blame for World War I




              Germany was forced to do four things:
                      1) Dismantle most of its military
   2) Pay for most of the damages done during the war (reparations)
  3) Withdraw its military along border between F rance and Germany
4) Give up territory used to create countries of Poland and Czechoslovakia.
Unit7powerpointtheroadtoworldwarii 110829145033-phpapp01 (1)
Europe after World War I
Great War
left all
of Europe in
shambles

Great Depression
hit Europe as well

                     Instability of
                     Europe led to the
Totalitarian state: Government which attempts to control
  every aspect of the lives its people; people give blind
                  loyalty to their leaders
            European dictators of the 1930s




  Joseph Stalin      Benito Mussolini      Adolf Hitler
  Soviet Russia        Fascist Italy      Nazi Germany
Nazi rally in Nuremberg   Fascist rally in Italy



   outlawed other political parties
A Great World Leader?
            The world had a different
             view of H itler in 1937
           In the four years after H itler
            took power, unemployment
             had dropped dramatically,
             Germany was in industrial
            powerhouse, and they even
                hosted the Olympics
              H itler was even chosen
             Time
                  the Year in 1938
Nazi Germany                       Fascist Italy




               Imperialist Japan
Neutrality Act of 1935
                                    Made it illegal for U.S.
                                     businesses to sell
                                      arms to foreign
                                         countries
                                    Neutrality Act of 1937
                                      Required foreign
                                     countries to pay for
                                    U.S. goods with cash
                                    instead of credit and
                                          ship goods
                                         themselves
Leaders in Congress felt it was big business that
        drew the U.S. into World War I
H itler ignores the
Treaty of Versailles
and reoccupies the
Rhineland in 1937
    H itler and the
  Germans occupy       Rhineland
                                                              Poland

   Austria in 1938
    In 1938, H itler                         Czechoslovakia
wants Sudetenland,
                                   Austria
threatens to invade
    Czechoslovakia

 Leaders of France and Great Britain call for a meeting with
H itler meets with
                                                British Prime Minister
                                                Neville Chamberlin
                                                and F rench diplomat
                                                Edouard Daladier in
                                                Munich, Germany
                                                H itler says the
                                                Sudetenland is his
                                                last desire to complete

Neville Chamberlin , Adolf Hitler and Edouard
                  Daladier
Giving in to someone in order to avoid conflict
The British and the F rench
 were willing to give H itler
 and the Nazis whatever he
   wanted in order to keep
  from having to go to war
Chamberlain returns to London
and declares that he has secured


    Within a year, Hitler claims the rest of Czechoslovakia
Germany Invades Poland on September 1, 1939




World War II Begins!!!
BLITZKRIEG



Focused on hitting enemy quickly using airplanes, fast-­
 moving tanks and moving troops by mobile transport
THE ALLIES


 Great Britain         France




Soviet Russia      United States
The Fall of France




In 1940, Hitler turns to the West and
          conquers France
Germany conquers France




England was the only thing left standing to
keep Hitler from conquering all of Europe
Unit7powerpointtheroadtoworldwarii 110829145033-phpapp01 (1)
The Battle of Britain
                               After conquering
                              Poland and France,
                              Hitler attempted to
                             conquer the England




  The Battle of Britain was four-­month air battle
between the British RAF and the German Luftwaffe
  The British won the battle and Hitler and the
Germans gave up on their plan to invade England
Roosevelt revises the
      Neutrality Acts

Neutrality Act of 1939
 U.S. sells Great Britain
 warships in exchange
      for military bases

 Some Americans are

  assistance to Allies

 Americans who want
   the U.S. to remain
                            Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt
Staunchly believed in
       isolationism
  Firmly opposed any American
intervention or aid to the Allies

    Famous members of AFC




Herbert Hoover     Charles Lindbergh
1940 Presidential Election Electoral Votes




Roosevelt becomes FIRST (and ONLY) U.S. President to be elected
     more than twice (he is later elected to a fourth term)
Lend-­Lease Act passed in 1941
                         Allowed the U.S to
                       lend or lease arms to
                       any country that was
                        considered vital to
                         the defense of the
                           United States

                          U.S could send
                        weapons to Great
                         Britain if Britain
                       promised to return
                       or pay rent for them
                           after the war
Government
goes from a




              government
              controlled by
               the military
Japan needed more
                                 natural resources




                 Japan takes over part of Manchuria
                              in Treaty of Versailles

Military conquers rest of Manchuria in 1933
Japan takes
   control of Indo-­
     China, in 1941
    Japan wanted
 Indochina for its
    abundance of
natural resources
  U.S. places an oil
embargo on Japan
 until it withdraws
   from Indochina
December 7,
                                                           1941
                                                        Pearl Harbor is the U.S.
                                                         naval base in Hawaii
                                                          for its Pacific Fleet
                                                        21 ships damaged or sunk
                                                          188 planes destroyed
                                                        Over 2,400 killed or injured


USS Arizona on fire and sinking after Japanese attack
FDR calls December 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941




The USS Arizona, where 1,177 crewmen died after two direct hits
Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941




  A Japanese torpedo bomber takes aim at a US ship
Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941




    The USS Shaw suffers a direct hit
Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941




Planes on fire at Hickam Airfield during attack at Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941




 Japanese airplanes prepare to take off from a Japanese
                    aircraft carrier
Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941




    USS West Virginia on fire after the attack
America
on the
Home
Front
Unit7powerpointtheroadtoworldwarii 110829145033-phpapp01 (1)
War ends the Depression
                 America
              mobilizes for war
              Mobilizing: building a
              military, building war
              materials in factories,
                        etc.
              Mobilizing the economy
                created almost 19
               million new jobs and
                nearly doubled the
Mobilizing for War
    War Production Board
              Government agency
             that set priorities and
           production goals. It also
              had the authority to
            control the distribution
               of raw materials.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
 Government agency that had the
power to make loans to companies
   to help them cover the cost of
   converting to war production
War Production ramps up
                           President Roosevelt declared a
                                 national emergency and
                               ordered that U.S. factories
                           build 50,000 warplanes a year

                           Automobile companies began to
                            make trucks, jeeps, and tanks.
                             They also made rifles, mines,
                               helmets and other pieces of
                                       military equipment

Henry Ford created an assembly line to build B-­24 bombers
A segregated U.S. military
               African Americans had
               separate barracks, mess
                halls, and recreational
                        facilities

              Blacks were organized into
               their own military units

              Numerous military leaders
                   did not want blacks
              fighting in combat because
                 they did not trust them
Blacks make contributions
  Numerous African Americans
 made important contributions to
the war effort during World War I I




                                       Benjamin O. Davis
                                       F irst black to reach the
                                           rank of General
                                        Tuskegee Airmen
                                      F irst all black fighter pilot
                                       squadron in U.S. history
Navajo Code Talkers
Native Americans
    also made
 contributions to
  the war effort




                     A group known as the Navajo
                    Code Talkers were U.S. Marines
                     of Native American descent
                    who used their native language
                        as code during the war
Bracero
  Program                         Government
                             introduced program to
                               help farmers in the
                              Southwest overcome
                               the labor shortage

 Over 200,000 Mexicans
came to the United States
to help harvest fruits and
        vegetables
Contributions of women
             F irst women other
           than nurses to serve in
                the U.S. Army
Unit7powerpointtheroadtoworldwarii 110829145033-phpapp01 (1)
WOMEN in the WORKPLACE
             Because of wartime labor
          shortages, factories are forced to
          hire women to do industrial jobs
           traditionally reserved for men


            Great symbol of the campaign to
                     hire women
              Appeared on posters and in
                    newspaper ads

          Eventually 2.5 million women went
             to work in shipyards, aircraft
          factories, and other manufacturing
                         plants
Women
                             Ordinance
                           Workers (WOW)



 Their work permanently
    changed American
attitudes about women in
      the workplace
BLACKS in the WORKPLACE
                A. Philip Randolph
          F ounder of the Brotherhood
              of Sleeping Car Porters
             a major union for African
            American railroad workers

           Led first organized African
           American labor movement

            FDR issues Executive Order 8802
          Outlawed discrimination in the hiring
            of workers in defense industries

          Fair Employment Practices Commission
           First civil rights agency set up by the
            federal government since the 1870s
Shift to the Sunbelt
Sun Belt is a region of the United States generally
considered to stretch across the South and West



                                                   Many
                                                 Americans
                                                moved to the
                                                 South and
                                                West during
                                                  the war
                          The region led the way
                          in manufacturing and
                          urbanization in the U.S.
Japanese Internment
 Following Japanese
      attack on Pearl
   Harbor, American
distrust of anyone of
    Japanese decent
     grew massively



                         U.S. military rounded up 120,000 people of
                         Japanese ancestry 77,000 of which were
                        U.S. citizens and put them in places called
                         internment camps to keep watch on them
Japanese Internment
                                                 Japanese were not
                                                 allowed to live on
                                                   the west coast,
                                                  including all of
                                                     California




                        Executive Order 9066
            President Roosevelt authorized the internment
Law allowed local military to designate " military areas " as " exclusion
     zones " , from which " any or all persons may be excluded. "
Japanese Internment
                        Korematsu
                             v.
                       United States   Fred Korematsu

                                        U.S. Supreme Court
                                        case concerning the
                                       legality of internment
                                             of Japanese
                                          American citizens
                                        Supreme Court ruled
 Japanese American                      that internment was
F red Korematsu sued                     legal because it was
   saying his rights                      based on military
 were being violated                       urgency, not race
Rationing begins in America
Government rationed goods
such as sugar, butter, milk,
cheese, eggs, coffee, meat ,
gasoline and canned goods




                                      Ticket for rations of gasoline
                                 Households were given a book of
                                ration coupons each month. When
                                 they used all their coupons, they
                               could buy no more items that month.
Victory Gardens
       Americans volunteered to plant
       gardens to produce more food
       People grew their own food so
        the troops would have more
Natural resources in short supply
                 Government
               organized scrap
              drives for the war
                   effort.
               These materials
              included old tires,
               metal, paper and
                   old rags.
Invest in America: Buy War Bonds
                           To help the war
                          effort financially,
                           the government
                           asked citizens to
                            buy war bonds

                          When Americans
                            bought bonds,
                          they were loaning
                             money to the
                             government

      Americans bought nearly $50 billion worth of war bonds.
F inancial institutions bought back about $100 billion dollars worth in
                       the years following the war.
Propaganda during the war
                          Propaganda tried to sway public
                          opinion to support the war effort




Propaganda portrayed
the enemy as someone
who was a threat to you
   and your famil y
Propaganda during the war




These  posters  addressed  the  religious  differences  
    between  the  Nazis  and  many  Americans
Propaganda during the war




This  poster  reminded  Americans  of  the  atrocities  that  
   the  Japanese  had  committed  against  the  U.S.
Propaganda during the war
American

 to war
World War II
 in Europe
Supreme                                     President of the
                        Commander of                                  United States for
                       the Allied forces                             most of World War
                          in E urope;                                 I I; was elected to
                        planned Allied                               a third and fourth
                          invasion of                                    term of office
                            E urope                                     during the war
Dwight D. Eisenhower                       Franklin D. Roosevelt

    Commander of                            U.S. general during
 the U.S. Army in                              World War I I who
    E urope; led the                       played a large part in
  American forces                            the U.S. victories in
in the Battle of the                             Italy and North
        Bulge; later                          Africa; nicknamed
Chairman of Joint
     Chiefs of Staff
                         Omar Bradley                                   George S. Patton
U.S. builds up its military
 Selective Service and Training Act passed
       U.S.
  government
starts the draft
Recruits sent to
  basic training
for eight weeks
to prepare them
 for how to fight
      in war
  They learned
  how to handle
  weapons, read
  maps and dig
      ditches
European Theater
Battle of the Atlantic
 Battle of the Atlantic during
WWII pitted German U-­boats
      against Allied convoys
 By August of 1942, German
  submarines had sunk 360
      American cargo ships




                                 Because of the heavy losses,
                                   the U.S. set up a convoy
                                  system for its trade ships
                                   Cargo ships traveled in
                                 groups and were escorted
                                      by navy warships
Hitler conquers most of Europe
   World War II starts in
    1939 when Hitler
     invades Poland
                                                                                          Russia
  Hitler conquers F rance                        England
  and the Low Countries                                        Germany
   by the Spring of 1940                           France

     Hitler attempts to
                                                                Italy
   invade England but
  loses Battle of Britain
 Hitler turns his attention
 to the East and wants to
  conquer Soviet Russia
                                    The Axis powers of Germany and Italy controlled much of Europe by 1941

Before taking Poland in 1939, Hitler signs a non-­
Germany invades Russia
Operation Barbarossa
  Hitler and the Nazis
   break their peace
agreement with Russia
  and invade in 1941
 Germans move to the
 outskirts of Moscow
 and Stalingrad by the
      end of 1941




                         When the harsh Russian winter hits, the German
                         offensive stalled and the Germans were stopped
                                outside of Moscow and Stalingrad
Battle of Stalingrad
                                         First major
                                       defeat for the
                                         Germans in
                                        World War II




The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point of the
               war on the Eastern Front
Casablanca Conference
                                                         Meeting of British Prime
                                                            Minister Winston
                                                           Churchill and U.S.
                                                          President F ranklin D.
                                                           Roosevelt in1943 in
                                                              North Africa

                                                         Churchill and Roosevelt
                                                         met to discuss plans for
                                                          an Allied invasion of
                                                                 E urope

                                                          Leaders agreed that the
                                                           first step would be an
                                                              invasion of Italy
Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at Casablanca
Allies invaded Italy
U.S. General Dwight D.
Eisenhower, called Italy

        Europe.
The invasion began in
    July of 1943.
The defeat of the Germans

to arrest Benito Mussolini
and begin negotiating for
Operation Overlord
                      The Allied Invasion of Europe


 General Dwight D.
Eisenhower was the
chosen to command
 the invasion force


Free Europe from
 German control
Make the Germans
 have to fight the
war on two fronts
D-­Day
 June 6, 1944
    The Allied
invasion of Europe
Landings occurred
 on the beaches of
Normandy, France

                     Allies land at five beaches, nicknamed:
 Normandy
            FRANCE    UTAH OMAHA GOLD
                         JUNO SWORD
D-­Day
                 June 6, 1944
     The Allied invasion of Europe




Allies sent in hundreds of ships and thousands
     of men in first three days of the attack

  The invasion was successful and the
        Western Front was born
Unit7powerpointtheroadtoworldwarii 110829145033-phpapp01 (1)
Battle of
                                              the Bulge
                                              Last major offensive of
                                              World War I I by H itler
                                             and the Germans in the
                                             Ardennes F orest in 1944



H itler uses his best forces to attack the
Allies in an effort to reach a stalemate

Allied lines in an attempt to break
 through, but were turned back
Fall of the Third Reich
                                         F ollowing the
                                       Battle of the Bulge,
American forces                          Germany had
 were pouring                          nothing left to stop
                                        the Allied forces
Western border
                                         Russian troops
                                       from the E ast were
                                        entering Berlin in
                                           April, 1945
    In April, 1945, Adolf Hitler and his top commanders
                      committed suicide
V-­E Day
Victory in Europe
      Day
 On May 7, 1945,
  the Germans
  surrendered
World War I I in
E urope was over
 U.S. focus shifted
  to Japan in the
  Pacific Theater
The Holocaust
The Holocaust
    After the war, the world
 discovered that during the
war the Germans had mass
murdered millions of Jews




                                This attempted genocide
                                of the Jewish race when
                               over 6 millions Jews were
                                killed became known as
                                      the Holocaust
The Holocaust
The Holocaust
The Holocaust
Coming up next:
          The War
            in the
           Pacific
AMERICA
 in the
PACIFIC
Gen. Douglas MacArthur   Adm. Chester Nimitz    Harry S. Truman
Commander of the          Commander-in-         U.S. President at
 U.S. Army in the           Chief of the        the conclusion of
 Pacific Theater;          United States       the war; made the
                         Naval F leet in the     decision to drop
  surrender on             Pacific during       the atomic bomb
September 1, 1945          World War I I            on Japan
Pacific Theater
Japanese Co-­Prosperity Sphere
                                                Great Asia under the slogan

                                                       colonizers were to be
                                                expelled and Japan become


                                                Japan conquered China and
                                               Indo-




   Extent  of  the  Japanese  Empire  (1942)        Japanese  Rising  Sun  flag
Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941




 USS Arizona on fire during attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941
American air raid on Japanese
capital of Tokyo in April of 1942
Raid was planned and led by Lt.
 Col. James "Jimmy" Doolittle
 B-­25 bombers were launched
   from a U.S. aircraft carrier




                                                        Impact of Doolittle Raid
                                                        Gave a massive boost to the
                                                             American morale
                                                   It showed the Japanese that the U.S.
                                                     had the capability to attack their
 James Doolittle (second from left) and his crew
                                                           mainland at anytime
Philippines falls to Japan
                        Four months after its
                       attack on Pearl Harbor,
                       the Japanese complete
                         the conquest of the
                             Philippines




 Before evacuating his command center in the
  Philippines, American commander Douglas
The Bataan Death March
   The Japanese captured
 75,000 Allied soldiers after
its victory in the Philippines




                  The Japanese marched those that
                       surrendered 60 miles with no
                   food or water. Over 6,000 died or
                      were executed on the march.
Following its attack
   on Pearl Harbor,
Japan was planning
  an invasion of the
 U.S.; needed island
of Midway for a base

 U.S. broke Japanese
code and knew about
  the plan to attack
Midway; U.S. leaders
       set a trap
Battle of Midway
Battle was the
turning point
 of the War in
  the Pacific




                 Japan was on the defensive for
                    the remainder of the war
F ollowing the U.S. victory at the
 Battle of Midway, the tide of the
        War in the Pacific turned
   U.S. went on the offensive and
   began taking back islands that
Japan had conquered before 1942




                                        Chang Kai-­Shek, FDR, Winston Churchill

                                         U.S. re-captured strategic
                                       islands and by-passed others,
                                      leaving Japanese troops cut off
                                        This strategy was called
MacArthur returns to the Philippines
  One of the key U.S.


retaking the Philippines

    To take back the
 Philippines, the United
  States put together a
  huge invasion force
   In March of 1945,
    American troops
 finally recaptured the
 capital city of Manila

        As he had promised nearly three years before, U.S.
          Commander Douglas Macarthur had returned
Japanese use kamikazes
F ollowing the Battle of Midway,
      Japan was on the defensive

     The Japanese began using
      an attack tactic known as




                                                              A  Japanese  kamikaze  about  to  hit  the  USS  Missouri

                                                               Kamikaze was the Japanese

                                                                      was a suicide attack.
                                                                In a kamikaze attack, a
                                                              Japanese pilot would crash
        A  kamikaze  attack  hits  the  USS  Essex in  1944    his plane into a U.S. ship
War in Pacific intensifies
As Americans move closer
 to Japanese mainland,
   each island becomes
     tougher to take                          U.S. Marines raise flag atop
                                               Mt. Suribachi on Iwo Jima

Japanese soldiers fight
to the death and refuse
      to surrender




 Thousands of U.S. soldiers die taking islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Manhattan Project


                                                                               Albert Einstein

                                                                      Albert E instein wrote a
                                                                       letter to F DR warning
                                                                          him of the type of
                                                                      destruction splitting the
                                                                           atom could have
Robert Oppenheimer, left, was the director of the Manhattan Project     Research convinced
     The project to develop the first                                 F DR to begin a program
     nuclear weapon (atomic bomb)                                     to build an atomic bomb
Decision to drop the bomb
Person making the decision to use the atomic
   bomb is U.S. President Harry Truman
 Truman became president after F DR dies
    of a brain hemorrhage in early 1945


                                                                              Harry S. Truman
                                                                           Reasons Truman
                                                                            decides to use A-
                                                                          bomb: 1) Japanese
                                                                         soldiers were fighting
                                                                         to the death 2) Japan
                                                                          would not surrender
  Truman talks over plan to drop atomic bomb with his Secretary of War
Atomic bomb dropped on Japan
                F irst atomic bomb was dropped on
               H iroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945



               Three days later, another bomb was
              dropped on Japanese city of Nagasaki
            (left) A mushroom cloud
            rises above Hiroshima after
            the bomb exploded (below)
                             the atomic
            bomb that was dropped on
            Hiroshima (right) Enola Gay
            and its pilot Paul Tibbits.
Aftermath of atomic bomb
Aftermath of atomic bomb
V-­J Day: Victory over Japan

                   The dropping of the
                    atomic bombs on
                     H iroshima and
                   Nagasaki led to the
                     unconditional
                   surrender of Japan
                   on August 15, 1945

   The war is over!!
The war is over!!
                       World War II officially
                       came to and end on
                        September 2, 1945




Gen. Macarthur oversees the Japanese surrender
           aboard the USS Missouri
Aftermath of World War II
There were four main results of World War II on the world
                             An estimated 60-80 million people
                            were killed during the war, over half
                                  of which were civilians



  The United States and Soviet Russia




                           E urope was split in half between the
                         Democratic West and the Communist E ast
Unit7powerpointtheroadtoworldwarii 110829145033-phpapp01 (1)
Creation of United Nations
                             A last result of World
                            War II was the creation
                            of a new world peace-­
                            keeping organization
                              the United Nations




 The UN was founded to
     stop wars between
nations, and to provide a
  platform for nations to
     discuss differences
Coming up in Unit 8
The
Cold    Democracy vs. Communism

War

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Unit7powerpointtheroadtoworldwarii 110829145033-phpapp01 (1)

  • 1. German troops invade Poland Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler
  • 2. Peace treaty that ended World War I Germany given total blame for World War I Germany was forced to do four things: 1) Dismantle most of its military 2) Pay for most of the damages done during the war (reparations) 3) Withdraw its military along border between F rance and Germany 4) Give up territory used to create countries of Poland and Czechoslovakia.
  • 4. Europe after World War I Great War left all of Europe in shambles Great Depression hit Europe as well Instability of Europe led to the
  • 5. Totalitarian state: Government which attempts to control every aspect of the lives its people; people give blind loyalty to their leaders European dictators of the 1930s Joseph Stalin Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler Soviet Russia Fascist Italy Nazi Germany
  • 6. Nazi rally in Nuremberg Fascist rally in Italy outlawed other political parties
  • 7. A Great World Leader? The world had a different view of H itler in 1937 In the four years after H itler took power, unemployment had dropped dramatically, Germany was in industrial powerhouse, and they even hosted the Olympics H itler was even chosen Time the Year in 1938
  • 8. Nazi Germany Fascist Italy Imperialist Japan
  • 9. Neutrality Act of 1935 Made it illegal for U.S. businesses to sell arms to foreign countries Neutrality Act of 1937 Required foreign countries to pay for U.S. goods with cash instead of credit and ship goods themselves Leaders in Congress felt it was big business that drew the U.S. into World War I
  • 10. H itler ignores the Treaty of Versailles and reoccupies the Rhineland in 1937 H itler and the Germans occupy Rhineland Poland Austria in 1938 In 1938, H itler Czechoslovakia wants Sudetenland, Austria threatens to invade Czechoslovakia Leaders of France and Great Britain call for a meeting with
  • 11. H itler meets with British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin and F rench diplomat Edouard Daladier in Munich, Germany H itler says the Sudetenland is his last desire to complete Neville Chamberlin , Adolf Hitler and Edouard Daladier
  • 12. Giving in to someone in order to avoid conflict The British and the F rench were willing to give H itler and the Nazis whatever he wanted in order to keep from having to go to war Chamberlain returns to London and declares that he has secured Within a year, Hitler claims the rest of Czechoslovakia
  • 13. Germany Invades Poland on September 1, 1939 World War II Begins!!!
  • 14. BLITZKRIEG Focused on hitting enemy quickly using airplanes, fast-­ moving tanks and moving troops by mobile transport
  • 15. THE ALLIES Great Britain France Soviet Russia United States
  • 16. The Fall of France In 1940, Hitler turns to the West and conquers France
  • 17. Germany conquers France England was the only thing left standing to keep Hitler from conquering all of Europe
  • 19. The Battle of Britain After conquering Poland and France, Hitler attempted to conquer the England The Battle of Britain was four-­month air battle between the British RAF and the German Luftwaffe The British won the battle and Hitler and the Germans gave up on their plan to invade England
  • 20. Roosevelt revises the Neutrality Acts Neutrality Act of 1939 U.S. sells Great Britain warships in exchange for military bases Some Americans are assistance to Allies Americans who want the U.S. to remain Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt
  • 21. Staunchly believed in isolationism Firmly opposed any American intervention or aid to the Allies Famous members of AFC Herbert Hoover Charles Lindbergh
  • 22. 1940 Presidential Election Electoral Votes Roosevelt becomes FIRST (and ONLY) U.S. President to be elected more than twice (he is later elected to a fourth term)
  • 23. Lend-­Lease Act passed in 1941 Allowed the U.S to lend or lease arms to any country that was considered vital to the defense of the United States U.S could send weapons to Great Britain if Britain promised to return or pay rent for them after the war
  • 24. Government goes from a government controlled by the military
  • 25. Japan needed more natural resources Japan takes over part of Manchuria in Treaty of Versailles Military conquers rest of Manchuria in 1933
  • 26. Japan takes control of Indo-­ China, in 1941 Japan wanted Indochina for its abundance of natural resources U.S. places an oil embargo on Japan until it withdraws from Indochina
  • 27. December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor is the U.S. naval base in Hawaii for its Pacific Fleet 21 ships damaged or sunk 188 planes destroyed Over 2,400 killed or injured USS Arizona on fire and sinking after Japanese attack
  • 29. Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941 The USS Arizona, where 1,177 crewmen died after two direct hits
  • 30. Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941 A Japanese torpedo bomber takes aim at a US ship
  • 31. Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941 The USS Shaw suffers a direct hit
  • 32. Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941 Planes on fire at Hickam Airfield during attack at Pearl Harbor
  • 34. Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941 Japanese airplanes prepare to take off from a Japanese aircraft carrier
  • 35. Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941 USS West Virginia on fire after the attack
  • 38. War ends the Depression America mobilizes for war Mobilizing: building a military, building war materials in factories, etc. Mobilizing the economy created almost 19 million new jobs and nearly doubled the
  • 39. Mobilizing for War War Production Board Government agency that set priorities and production goals. It also had the authority to control the distribution of raw materials. Reconstruction Finance Corporation Government agency that had the power to make loans to companies to help them cover the cost of converting to war production
  • 40. War Production ramps up President Roosevelt declared a national emergency and ordered that U.S. factories build 50,000 warplanes a year Automobile companies began to make trucks, jeeps, and tanks. They also made rifles, mines, helmets and other pieces of military equipment Henry Ford created an assembly line to build B-­24 bombers
  • 41. A segregated U.S. military African Americans had separate barracks, mess halls, and recreational facilities Blacks were organized into their own military units Numerous military leaders did not want blacks fighting in combat because they did not trust them
  • 42. Blacks make contributions Numerous African Americans made important contributions to the war effort during World War I I Benjamin O. Davis F irst black to reach the rank of General Tuskegee Airmen F irst all black fighter pilot squadron in U.S. history
  • 43. Navajo Code Talkers Native Americans also made contributions to the war effort A group known as the Navajo Code Talkers were U.S. Marines of Native American descent who used their native language as code during the war
  • 44. Bracero Program Government introduced program to help farmers in the Southwest overcome the labor shortage Over 200,000 Mexicans came to the United States to help harvest fruits and vegetables
  • 45. Contributions of women F irst women other than nurses to serve in the U.S. Army
  • 47. WOMEN in the WORKPLACE Because of wartime labor shortages, factories are forced to hire women to do industrial jobs traditionally reserved for men Great symbol of the campaign to hire women Appeared on posters and in newspaper ads Eventually 2.5 million women went to work in shipyards, aircraft factories, and other manufacturing plants
  • 48. Women Ordinance Workers (WOW) Their work permanently changed American attitudes about women in the workplace
  • 49. BLACKS in the WORKPLACE A. Philip Randolph F ounder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters a major union for African American railroad workers Led first organized African American labor movement FDR issues Executive Order 8802 Outlawed discrimination in the hiring of workers in defense industries Fair Employment Practices Commission First civil rights agency set up by the federal government since the 1870s
  • 50. Shift to the Sunbelt Sun Belt is a region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the South and West Many Americans moved to the South and West during the war The region led the way in manufacturing and urbanization in the U.S.
  • 51. Japanese Internment Following Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, American distrust of anyone of Japanese decent grew massively U.S. military rounded up 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry 77,000 of which were U.S. citizens and put them in places called internment camps to keep watch on them
  • 52. Japanese Internment Japanese were not allowed to live on the west coast, including all of California Executive Order 9066 President Roosevelt authorized the internment Law allowed local military to designate " military areas " as " exclusion zones " , from which " any or all persons may be excluded. "
  • 53. Japanese Internment Korematsu v. United States Fred Korematsu U.S. Supreme Court case concerning the legality of internment of Japanese American citizens Supreme Court ruled Japanese American that internment was F red Korematsu sued legal because it was saying his rights based on military were being violated urgency, not race
  • 54. Rationing begins in America Government rationed goods such as sugar, butter, milk, cheese, eggs, coffee, meat , gasoline and canned goods Ticket for rations of gasoline Households were given a book of ration coupons each month. When they used all their coupons, they could buy no more items that month.
  • 55. Victory Gardens Americans volunteered to plant gardens to produce more food People grew their own food so the troops would have more
  • 56. Natural resources in short supply Government organized scrap drives for the war effort. These materials included old tires, metal, paper and old rags.
  • 57. Invest in America: Buy War Bonds To help the war effort financially, the government asked citizens to buy war bonds When Americans bought bonds, they were loaning money to the government Americans bought nearly $50 billion worth of war bonds. F inancial institutions bought back about $100 billion dollars worth in the years following the war.
  • 58. Propaganda during the war Propaganda tried to sway public opinion to support the war effort Propaganda portrayed the enemy as someone who was a threat to you and your famil y
  • 59. Propaganda during the war These  posters  addressed  the  religious  differences   between  the  Nazis  and  many  Americans
  • 60. Propaganda during the war This  poster  reminded  Americans  of  the  atrocities  that   the  Japanese  had  committed  against  the  U.S.
  • 63. World War II in Europe
  • 64. Supreme President of the Commander of United States for the Allied forces most of World War in E urope; I I; was elected to planned Allied a third and fourth invasion of term of office E urope during the war Dwight D. Eisenhower Franklin D. Roosevelt Commander of U.S. general during the U.S. Army in World War I I who E urope; led the played a large part in American forces the U.S. victories in in the Battle of the Italy and North Bulge; later Africa; nicknamed Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Omar Bradley George S. Patton
  • 65. U.S. builds up its military Selective Service and Training Act passed U.S. government starts the draft Recruits sent to basic training for eight weeks to prepare them for how to fight in war They learned how to handle weapons, read maps and dig ditches
  • 67. Battle of the Atlantic Battle of the Atlantic during WWII pitted German U-­boats against Allied convoys By August of 1942, German submarines had sunk 360 American cargo ships Because of the heavy losses, the U.S. set up a convoy system for its trade ships Cargo ships traveled in groups and were escorted by navy warships
  • 68. Hitler conquers most of Europe World War II starts in 1939 when Hitler invades Poland Russia Hitler conquers F rance England and the Low Countries Germany by the Spring of 1940 France Hitler attempts to Italy invade England but loses Battle of Britain Hitler turns his attention to the East and wants to conquer Soviet Russia The Axis powers of Germany and Italy controlled much of Europe by 1941 Before taking Poland in 1939, Hitler signs a non-­
  • 69. Germany invades Russia Operation Barbarossa Hitler and the Nazis break their peace agreement with Russia and invade in 1941 Germans move to the outskirts of Moscow and Stalingrad by the end of 1941 When the harsh Russian winter hits, the German offensive stalled and the Germans were stopped outside of Moscow and Stalingrad
  • 70. Battle of Stalingrad First major defeat for the Germans in World War II The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point of the war on the Eastern Front
  • 71. Casablanca Conference Meeting of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President F ranklin D. Roosevelt in1943 in North Africa Churchill and Roosevelt met to discuss plans for an Allied invasion of E urope Leaders agreed that the first step would be an invasion of Italy Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at Casablanca
  • 72. Allies invaded Italy U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, called Italy Europe. The invasion began in July of 1943. The defeat of the Germans to arrest Benito Mussolini and begin negotiating for
  • 73. Operation Overlord The Allied Invasion of Europe General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the chosen to command the invasion force Free Europe from German control Make the Germans have to fight the war on two fronts
  • 74. D-­Day June 6, 1944 The Allied invasion of Europe Landings occurred on the beaches of Normandy, France Allies land at five beaches, nicknamed: Normandy FRANCE UTAH OMAHA GOLD JUNO SWORD
  • 75. D-­Day June 6, 1944 The Allied invasion of Europe Allies sent in hundreds of ships and thousands of men in first three days of the attack The invasion was successful and the Western Front was born
  • 77. Battle of the Bulge Last major offensive of World War I I by H itler and the Germans in the Ardennes F orest in 1944 H itler uses his best forces to attack the Allies in an effort to reach a stalemate Allied lines in an attempt to break through, but were turned back
  • 78. Fall of the Third Reich F ollowing the Battle of the Bulge, American forces Germany had were pouring nothing left to stop the Allied forces Western border Russian troops from the E ast were entering Berlin in April, 1945 In April, 1945, Adolf Hitler and his top commanders committed suicide
  • 79. V-­E Day Victory in Europe Day On May 7, 1945, the Germans surrendered World War I I in E urope was over U.S. focus shifted to Japan in the Pacific Theater
  • 81. The Holocaust After the war, the world discovered that during the war the Germans had mass murdered millions of Jews This attempted genocide of the Jewish race when over 6 millions Jews were killed became known as the Holocaust
  • 85. Coming up next: The War in the Pacific
  • 87. Gen. Douglas MacArthur Adm. Chester Nimitz Harry S. Truman Commander of the Commander-in- U.S. President at U.S. Army in the Chief of the the conclusion of Pacific Theater; United States the war; made the Naval F leet in the decision to drop surrender on Pacific during the atomic bomb September 1, 1945 World War I I on Japan
  • 89. Japanese Co-­Prosperity Sphere Great Asia under the slogan colonizers were to be expelled and Japan become Japan conquered China and Indo- Extent  of  the  Japanese  Empire  (1942) Japanese  Rising  Sun  flag
  • 90. Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941 USS Arizona on fire during attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941
  • 91. American air raid on Japanese capital of Tokyo in April of 1942 Raid was planned and led by Lt. Col. James "Jimmy" Doolittle B-­25 bombers were launched from a U.S. aircraft carrier Impact of Doolittle Raid Gave a massive boost to the American morale It showed the Japanese that the U.S. had the capability to attack their James Doolittle (second from left) and his crew mainland at anytime
  • 92. Philippines falls to Japan Four months after its attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese complete the conquest of the Philippines Before evacuating his command center in the Philippines, American commander Douglas
  • 93. The Bataan Death March The Japanese captured 75,000 Allied soldiers after its victory in the Philippines The Japanese marched those that surrendered 60 miles with no food or water. Over 6,000 died or were executed on the march.
  • 94. Following its attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan was planning an invasion of the U.S.; needed island of Midway for a base U.S. broke Japanese code and knew about the plan to attack Midway; U.S. leaders set a trap
  • 95. Battle of Midway Battle was the turning point of the War in the Pacific Japan was on the defensive for the remainder of the war
  • 96. F ollowing the U.S. victory at the Battle of Midway, the tide of the War in the Pacific turned U.S. went on the offensive and began taking back islands that Japan had conquered before 1942 Chang Kai-­Shek, FDR, Winston Churchill U.S. re-captured strategic islands and by-passed others, leaving Japanese troops cut off This strategy was called
  • 97. MacArthur returns to the Philippines One of the key U.S. retaking the Philippines To take back the Philippines, the United States put together a huge invasion force In March of 1945, American troops finally recaptured the capital city of Manila As he had promised nearly three years before, U.S. Commander Douglas Macarthur had returned
  • 98. Japanese use kamikazes F ollowing the Battle of Midway, Japan was on the defensive The Japanese began using an attack tactic known as A  Japanese  kamikaze  about  to  hit  the  USS  Missouri Kamikaze was the Japanese was a suicide attack. In a kamikaze attack, a Japanese pilot would crash A  kamikaze  attack  hits  the  USS  Essex in  1944 his plane into a U.S. ship
  • 99. War in Pacific intensifies As Americans move closer to Japanese mainland, each island becomes tougher to take U.S. Marines raise flag atop Mt. Suribachi on Iwo Jima Japanese soldiers fight to the death and refuse to surrender Thousands of U.S. soldiers die taking islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
  • 100. Manhattan Project Albert Einstein Albert E instein wrote a letter to F DR warning him of the type of destruction splitting the atom could have Robert Oppenheimer, left, was the director of the Manhattan Project Research convinced The project to develop the first F DR to begin a program nuclear weapon (atomic bomb) to build an atomic bomb
  • 101. Decision to drop the bomb Person making the decision to use the atomic bomb is U.S. President Harry Truman Truman became president after F DR dies of a brain hemorrhage in early 1945 Harry S. Truman Reasons Truman decides to use A- bomb: 1) Japanese soldiers were fighting to the death 2) Japan would not surrender Truman talks over plan to drop atomic bomb with his Secretary of War
  • 102. Atomic bomb dropped on Japan F irst atomic bomb was dropped on H iroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945 Three days later, another bomb was dropped on Japanese city of Nagasaki (left) A mushroom cloud rises above Hiroshima after the bomb exploded (below) the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima (right) Enola Gay and its pilot Paul Tibbits.
  • 105. V-­J Day: Victory over Japan The dropping of the atomic bombs on H iroshima and Nagasaki led to the unconditional surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945 The war is over!!
  • 106. The war is over!! World War II officially came to and end on September 2, 1945 Gen. Macarthur oversees the Japanese surrender aboard the USS Missouri
  • 107. Aftermath of World War II There were four main results of World War II on the world An estimated 60-80 million people were killed during the war, over half of which were civilians The United States and Soviet Russia E urope was split in half between the Democratic West and the Communist E ast
  • 109. Creation of United Nations A last result of World War II was the creation of a new world peace-­ keeping organization the United Nations The UN was founded to stop wars between nations, and to provide a platform for nations to discuss differences
  • 110. Coming up in Unit 8 The Cold Democracy vs. Communism War