Book III Lesson 3

Book III Lesson 3 - Presentation Transcript

Book III Lesson 3 The Wooden Horse of Troy

Vocabulary & Idiomatic Expressions

Reading Selection

Patterns in Action

A Look at the Language

Now Hear This!

Book III Lesson 3 The Wooden Horse of Troy Vocabulary & Idiomatic Expressions

Vocabulary for Production

function n. [C] 功能；作用

so…that… 如此…以致於…

too…to… 太…無法…

functional adj. 運作正常的

after being repaired…

= after it was repaired …

function v. 運作；運轉

例句補充例句補充

decoration n. [C] 裝飾（品）

festival decoration 節日裝飾品

decorate vt. 裝飾

decorate A with B 以 B 來裝飾 A

festival n. [C] 節慶

Lantern Festival 元宵節

Dragon-boat Festival 端午節

homeland n. [C] 祖國 = motherland

hometown 家鄉

long to + V 渴望…

例句補充

kidnap vt. 綁架

kidnapper n. [C] 綁匪

a great deal of + 不可數名詞

kidnapped adj. 被綁架的

safe and sound 安然無恙

ransom n. 贖金

massive adj. 巨大的

[ 同 ] enormous, huge, immense, vast

by far ( adv. ) 「非常；顯然」，用來修飾比較級或最高級

mass n. 群；團；體積大小

例句補充例句補充例句補充

mount vt. 固定在……之上 = place, fix

mount v. 騎上 ( 馬、單車等 ) ；安裝；架設

mount n. 山 ( 簡寫成 Mt.)

platform n. [C] 平台；講台；月台

give one’s speech 演說

direction n. [C] 方向

sense of direction 方向感

direct v. 指導 adj. 直接的

directions n. 說明；指引

obey/follow directions 服從、遵守說明

例句補充

campfire n. [C] 營火

camp n. 露營 v. 露營

camper n. 露營者

inspect vt. 檢查；檢閱

inspection n. 檢驗；檢查

[ 同 ] examination, investigation, survey

inspector n. 檢驗員；督察員

angle n. [C] 角度

[ 同 ] viewpoint, perspective n. 觀點

poke vt. 戳

wait in line ＝ line up 排隊

poke fun at sb. ＝ make fun of sb. 取笑某人

spear n. [C] 矛； v. 以矛刺…

shield n. 盾

feast n. [C] 筵席；盛宴

give/hold a feast 設宴款待

feast one’s eyes on/upon 大飽眼福

a feast for the eyes 賞心悅目的景物

feast v. 設宴招待

例句補充

instrument n. [C] 樂器；儀器

including ＋ N ＝ N ＋ included

＝ inclusive of ＋ N

instrumental adj. 有幫助的；樂器的

celebrate vt. vi. 慶祝

celebration n. [C,U] 慶祝

in celebration of 慶祝…

celebrity n. 名人；名聲；名譽

celebrated adj. 著名的

be celebrated/famous/well-known for... 以…著名

例句補充

gradually adv. 漸漸地

＝ step by step ＝ little by little ＝ by degrees

greenhouse effect 溫室效應

gradual adj. 逐漸的

citizen n. [C] 市民；公民

a citizen of the world 世界公民

senior citizen （年過六十的）老年人

dual citizenship 雙重國籍

citizenship n. 公民權；公民資格

例句補充

creep vi. 躡手躡腳地走 n. 毛骨悚然的感覺

creepy adj. 讓人起雞皮疙瘩的

give sb. the creeps

＝ make sb. feel creepy 讓人不寒而慄

sword n. [C] 劍

The pen is mightier than the sword.

【諺】文勝於武。

mercy n. [U] 仁慈；寬容

beg for mercy 懇求寬容

at the mercy of sb./sth. 任由……擺布

＝ under the control of sb./sth.

mercy killing 安樂死（＝ euthanasia ）

merciful adj. 慈悲的；憐憫的

mercifully adv. 慈悲地；幸運地

例句補充

organize vt. 組織；安排

get ＋ O ＋ p.p. 使……被……

organization n. [C,U] 組織；團體

set up/found/establish an organization

organized adj. 有組織性的

be rewarded for... 因……而獲得獎賞

organizer n. 組織者；主辦者；創建人

例句補充例句補充

defend vt. 防禦；防護  offend

defense n. [C, U] 防禦 ; 防護  offense

The best defense is a good offense.

【諺】最好的防衛就是攻擊。

日常生活中，有時不得不對別人加以批評時，可以說：“ No offense , but I have to tell you that...” 。

defensive adj. 防禦的 ; 自衛的  offensive

suspicious adj. 可疑的

be suspicious about/of sb./sth. 懷疑…

suspect vt. 懷疑；猜疑

suspect sb. of... 懷疑某人做某事

suspect n. [C] 可疑分子；嫌疑犯

suspicion n. [C,U] 懷疑；猜疑

under suspicion 被懷疑

suspiciously adv. 多疑地；可疑地

take A to B 把 A 帶到 B

例句補充例句補充例句補充

Vocabulary for Recognition

army n. [C] 軍隊

behold vt. 看見；注視 beholder n. 觀看的人

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder .

wheel n. [C] 輪子

ferris wheel 摩天輪

third/fifth wheel 電燈泡

情人眼裡出西施

battle cry n. [C] （開戰助士氣的）吶喊聲

hoof n. [C] (pl. hooves/hoofs) ( 馬等的 ) 蹄

betray/show the hoof 現出原形；露出馬腳

under the hoof of... 遭受……的蹂躪

panel n. [C] （薄木板的）隔板；鑲板

a control panel 儀表板

captor n. [C] 俘虜（他人）者；擄掠者

[ 反 ] captive 俘虜；被監禁者

beware vi. 當心；小心 = be careful

beware of ＝ be careful of ＝ be cautious of

Idiomatic Expressions

under attack 遭攻擊；遭侵襲

under ＋ N 表「遭逢某種情況」

call to arms 戰爭召喚

arms ＝ weapons 武器

draw near to 挨近；接近

= come close to

in no way 一點也不；絕不

in no way 等否定副詞放句首時，後面要接倒裝句

In no way will I go to the movies with John.

be taken prisoner (by someone) 被俘虜

take prisoner 俘虜

Book III Lesson 3 The Wooden Horse of Troy Reading Selection

Early one morning , a sleepy guard looked out over the great gates of the walled city of Troy and saw a terrifying sight.

He immediately called out a warning to the people of the town, [who were just waking up to a new day] .

某一天早上現在分詞當形容詞，用來修飾名詞形容詞子句，當補述用法

Troy had been under attack by the Greeks for many years.

The Greek army had sailed across the sea from their homeland (to bring back Helen ) , their queen , [who had been kidnapped by Paris , a prince of Troy ] .

「 the ＋複數國民名稱」表「全體國民」不定詞片語，表目的形容詞子句，作補述用法 Helen 的同位語 Paris 的同位語

The people of Troy were used to the sounds of war.

sb. ＋ be [become/get] used to ＋ V-ing/N 某人習慣於…

sb. ＋ used to ＋ VR 某人過去習慣…（現在已不再做）

Therefore , they thought {the warning simply meant [that they should stay in the safety of their homes] } .

人民

But then they heard the guard call out : “Behold the strange object [that has been left outside our gates] !”

When the people heard these words, they hurried to the top of the high walls and looked down to [ (the place) where the guard was pointing] .

形容詞子句，修飾 object 名詞子句，作受詞 (the place)

To their amazement , they saw a massive wooden horse as tall as the gates themselves .

to one’s ＋情緒性名詞令某人…的是…

as ＋ adj./adv. ＋ as... 和…一樣…

It was mounted on a large wooden platform with wheels.

反身代名詞用來加強語氣 = which had 有

The Trojans were confused.

As far as they could see in every direction , everything seemed unusually calm.

As far as ＋ S ＋ V..., S ＋ V... 在…的範圍內

There were no Greek soldiers to be seen; no smoking campfires; no calls to arms or battle cries.

＝ ...; (there were) no smoking campfires (to be seen); (there were) no calls to arms or battle cries (to be heard).

＝ in all directions 四面八方 There be ＋ N ＋ to ＋ VR... 有…要… 武器、戰爭、戰鬥

Several soldiers climbed down the walls and drew near to the giant horse.

They inspected it from every angle . But they could find nothing unusual .

They poked it with their spears. They looked carefully at its hooves. They climbed up onto its back. Its glass eyes in no way suggested danger.

The wooden horse was silent and still in the morning air.

＝ not at all ＝ by no means 靜止的；不動的

A soldier suggested [that the horse was a request for peace from the Greek army] .

Cautious as they were , the soldiers agreed [that the horse should be brought inside the city wall] [because they were grateful for peace after years of war] .

“ Cautious as they were” 是 “ Although they were cautious” 的「倒裝」寫法，句型為：

adj./adv. ＋ as [though] ＋ S ＋ V..., S ＋ V... 雖然……但……

be grateful (to sb.) for sth. 感激（某人）某事

They tied a rope around the horse’s neck, and pulled it on wheels through the gates of Troy and into the center of the city.

Then they closed the gates again.

In the evening, the Trojans gathered once again around the base of the wooden horse.

They were still wondering at this unexpected gift [that had been left behind by the Greeks] .

The people held a great feast with wine and food enough for the entire army. They played musical instruments and danced.

wonder at ＋ N 對…感到驚訝＝ be surprised at ＋ N 形容詞子句，修飾 gift leave...behind 把…遺留在…

Everyone was happy (to celebrate the end of the war) .

Then, gradually, the people returned to their homes and went to bed .

不定詞片語，表原因

That night, as the citizens of Troy slept, a small wooden panel opened under the belly of the horse.

One by one , a group of soldiers jumped down onto the ground.

Silently, they crept to the once-protective gates of Troy and opened them.

one by one ＝ one after another 陸續地；一個一個地 onto 強調「放置的動作」，表「運動、動作的方向」

With swords drawn and ready to fight , an army of Greek soldiers quietly entered the city.

 “ with ＋ O ＋ OC ” 表「附帶說明」：

受詞補語可為 p.p. （表被動）、 V-ing （表主動）或介詞片語（表狀態）

They began to kill the Trojans without mercy .

The city’s army could not organize itself in time (to defend the people) .

此結構表「附帶說明」＝ mercilessly ＝ cruelly 殘酷地；毫不留情地不定詞片語，表目的

When the surprise attack was over, hundreds of Trojan soldiers lay dead within the walls of the great city.

lie/stay/stand/remain... ＋ adj. 處在… ( 狀態 ) 中

Women and children were taken prisoner . Helen was rescued from her captors and returned to her husband.

The Trojan War ended with the total destruction of the city of Troy.

surprise 用在名詞前，表「突然的；沒有預告的」 vi. ( 人 ) 躺；臥 lie—lay—lain; lying end (up) with ＋ N 以…結束

To this day , the expression “Trojan horse” refers to a suspicious gift [that is given to people in order to trick them] .

refer to ＝ mention ＝ speak of 提到

That is also [why we say, “ Beware of Greeks bearing gifts”] when we are offered something [that seems too good to be true] .

to this day:  so far, until now （常與完成式連用）  even now （常與現在式連用）形容詞子句，修飾 gift ＝ look out for ＝ watch out for 小心… ＝ who bear gifts 形容詞子句，修飾 something

Book III Lesson 3 The Wooden Horse of Troy Patterns in Action

P ATTERNS I N A CTION I. To someone’s + N, S + V II. adj. + as + S + V, S + V

I. To someone’s ＋ N, S ＋ V 令（某人）…的是… [ 表示結果，效果 ]

此句型用來表示某事引起某人某種的情緒、感覺。

若要表示「令（某人）非常……的是」，則 “ much” 加在最前面，或加 great 在 N 前。

(1) much to one’s ＋ N...

(2) to one’s great ＋ N...

． Much to my disappointment , the school turned down my application.

相關例子：

(1) to one’s joy [delight] 令某人喜悅的是…

(2) to one’s sorrow 令某人難過的是…

(3) to one’s surprise 令某人驚訝的是…

(4) to one’s amazement 令某人驚訝的是…

(5) to one’s relief 令某人安心的是…

Exercise A: Look at the following pictures. Rewrite each sentence by using the key words and the patterns above. The first one has been done for you. 1. parents/amazement/Barbie/wash the dishes after dinner To her parents’ amazement, Barbie washed the dishes after dinner. Example: To their amazement , they saw a massive wooden horse. I. To someone’s + N, S + V

To his parents’ relief, Kenny got an A on his math test. 2. Johnny/surprise/no one/in the classroom 3. everyone/delight/coffee/free 4. parents/relief/Kenny/got an A/his math test 5. Jennifer/disappointment/tickets to the concert/sold out To Johnny’s surprise, no one was in the classroom. To everyone’s delight, the coffee was free. To Jennifer’s disappointment, the tickets to the concert were sold out.

Exercise B: Roger’s class put on a play in front of the whole school. He is reporting what happened. Rewrite what he says by using the pattern above. The first one has been done for you. 1. Everyone played his or her part well. We were relieved. 2. We provided free tea and coffee during the break. The audience was delighted. To our relief, everyone played his or her part well. To the audience’s delight, we provided free tea and coffee during the break.

3. The time for the play to start was changed at the last minute. Everyone was surprised. 4. The graduating class did not come because they had a test. We were disappointed. 5. The mayor showed up for our play. We were amazed. To everyone’s surprise, the time for the play to start was changed at the last minute. To our disappointment, the graduating class did not come because they had a test. To our amazement, the mayor showed up for our play.

II. adj. ＋ as ＋ S ＋ V, S ＋ V

(1) 此句型原為「讓步子句」。

(2) 形容詞或副詞或無冠詞之名詞加 as ，表示「雖然……」。

例句：

． Young as he is, he is very knowledgeable.

＝ Although he is young, he is very knowledgeable.

． Hard as he studied, he failed the exam.

＝ Although he studied hard, he failed the exam.

． Ridiculous as her story may sound, it is true.

＝ Although her story may sound ridiculous, it is true.

II. adj. + as + S + V, S + V Example: Although/Though they were cautious, the soldiers agreed that the horse should be brought inside the city wall. Exercise A: Use the phrases in the box to complete the sentences. The first one has been done for you. suspicious as they were careful as she may have been delicious as the food was complicated as the problem was spacious as the closet is Cautious as they were, the soldiers agreed that the horse should be brought inside the city wall.

1.______________________, they still opened the attachment to the e-mail message. 2. , she still broke a cup while learning to make tea. 3. , Lenny still feels it is not big enough for all her clothes. 4. , I had to stop eating after finishing three plates. 5. , Sally solved it in just a few minutes. Careful as she may have been Spacious as the closet is Delicious as the food was Complicated as the problem was Suspicious as they were

Exercise B: Complete the following conversation by using the key words given. The first one has been done for you. 1. A: Why don’t you like Bob? He seems like such a nice person. (nice) B: ___________________, he simply is not my type. 2. A: That is the craziest idea I have ever heard! (crazy) B: , it may just work. Crazy as the idea may sound Nice as Bob may seem

3. A: I’ll never finish reading this book. It looks about three inches thick! (thick) B: , it’s actually a quick read. 4. A: Were you nervous before the show? (nervous) B: Yes, we were. But , we still had to put on the show for everyone. 5. A: You look very relaxed for someone who is about to give a big speech. (relaxed) B: on the outside, I am actually quite nervous. Thick as the book may look nervous as we were Relaxed as I may look

Book III Lesson 3 The Wooden Horse of Troy A Look at the Language

A LOOK AT THE LANGUAGE Who’s Who in the Trojan War? History-based stories often have complex story lines about human relationships, and hence lots of names. Sometimes remembering who is related to whom can be difficult. Let’s try to do that for the story of the Trojan War. On the Trojan Side On the Greek Side Priam King of Troy Hecuba Queen of Troy Paris Prince of Troy Hector The greatest warrior of Troy, Prince of Troy Andromache Hector’s wife Menelaus A Greek king who married Helen Helen Married to Menelaus Achilles The greatest Greek hero,the one who killed Hector Pyrrhus Son of Achilles

Practice: Look at the kinship terms in the box. Read the sentences below and fill in the blanks with the correct kinship term. The first one has been done for you. father father-in-law mother-in-law son sister brother mother brother-in-law sister-in-law wife daughter husband Example: 1.If Helen had married Paris, Hecuba would have become Helen’s ______________. mother-in-law

2. Priam is Paris’________ . 3. Achilles killed Paris’________ , Hector. 4. Hecuba is Hector’s_______. father brother mother 5. Priam is Andromache’s____________. 6. Andromache is Paris’ ______________. 7. Menelaus is Helen’s_________ , and Helen is his _______. 8. Pyrrhus is Achilles’ _____. father-in-law sister-in-law husband wife son

Book III Lesson 3 The Wooden Horse of Troy Now Hear This!

pregnant adj. 懷孕的

destruction n. 毀滅；破壞

mountainside n. 山坡；山腰

sympathetic adj. 同情的；有同情心的

shepherd n. 牧羊人

bring sb. up v. phr. 養育（某人）

charming n. 迷人的；有魅力的

glory n. 光榮

victory n. 勝利

有用的單詞和片語

fair adj. 美麗的

judge n. 裁判

wisdom n. 智慧

When the Queen of Troy was pregnant , she was told that her baby would be the cause of the destruction of the city. So, when the baby Paris was born, he was left to die on a mountainside . But a sympathetic shepherd rescued him and brought him up as his own child. The boy grew up to be charming and handsome and was brought to Mount Olympus by the king of the gods. Then one day, a big wedding feast was held by the gods. One goddess failed to receive an invitation. She was so angry that she decided to make trouble for everyone. So she threw a golden apple into the middle of the wedding party. On it were written the words: “To the Fairest .” The king of the gods chose Paris to be the judge of who should receive the apple. Three goddesses tried to get him to choose her. The queen of the gods promised him wealth and power. The goddess of wisdom promised him glory and victory in battle. The goddess of love promised him the most beautiful woman in the world. Paris chose the goddess of love as the fairest of all, and was awarded Helen. The problem was that Helen was already married to a Greek king. So Paris took Helen and ran away to Troy. Helen’s husband followed with thousands of Greek soldiers and the Trojan War, which lasted for 10 years, began.