Chapter 13

Social Psychology: Meeting of the Minds

Social Cognition
How we perceive our social worlds and how we attend to, store, remember, and use information about other people and the social world

Impressions
How long does it take you to “size someone up” (i.e., decide if you like him or her, etc.)?
What do you look for? What influences your impression? Are there “things” in particular that catch your attention?
Does the information that you notice or receive first have a disproportionate influence on your impression? Why or why not?

Making an Impression
Impression formation
Impression management
Social judgments in seconds!
Halo effect
Primacy effect

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Expectations can create outcomes
Rosenthal & Jacobson
“ Test” predicted student academics
Students performed as “predicted”

Attitudes and Behavior
Attitudes
An overall evaluation about some aspect of the world
Attitudes and behavior do not always go hand in hand (e.g., cognitive dissonance).

Cognitive Dissonance “ Did you enjoy the task?” Receive Boring task $1 $20 “ No” “ Yes”

Cognitive Dissonance
Dissonance theory
Reducing mismatch between behaviors and feelings

Stereotypes
What are stereotypes?
A belief or set of beliefs about people in a particular social category

Look quickly at each “person” below. What is the first stereotype that comes to mind?
Men
Women
Blondes
Redheads
Lawyers
Scientists
Professors
Grade school teacher
Physician

Stereotypes
Stereotype consistent information
Prefer it
Process it faster
Attend to it more
Recall it faster

Prejudice
Social Categorization (dividing the world into us and them)
Ingroup
Outgroup
Illusory correlation
Illusion of outgroup
homogeneity
Ingroup differentiation
Discrimination

Understanding Prejudice
Social Categorization Theory
Realistic conflict theory
Competition for scarce resources
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Social learning theory

Yielding to Others
What is conformity?
A change in beliefs or behavior because of pressure from others.
Informational social influence
Normative social influence

Conformity: Asch’s Studies 1 2 3 Find the matching line

Compliance
What is compliance?
Change in behavior brought on by a direct request
Six principles
Friendship/liking
Commitment/consistency
Scarcity
Reciprocity
Social validation
Authority

Compliance
Foot-in-the-door technique
Lowball technique
Door-in-the-face technique

The Milgram Studies Obedience
What is obedience?
Compliance with an order from an authority figure
Teacher and Learner

The Milgram Studies Increasing Shocks for Errors

The Milgram Studies
15 volts to 450 volts (“XXX”)
At 120 volts learner shouts in pain
At 150 volts learner asks to stop
At 300 volts learner pounds on wall
At 330 volts learner stops responding
Question: how far will teachers go?

The Milgram Studies
Psychiatrists predicted 2% would go to maximum level
Actual results: 65% of teachers went to the maximum level
Other factors
Ethical issues
What does this tell us about human nature?

Attribution
An explanation for the cause of an event or behavior
Humans seek to know the cause of actions!
What caused that behavior?
Internal attributions
Dispositional attributions
External attributions
Situational attributions

Attributional Biases
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Belief in a just world
Blaming the victim

Helping Others
Altruism
Prosocial behavior
Catherine Genovese murder
Bystander effect
Evaluation apprehension
Diffusion of responsibility

Relationships: Liking
Repeated contact
Similarity
Physical attraction

Relationships: Loving
Is there a soul mate for you? What does falling in love feel like? Does that feeling last?
Passionate love
Companionate love
Sternberg’s triangular model
of love
Passion
Intimacy
Commitment

Social Organizations
What are some common elements of group?
Interaction among members
Emotional connection
Common frame of reference
Interdependence
Norms
Roles
Status hierarchy
Sometimes deindividuation

Decision Making in Groups
Group polarization
Groupthink
Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous groups

Performance in Groups
Social loafing
Social compensation
Social facilitation

The Stanford Prison Experiment How powerful is a role? How does this study relate to the Abu Ghraib prison incident?

Chapter 13

by Robert Carels

Accessibility

Categories

Upload Details

Usage Rights

1 Embed 2

Statistics

Chapter 13 Webinar Transcript