Fabrication of prototype of stirling engine

HARDWARE PROJECT

GUIDED BY : Mr. V.G. SRIDHAR(SMBS) TEAM MEMBERS: PRATEEK DEVAL(08BME163) RAVI SHEKHAR (08BME181) ASHISH DEVARTH (08BME037)

A stirling engine is a heat engine operating by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas, the working fluid ,at different temperature levels such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work.
The engine was first invented in 1816 by “ROBERT STIRLING” so its name came to be stirling engine.

BASIC WORKING PRINCIPLE :
The main and the most basic principle underlying the working of a Stirling engine is “DIFFERENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON TWO SIDES OF CYLINDER OF THE STIRLING ENGINE”
Every stirling engine has a sealed cylinder with one part hot and the other cold.
The working gas inside the engine is moved by a mechanism from the hot side to cold side.
When gas is on the hotter side it expands and pushes up on a piston and vice-versa.

To understand the working of stirling engine and importance in the future.
To understand the process of planning.
Time management and problem solving.
To apply the learned manufacturing skills to fabricate useful projects.

EXPLODED VIEW OF PROTOTYPE OF STIRLING ENGINE crankshaft Wire nut Connecting rod Balloon Top PVC Elbow Flywheel CD Crankshaft Support Wooden Board Ring Stand Pressure Vessel Bottom Displacer Pressure Vessel Top / / / ---

The idealistic stirling engine consist of four basic thermodynamic processes acting on fluid:
Isothermal expansion.
Constant volume heat removal.
Isothermal compression.
Constant volume heat addition.

To fabricate the model we followed the following methodology :-
Intensive study along with the analysis of problems.
Procurement of materials.
Making of ring stand.
Making of pressure vessel (top and bottom).
Making of displacer (top and bottom).
Making of various other parts and some other small works.
Assembly and testing.

1.ISOTHERMAL EXPANSION. 2.CONSTANT VOLUME HEAT REMOVAL. 3.ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSION. 4.CONSTANT VOLUME HEAT ADDITION.

HEAT SOURCE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE DISPLACER CONSTANT HEAT SOURCE (CANDLE FLAME) ATMOSPHERRE

Stirling engine is used in the following ways :
1. In submarines
2. In cry coolers
3. In room or space for cooling
4. In aero planes where the air gets cooled at higher altitudes.
5. In yatches where silence is valued
6. As heat pump as it works irreversible cycle.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF STIRLING ENGINE PROTOTYPE :
RING STAND
PRESSURE VESSEL TOP
PRESSURE VESSEL BOTTOM
DISPLACER TOP
DISPLACER BOTTOM
CRANKSHAFT
CRANKSHAFT SUPPORT

Components Height Diameter
1. Ring Stand 5” 2.5”
2. Pressure Vessel To 1” 2.5”
3. Pressure Vessel Bottom 3” 2.5”
4. Displacer Top -- 2.4”
5. Displacer Bottom 1.5 2.45”
6. Crankshaft Support 6.5” --
7. Connecting Rod 7”(Length)
8. Crankshaft 10”(Length )

RING STAND PRESSURE VESSEL BOTTOM PRESSURE VESSEL TOP

DISPLACER BOTTOM DISPLACER TOP CRANKSHAFT SUPPORT CRANKSHAFT

MATERIALS USED :
TIN AND ALUMINIUM CANS
STRAIGHT PIN
¾” PVC ELBOW
SMALL BALLOONS
FLAT WASHER AND NUT
METAL COAT HANGER
OLD CD
WOODEN BASE AND NAILS
WIRE NUT
GLUING AGENTS LIKE ARALDITE AND M-SEAL.

1. Tin Snips
2. Stainless Steel Scissors
3. Hammer
4. Pliers
5. Hexaframe
6. Wooden Mallet
7. Drilling Machine
8. Grinding Machine

MATERIAL NUMBERS COST ALUMINIUM AND TIN CANS 6 180 WOODEN BOARD 1 30 GLUING AGENTS 5 17 OTHERS MATERIALS AND MISCELLENEOUS COSTS 170 TOTAL = Rs.550

Opening of the can lid for making pressure vessel top ,pressure vessel bottom, displacer top and displacer bottom.
Non linear motion of straight pin through the hole of pressure vessel top.
Sliding of crankshaft through the holes in crankshaft supports.
Dissipation of heat from the space between the legs of ring stand.
Maintaining exact length of connecting rod through PVC elbow.

Can lid was removed by the grinding process.
The non–linear motion of straight pin was restricted using cap at the top of pressure vessel top.
Sliding of the crankshaft through the holes of the crankshaft supports was stopped using washer and m-seal.
Dissipation of heat is prevented using GI sheet wrapped around ring stand.
Length of connecting rod is still an area of concern .

Fabrication of prototype of stirling engine

by Ravi Shekhar on Feb 04, 2012

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