Cold War Civil Rights

Cold WarDemocracy versus CommunismAs the world’s exemplary democracy, America ostensibly stood for life, liberty & pursuit of happiness and offered to extend this system around the world.Soviet Union pointed to American race relations as an example of American hypocrisy.McCarthyism affected the careers of leading African-American activists:Paul Robeson W.E.B. DuBois

Paul Robeson

W.E.B. DuBois

International OpinionGunnar Myrdal, et. al., An American Dilemma (1944)U.N. Declaration of Universal Human Rights (1948)UNESCO “The Race Question” (1950)“We Charge Genocide” (1951)Pan-AfricanismAfrican & Southeast Asian Liberation MovementsGhandi’s Resistance to British Rule in IndiaSouth African “Defiance Campaign” (1952)Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya (1953-1961)Ghanaian Independence (1957)

Gunnar Myrdal, et. al., An American Dilemma (1944)

U.N. Declaration of Universal Human Rights (1948)

UNESCO “The Race Question” (1950)

“We Charge Genocide” (1951)

Pan-Africanism

African & Southeast Asian Liberation Movements

Ghandi’s Resistance to British Rule in India

South African “Defiance Campaign” (1952)

Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya (1953-1961)

Ghanaian Independence (1957)

Route 40 Racism

Legal Victories Against SegregationSegregated EducationMissouri ex. rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938)Sweatt v. Painter (1950)McLaurin v. Oklahoma Board of Regents (1950)Brown v. Board of Education (1954 & 1955)Segregated TransportationMitchell v. U.S. (1941)Morgan v. Virginia (1946)Henderson v. United State (1950)ICC Ruling (1955)Browder v. Gayle (1956)

Movement VictoriesMontgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)MIA -> SCLC “Passive Resistance”Integration of Little Rock Central H.S. (1957)Expansion of Southern NAACPRobert F. Williams (NC) ~ armed resistanceMegar Evers (MS) ~ boycotts

Robert F. Williams (NC) ~ armed resistance

Megar Evers (MS) ~ boycotts

Brown v. Board of Education

Prejudice & Personality

Massive Resistance

The Problem We All Live With

Emmett Till

Southern Voting Patterns