This document provides an overview of the revolutions and rise of national states in the Atlantic world during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It summarizes key events and developments in Britain/North America including the American Revolution, Enlightenment thinking, and the Stamp Act. For France, it outlines the influence of the American Revolution, social divisions, the storming of the Bastille, and the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution. It also discusses Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power and his military campaigns across Europe.
2. EUROPE IN THE 18TH CENTURY:
BACKGROUND TO REVOLUTION
Paradigm Shifts
Population growth
Agricultural Revolution
Class Divisions
Global War
3. BRITISH IN NORTH AMERICA
Salutary neglect
Hanoverian Dynasty
Impact of the 7 Years War
French and Indian War
King George III
King George III
Stamp Act of 1765
De facto democracy
4. AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Enlightenment thinking
John Locke
John Locke:
All people are created equal and
independent
Property proceeds government
Revolution is not only right, but in
some cases necessary
6. FRENCH REVOLUTION
The American example
Successful overthrow of “tyranny”
Enlightenment ideas
Locke
Outdated social order
Nobility
Middle class
Peasantry
Decline of monarchy’s absolute power
Louis XVI is unpopular
The nobility has regained power
7. FRENCH REVOLUTION
Jacques Necker
Director of General Finances
Pro- common people
Meeting of the Estates General
1789
First Estate – Clergy
Second Estate – Nobility
Third Estate – Everyone else
Each estate only gets one vote
8. FRENCH REVOLUTION
National Assembly 1789
Tennis Court Oath
The Great Fear
Storming of the Bastille
July 14, 1789
August Decrees
Women’s March on Versailles
The Bastille
Reforms
Declaration of Rights of Man & of the Citizen
9. FRENCH REVOLUTION
1791 – Constitution
Legislative Assembly
The Radical Republic
Paris Commune
September Massacres
National Convention
Committee on Public Safety
Jacobins
Robespierre
Maximillen Robespierre
The Reign of Terror
The Directory - 1799
10. NAPOLEON BONAPART
First Consul
Napoleonic Code 1804
Nationalism
Failed Campaigns
Great Britain
The Continental System
Russia
Congress of Vienna
Waterloo