This document summarizes various viral infections that can affect the oral cavity, including herpes simplex virus, which causes recurrent lesions. It also discusses measles, rubella, molluscum contagiosum, varicella, herpes zoster, and mumps. The document provides details on HIV/AIDS transmission and stages of infection. Finally, it outlines several oral manifestations that can occur in HIV/AIDS patients, such as candidiasis, histoplasmosis, linear gingival erythema, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Treatment involves highly active antiretroviral therapy and managing symptoms.
10. HSV culture from sites
HSV DNA demonstration in lumbar and
trigeminal ganglia
Histology – ballooning degeneration
- Lip schutz bodies
Diagnosis – clinical, stains, cytology, DNA,
PCR
Treatment – Antiviral drugs, NSAID
11. Reccurent Herpes Labialis /
Stomatitis
Attenuated form of primary disease
Reactivation – ganglion trigger, skin
trigger, emotional theory
The viruses spread through nerves
and act on epithelial cells and cause
inflammation
12. Lesions may recur at any interval
May occur on lips, intraoral, or along
area of distribution of nerve
Preceded by tingling or burning
sensation
13. Vesicles less than a mm appear as
clusters which coalasce
Associated pain
Lesions heal by a week
14. Diagnosis
Histology
Viral identification and isolation
Immunofluorescent tests
Immunoperoxide test
RIA and ELISA
Treatment
15. Herpangina
Coxsakie group A virus
Ingestion, contact, droplet
Seen in summer, in young
Symptoms – sore throat, cough,
rhinorhea, fever, vomiting and even
abdominal pain
Vesicles which rupture to form ulcers
All of these heal by 7 days
17. Hand Foot and Mouth
Disease
Coxsakie and entero virus
Multiple ulcers with dysphagia
Intracytoplasmic viral inclusions, high
antibody titer to Coxsakie
Self limiting
18. RUBEOLA (MEASLES)
produced by a paramyxovirus
Affected individuals are infectious from
2 days before becoming symptomatic
until 4 days after appearance of the
rash
Incubation period of 8 to 12 days
19. Pre erutive, eruptive and post eruptive
stage
Small red macules or papules appear
which enlarge and coalesce to form
irregular lesions which blanch on
pressure and gradually fade in 4 or 5
days.
Koplik’s Spots
Warthin Finkeldey giant cells
20.
21. RUBELLA (GERMAN
MEASLES)
capacity to induce birth defects
Forchheimer spots- small discrete
dark-red papules that develop on the
soft palate and may extend onto the
hard palate
22. The classic triad of CRS consists of
deafness, heart disease, and
cataracts
23. Molluscum Contagiosum
Caused by virus of pox group
Considered tumor like
Occur as single or multiple discrete
elevated nodules with central
crustation
Cowdry A inclusion bodies
Henderson Paterson inclusions
35. CLASSIFICATION OF CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS
Group I : Acute Infection
Group II : Chronic Asymptomatic
Infections
Group III : Persistent Generalized
Lymphadenopathy
Group IV : Aids Related Complex
36.
37. CHRONIC ASYMPTOMATIC
INFECTIONS
Most dangerous group
Seropositive pt who is apparently healthy
capable of infection
Enlarged axillary glands
Hematological & immunological
abnormalities
50. APHTHOUS ULCER (MINOR)
Single or multiple recurrent ulcers with whitish pseudomembrane & surrounded b
Erythamatous halo mostly seen on cheek, tongue, soft palate, tonsils.
52. KAPOSI’S SARCOMA
Predominantly in homosexuals.
lesions are vascular, angiomatous
neoplasms that begin as red macule &
progress to large tumefactive red & purple
lesions.
Oral lesions: multifocal & typically seen on
palate & gingiva
53. LYMPHOMA
Most are of B cell origin and Epstein-Barr virus occurs
in cells from several cases.
Lymphoma can occur anywhere in the oral cavity &
there may be soft tissue involvement with or without
involvement of underlying bone.
54. Diagnosis of HIV
Viral Culture
PCR
P24 antigen detection
ELISA
Western Blot
Treatment - HAART