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REVOLUTIONS AND
NATIONAL STATES IN THE
ATLANTIC WORLD
Chapter 29
EUROPE IN THE 18TH CENTURY:
    BACKGROUND TO REVOLUTION

   Paradigm Shifts

   Population growth

   Agricultural Revolution

   Class Divisions

   Global War
BRITISH IN NORTH AMERICA

 Salutary   neglect

 Hanoverian    Dynasty

 Impact   of the 7 Years War
     French and Indian War

 King   George III
                                King George III
 Stamp    Act of 1765

 De   facto democracy
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
 Enlightenment     thinking
                                   John Locke
   John Locke:
     All people are created equal and
      independent
     Property proceeds government
     Revolution is not only right, but in
      some cases necessary
ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM /
ABSOLUTISM
Natural    Rights

Reform   from Above

Fredrick   the Great (Frederick II,
 Prussia)

Joseph   II (Austria)
FRENCH REVOLUTION
   The American example
     Successful overthrow of “tyranny”


   Enlightenment ideas
     Locke


   Outdated social order
     Nobility
     Middle class
     Peasantry


   Decline of monarchy’s absolute power
     Louis XVI is unpopular
     The nobility has regained power
FRENCH REVOLUTION


   Jacques Necker
       Director of General Finances
           Pro- common people


   Meeting of the Estates General
     1789


     First Estate – Clergy
     Second Estate – Nobility
     Third Estate – Everyone else
        Each estate only gets one vote
FRENCH REVOLUTION
   National Assembly 1789

   Tennis Court Oath

   The Great Fear

   Storming of the Bastille
      July 14, 1789


   August Decrees

   Women’s March on Versailles

                                                    The Bastille
   Reforms

   Declaration of Rights of Man & of the Citizen
FRENCH REVOLUTION
   1791 – Constitution
      Legislative Assembly


   The Radical Republic
     Paris Commune
     September Massacres


   National Convention

   Committee on Public Safety
     Jacobins
                                 Robespierre
     Maximillen Robespierre
     The Reign of Terror


   The Directory - 1799
NAPOLEON BONAPART
   First Consul

   Napoleonic Code 1804

   Nationalism

   Failed Campaigns
       Great Britain
       The Continental System
       Russia

   Congress of Vienna

   Waterloo

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Revolutions and National States

  • 1. REVOLUTIONS AND NATIONAL STATES IN THE ATLANTIC WORLD Chapter 29
  • 2. EUROPE IN THE 18TH CENTURY: BACKGROUND TO REVOLUTION  Paradigm Shifts  Population growth  Agricultural Revolution  Class Divisions  Global War
  • 3. BRITISH IN NORTH AMERICA  Salutary neglect  Hanoverian Dynasty  Impact of the 7 Years War  French and Indian War  King George III King George III  Stamp Act of 1765  De facto democracy
  • 4. AMERICAN REVOLUTION  Enlightenment thinking John Locke  John Locke:  All people are created equal and independent  Property proceeds government  Revolution is not only right, but in some cases necessary
  • 5. ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM / ABSOLUTISM Natural Rights Reform from Above Fredrick the Great (Frederick II, Prussia) Joseph II (Austria)
  • 6. FRENCH REVOLUTION  The American example  Successful overthrow of “tyranny”  Enlightenment ideas  Locke  Outdated social order  Nobility  Middle class  Peasantry  Decline of monarchy’s absolute power  Louis XVI is unpopular  The nobility has regained power
  • 7. FRENCH REVOLUTION  Jacques Necker  Director of General Finances  Pro- common people  Meeting of the Estates General  1789  First Estate – Clergy  Second Estate – Nobility  Third Estate – Everyone else  Each estate only gets one vote
  • 8. FRENCH REVOLUTION  National Assembly 1789  Tennis Court Oath  The Great Fear  Storming of the Bastille  July 14, 1789  August Decrees  Women’s March on Versailles The Bastille  Reforms  Declaration of Rights of Man & of the Citizen
  • 9. FRENCH REVOLUTION  1791 – Constitution  Legislative Assembly  The Radical Republic  Paris Commune  September Massacres  National Convention  Committee on Public Safety  Jacobins Robespierre  Maximillen Robespierre  The Reign of Terror  The Directory - 1799
  • 10. NAPOLEON BONAPART  First Consul  Napoleonic Code 1804  Nationalism  Failed Campaigns  Great Britain  The Continental System  Russia  Congress of Vienna  Waterloo